Full Length Research Paper
References
|
Abebaw N (2007). Effect of Rice Bran and/or Noug Seedcake Supplementation on Feed Utilization and Live Weight Change of Farta Sheep Fed Native Grass Hay. M.Sc. Thesis, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia. |
|
|
Aganga AA, Tshwenyane SO (2003). Feeding values and Anti-nutritive factors of forage tree legumes. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 2(3):170-177. |
|
|
Akin DE, Rigsby LL (1985). Influence of phenolic acids on rumen fungi. Agronomy Journal 77:180-182. |
|
|
Alemayehu M (2006). Country pastures/ forage resource profiles. Ethiopia. FAO (Food and Agricultural Organaization of the United Nations). |
|
|
Aletor VA (1993). Allelochemicals in plant food and feeding stuffs; nutritional, biochemical and physiopathological aspects in animal production. Veterinary and Human Toxicology 35(1):57-67. |
|
|
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) (1990). Official Method of Analysis. 15th ed. AOAC Inc. Anc. Arlington, Virginia, USA. |
|
|
Agricultural research council (ARC) (1980). The nutrient requirements of ruminant livestock. Common wealth Agricultural bureaux, Farnham Royal, England UK. pp. 114-151. |
|
|
Awet E (2007). Feed utilization, body weight and carcass parameters on intact and castrated Afar sheep fed on urea treated teff straw supplemented with wheat bran. M.Sc. Thesis, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia. |
|
|
Barry TN, Duncan SJ (1984). The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep. I. Voluntary intake. Journal of AOAC 65:496-497. |
|
|
Barry TN, Manley TR (1984). The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep. Quantitative digestion of carbohydrate and Protein British. Journal of Nutrition 51:493-504. |
|
|
Bate-Smith EC (1973). Haem analysis of tannin, the concept of relative astringency. Phytochemistry 12:907-912. |
|
|
Beyene C (1976). Laboratory evaluation and estimation of nutritive value of some Ethiopian feedstuffs and formulae plus animal evaluation of noug seed cake. A PhD Thesis Cornell University Ethaca, New York. |
|
|
Bonsi MLK, Osuji PO, Tuah AK (1995). Effect of supplementing teff straw with differentlevels of leucaena or sesbania leaves on the degradabilities of teff straw, sesbania, leucaena,tagasaste and vernonia and on certain rumen and blood metabolites in Ethiopian Menz sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology 52(1-2):101-129. |
|
|
Chesson A, Stewart CS, Wallace RJ (1982). Influence of plant phenolic acids on growth and cellulolytic activity of rumen bacteria. Applied Environmental Microbiology 44:597-603. |
|
|
Degen AA, Becker K, Makkar HPS, Borowy N (1995). Acacia saligna as a fodder tree for desert livestock and the interaction of its tannins with fibre fractions. Journal of Science and Food Agriculture 68:65-71. |
|
|
Fredericksen P, Lawesson JE (1992). Vegetation types and patterns on Senegal based on Multivariate Analysis of field and NOAA-AVHRR satellite data. Journal of Vegetation Science 3:535-544. |
|
|
Gebreslassie G (2012). Effects of Supplementing Wheat Bran and Graded Levels of Dried Accacia Saligna Leaves on Feed Intake, Body Weight Gain, Digestibility, Carcass and Semen Qualities of Highland Sheep M.Sc Thesis, Mekele University, Mekele, Ethiopia. |
|
|
Gizat T (2011). Feeds and Feeding Practices of Traditional Fattening and Evaluation of Supplemental Value of Cotton Seed Cake and Breweries Dried Grain to Wogera Sheep Fed Grass Hay. MSc. Thesis, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia. |
|
|
Hagos A (2011). Effect of Supplementation with Air Dried Leaves of African Wild Olive (Olea africana), Red Thorn (acacia lahi) and their Mixtures on Performance of Tigray Highland Sheep Fed Grass Hay. MSc. Thesis, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia. |
|
|
Hagos H (2014). Effect of Supplementation of Concentrate Mixture, Dried Local Brewery Byproduct (atella), faidherbia albida and sesbania sesban on the Performance of Local Sheep Fed Hay Basal Diet M.Sc. Thesis, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia. |
|
|
Hirut Y (2008). Supplementation with concentrate mix to Hararghe highland sheep fed a basal diet of urea-treated maize stover: Effect on feed utilization, live weight change and carcass characteristics. M.Sc. Thesis Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia. |
|
|
Kaitho RJ, Nsahlai IV, Williams BA, Umunna NN, Tamminga S, Van Bruchem J (1998). Relationship between preference, rumen degradability, gas production and chemical composition of browses. Agroforestry System 39:129-144. |
