International Journal of
Biodiversity and Conservation

  • Abbreviation: Int. J. Biodivers. Conserv.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 2141-243X
  • DOI: 10.5897/IJBC
  • Start Year: 2009
  • Published Articles: 669

Full Length Research Paper

Evolution of policies and legal frameworks governing the management of forest and National Parks resources in Gabon

Christian Mikolo Yobo*
  • Christian Mikolo Yobo*
  • Department of Bioengineering Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Division of International Cooperation in Agricultural Science Laboratory of Project Development, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601,Japan., International Cooperation Center for Agricultural Education, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan., Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CENAREST), Libreville, Gabon.
  • Google Scholar
Kasumi Ito
  • Kasumi Ito
  • International Cooperation Center for Agricultural Education, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
  • Google Scholar


  •  Received: 16 March 2015
  •  Accepted: 29 September 2015
  •  Published: 29 February 2016

References

Agrawal A, Gupta K (2005). Decentralization and participation: the governance of common pool resources in Nepal's Terai. World Dev. 33(7):1101-1114.

 

Agency of National Park National Agency (ANPN). (2011). Note synthétique sur la gestion des parcs nationaux au Gabon. http://www.rapac.org/index.php?option=com_docman&view=download&alias=214-gabon-note-synthetique-sur-la-gestion-des-parcs-nationaux&category_slug=presentations-pays&Itemid=105. Online accessed 20th September 2015.

 
 

Ahenkan A, Boon E (2010). Assessing the impact of forest policies and strategies on promoting the development of non-timber forest products in Ghana. J. Biodiv. 1(2):85-102.

 
 

Baffoe A (2007). Addressing conservation community concerns in forest management in West Central Africa. In: A paper presented at the West & Central Africa Tropical Forest Investment Forum: issues and opportunities for investment in natural tropical forests in Accra, Ghana pp. 28-30.

 
 

Bajracharya SB, Furley P, Newton A (2005). Effectiveness of Community Involvement in Delivering Conservation benefits to the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal. Environ. Conserv. 32(3):239-247.

 
 

Boldrini S, Meunier Q, Gillet P, Angone R, Vermeulen C (2014). The role of the youth in community forestry in Gabon. Nature et Faune, 28(1):56-59.

 
 

Bruner AG, Gullison RE, Rice RE, Da Fonseca GA (2001). Effectiveness of parks in protecting tropical biodiversity. Sci. 291(5501):125-128.

 
 

Burdett J (2003). Making groups work: University students' perceptions. Intl. Educatn J. 4(3):177-191.

 
 

Burgin S, Zama EF (2014). Community-Based Tourism-Option for Forest-Dependent Communities in 1A IUCN Protected Areas? Cameroon Case Study. In: SHS Web of Conferences 12:01067. EDP Sciences.

 
 

Christian MY, Kasumi I (2014). Regulation of usages and dependency on indigenous fruits (IFs) for livelihoods sustenance of rural households: A case study of the Ivindo National Park (INP), Gabon. J. Ecol. Nat. Environ. 6(10):349-362.

 
 

Chopra K, Leemans R, Kumar P, Simons H (eds) (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: policy responses. Island Press, Washington, D.C., USA. Volume 3.

 
 

Colchester M (2004). Conservation policy and indigenous peoples. Environ. Sci. Policy. 7(3):145-153.

 
 

de Wasseige C, Devers D, De Marcken P, Eba'a Atyi R, Nasi R, Mayaux P (2009). Les Forêts du Bassin du Congo - État des Forêts 2008:426.

 
 

Dearden P, Bennett M, Johnston J (2005). Trends in global protected area governance, 1992–2002. Environ. Managt. 36(1):89-100.

 
 

Dlamini CS (2007). Towards the improvement of policy and strategy development for the sustainable management of non-timber forest products: Swaziland: A case study (Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch).

 
 

Dudley N (eds) (2008). Guidelines for applying protected area management categories. IUCN.

