The Sahel region faces a complex interplay of security threats, economic stagnation, and socio-political instability. In response, the Alliance of Sahel States (AES) was established in 2023 to enhance military cooperation, economic resilience, and regional self-sufficiency. This study examines the effectiveness of AES policies in addressing these challenges, focusing on the relationship between military cooperation, economic diversification, and sustainable resource management. Using a qualitative research methodology, the study analyzes AES documentation, thematic trends, and relevant academic literature. Findings indicate that while military collaboration has enhanced counterterrorism efforts and protected critical infrastructures, its impact on long-term economic and environmental sustainability remains constrained by resource limitations and governance challenges. The study further explores AES’s strategic partnerships with non-traditional actors such as Russia, China, Turkey, and Iran. Policy recommendations emphasize integrating security strategies with sustainable economic development, strengthening governance mechanisms, and fostering inclusive regional cooperation to mitigate climate vulnerabilities and economic dependence. Despite its nascent stage, AES presents a unique model of self-reliance in the Sahel, though its long-term viability hinges on overcoming political and financial constraints.

Keywords: AES, Security Threats, Economic Resilience, Military Cooperation, Sustainable Development