|
|
Leng RA (1997). Tree foliage in ruminant nutrition. Published by FAO Rome.FAO-139. |
|
|
Lohan OP, Lall D, Pall RN, Negi SS (1980). Note on tannins in tree fodders. Indian Journal of Animal Science 50:881-883. |
|
|
Lonsdale C (1989). Raw Materials for Animal Feed Compounders and Farmers. Chalcombe Publications. P. 88. |
|
|
McDonald P, Edwards RA, Greenhalgh JFD, Morgan CA (2002). Animal Nutrition, 6th ed, Prentice Hall, Harlow, England, London. |
|
|
McDonald P, Edwards RA, Greenhalgh JFD, Morgan CA, Sinclair LA, Wilkinson RG (2010). Animal Nutrition, 7thed, Prentice hall, Harlow, England, London. |
|
|
Mehanisho H, Butter LG, Carlson DM (1987). Dietary tannin and salivary praline-rich proteins; interactions, induction and defense mechanism. Annual Reviews on Nutrition 7:423-430. |
|
|
Melese D (2011). Effect of Supplementation of Hay with Graded Levels of Rapeseed Cake and Rice Bran Mixture on Feed Intake, Digestibility, Body weight Change and Carcass Characterstics of Farta Sheep. M.Sc. Thesis Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia. |
|
|
Okoli IC, Anunobi MO, Obua BE, Enemuo V (2003). Studies on selected browses of southeastern Nigeria with particular reference to their proximate and some endogenous anti-nutritional constituents. Livestock Research for Rural Development 15(9) |
|
|
Orwa C, Mutua A, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, Simons A (2009). Agroforestree Database: a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0. Access bleat: http://www.worldagroforestry.org/af/treedb/. Accessed date may 3, 2014. |
|
|
. |
|
|
Price ML, VanScoyoc S, Butler LG (1978). A critical evaluation of the vanillin reaction as an essay for tannin in sorghum grain. Journal of Agricultural Food and Chemistry 26:1214-1218. |
|
|
Pond WG, Church DC, Pond KR (1995). Basic Animal Nutrition and Feeding 4th ed.,. John Wiley and Sons, New York. |
|
|
Rajupreti C (2006). Nutrient content of feeds and fodder in Nepal. 1stEdition printed by Nirav printing and general order suppliers, Gwarko, NepalReed JD, Horvath PJ, Allen MS, Van Soest PJ (1985). Gravimetric determination of soluble phenolics including tannins from leaves by precipitation with trivalent ytterbium. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 36:255-261. |
|
|
Statistical Analysis System (SAS) (2008). SAS Version 9.2 User's Giude, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. |
|
|
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) (1997). Livestock development in Tigray: forage development strategy as a major entry point towards a sustainable minimum grazing system, Part I. Sustainable Development and Environmental Rehabilitation Program (SAERP), UNECA, Addis Ababa. |
|
|
VanSoest PJ (1982). Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminants. O and B books, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. |
|
|
VanSoest PJ, Robertson JB (1985). Methods of analysis of dietary neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Diary Science 74:3585-3597. |
|
|
Von Kaufmann R (1986). An introduction to the sub-humid zone of West Africa and the ILCA subhumid zone programme. In: Livestock systems research in Nigeria's sub-humid zone. Proceedings of the second ILCA/NAPRI symposium held in Kaduna, Nigeria, 29 Oct. - 2 Nov. 1984. ILCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. |
|
|
Waghorn GC, Reed J, Ndlovu LR (1999). Condensed tannins and herbivore nutrition. In Proceedings of the XVIII International Grassland Congress. Association Management Centre Calgary 3:153. |
|
|
Woods CD, Tiwari B, Plumb VE, Powell CJ, Roberts BT, Sirimane VDP, Rositer JT Gill M (1994). Interspecies differences and variability with time of protein precipitation activity of extractable tannins, crude protein, ash and dry matter contents of leaves from 13 species of Nepalese fodder trees. Journal of Chemistry and Ecology 20:3149-3162. |
|
|
Yilkal T (2011). Supplementation with different forms of processed lupin (Lupinus albus) grain in hay based feeding of Washera sheep: effect on feed intake, digestibility, body weight gain and carcass parameters. MSc. Thesis, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia. |
|
|
Yohannes U (2011). Supplementation of different level of corn silage with linseed meal on performance of Black head Ogaden sheep fed grass hay. MSc. Thesis, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia. |
|
Copyright © 2025 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