 
 

FAO-ITTO (2011). The state of forests in the Amazon Basin, Congo Basin and Southeast Asia. Rome: FAO-ITTO. http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/i2247e/i2247e00.pdf. Online access 20th September 2015.

 
 

FAO (2012). Stratégie nationale et plan d'actions pour le développement du secteur des Produits Forestiers Nnon Ligneux en épublique Gabonaise. GCP/RAF/441/GER Renforcement de la Sécurité Alimentaire en Afrique Centrale à travers la Gestion Durable des Produits Forestiers Non Ligneux.

 
 

Gabonese Republic (2001). Law No 16/01 of 31st December 2001 on theForestry Code in the Gabonese Republic.

 
 

Gabonese Republic (2004a). Decree No 001029/PR/ MEFEPEPN regulating the exploitation, processing and marketing of Products Other than Timber (PFABO).

 
 

Gabonese Republic (2004b). Decree No 001028/PR/ MEFEPEPN fixing the conditions for the creation of community forestry.

 
 

Gabonese Republic (2004c). Decree No 000692/PR/ MEFEPEPN setting up the conditions for exercising of customary use rights in forests, wildlife, hunting and fishing areas.

 
 

Gabonese Republic (2007). Law No03/2007 of 27th August 2007 related to National Parks.

 
 

Gabonese Republic (2008). Ordinance No 011/PR/2008 of 25th July 2008 amending some provisions of Law No 16/01 of 31st December 2001 on the Forestry Code in the Gabonese Republic.

 
 

Gardner CJ (2011). IUCN management categories fail to represent new, multiple-use protected areas in Madagascar. Oryx, 45(03):336-346.

 
 

Graham J, Amos B, Plumptree T (2003). Governance principles for protected areas in the 21st century. Institute on Governance in collaboration with Parks Canada and CIDA, Ottawa Canada).

 
 

Hayes T, Ostrom E (005). Conserving the world's forests: Are protected areas the only way. Ind. L. Rev. 38:595.

 
 

Johnson T, Urpelainen J (2012). A strategic theory of regime integration and separation. Intl. Organization 66(04):645-677.

 
 

Larson AM, Ribot JC (2007). The poverty of forestry policy: double standards on an uneven playing field. Sustain. Sci. 2(2):189-204.

 
 

Locke H, Dearden P (2005). Rethinking protected area categories and the new paradigm. Environ. Conserve. 32(01):1-10.

 
 

Lockwood M (2010). Good governance for terrestrial protected areas: A framework, principles and performance outcomes. J. Environ. Manag. 91(3):754-766.

 
 

Lockwood M, Davidson J, Curtis A, Stratford E, Griffith R (2010). Governance principles for natural resource management. Soc. Nat. Resourc. 23(10):986-1001.

 
 

Massoukou L (2007). La rétrocession d'une partie des revenus de l'exploitation forestière aux populations locales gabonaise: efficacité, équité et pérennité. Diplôme de Master en Agronomie et Agro-Alimentaire Spécialité : Foresterie Rurale et Tropicale.

 
 

Megevand C (2013). Deforestation trends in the Congo Basin: reconciling economic growth and forest protection. World Bank Publications. https://books.google.ga/books?hl=en&lr=&id=GysyXKzQPsQC&oi=fnd&pg=PP2&dq=Megevand,+2013&ots=LSNeX3UNJA&sig=VzuFWB2qPaxCTO0_BtdZ1t47Dow&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Megevand%2C%202013&f=false. Online accessed 20th September 2015.

 
 

Meunier Q, Vermeulen C, Moumbogou C (2011). The first community forests of Gabon: Are they doomed from the start ? Parks Reserves. 17-22.

 
 

Mudekwe J (2007). The impact of subsistence use of forest products and the dynamics of harvested woody species populations in a protected forest reserve in western Zimbabwe (Doctoral dissertation).

 
 

Muhumuza M, Sanders M, Balkwill K (2013). A theoretical framework for investigating ecological problems associated with biodiversity conservation in National Parks: A case of the Rwenzori Mountains National Park, Uganda.

 
 

Naughton-Treves L, Holland MB, Brandon K (2005). The role of protected areas in conserving biodiversity and sustaining local livelihoods. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour, 30:219-252.

 
 

Phillips A (2003). Turning ideas on their head. In: The George Wright Forum. 20(2):8.

 
 

Porter-Bolland L, Ellis EA, Guariguata MR, Ruiz-Mallén I, Negrete Yankelevich S, Reyes-García V (2012). Community managed forests

 
 

and forest protected areas: An assessment of their conservation effectiveness across the tropics. Forest Ecol. Manag. 268:6-17.

 
 

Rainforest Foundation UK (RFUK) (2014). Protected areas in the Congo Basin: failing both people and biodiversity?. Rainforest Foundation UK Briefing, November 2014. http://blog.mappingforrights.org/wp-content/uploads/37804-RFUK-World-Park-Online.pdf.Online accessed 10th February 2015.

 
 

RAMSAR (2007a). Akanda national Park was listed as Ramsar Sites.

 
 

http://ramsar.rgis.ch/pdf/sitelist_order.pdf. Online accessed 05th November 2015.

 
 

RAMSAR (2007b). Pongara national Park was proposed as Ramsar Sites.

 
 

http://ramsar.rgis.ch/pdf/sitelist_order.pdf. Online accessed 05th November 2015.

 
 

RAMSAR (2007c). Monts Birougou national Park was proposed as Ramsar Sites.

 
 

http://ramsar.rgis.ch/pdf/sitelist_order.pdf. Online accessed 05th November 2015.

 
 

RAMSAR (2007d). Loango National Park was proposed as Ramsar Sites.

 
 

http://ramsar.rgis.ch/pdf/sitelist_order.pdf. Online accessed 05th November 2015.

 
 

Sassen M, Wan M (2006). Biodiversity and local priorities in a community near the Ivindo National Park Makokou, Gabon. Project IRET/CENAREST and CIFOR. Makokou/Ipassa, Gabon.

 
 

Schmidt-Soltau, K (2005). Cadre de Politique de Réinstallation et Cadre proccédural de réinstallation. Rapport final, Juillet 2005. http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/09/14/000160016_20050914181336/Rendered/PDF/RP352.pdf. Online accessed 20th September 2015.

 
 

Shackleton C (2009). Will the real custodian of natural resource management please stand up. South Afric. J. Sci. 105(3-4): 91-93.

 
 

Stevens S (2010). Implementing the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and international human rights law through the recognition of ICCAs. Policy Matters, 17:181-194.

 
 

Traynor CH, Hill T (2008). Mangrove utilisation and implications for participatory Forest Management, South Afric. Conserv. Soc. 6(2): 109.

 
 

UNESCO (2005a). Parc national d'Ivindo was proposed as UNESCO World Heritage sites. http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2058/. Online accessed 05th November 2015.

 
 

UNESCO (2005b). Parc national des Plateaux Batéké was proposed as UNESCO World Heritage sites. http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2060/. Online accessed 05th November 2015.

 
 

UNESCO (2005c). Moukalaba-Doudou National Park was proposed as UNESCO World Heritage sites. http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/2061/.Online accessed 05th November 2015.

 
 

UNESCO (2007a). Lopé National Park was listed as UNESCO's World Heritage sites. http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/394/. Online accessed 05th November 2015.

 
 

Watson JE, Dudley N, Segan DB, Hockings M (2014). The performance and potential of protected areas. Nat. 515(7525):67-73.

 
 

Yobo CM, Kasumi I (2014). Availability and size class distribution of the most popular Indigenous fruits trees and implications for sustainable harvest around the Ivindo National Park, Gabon. Intl. J. Biodiver. Conserv. 6(11):777-789.

 
 

Yobo CM, Ito K (2015). Trade of the most popular Indigenous fruits and nuts, threats and opportunities for their sustainable management around the Ivindo National Park (INP), Gabon. Intl. J. Biodiver. Conserv. 7(2):85-102.