This study examines the complex role of traditional leaders in conflict dynamics and peacebuilding efforts within the communities of Umuebu and Amai in Delta State, Nigeria. Traditional leadership structures continue to hold significant influence in many African contexts, often operating alongside modern state institutions. In Umuebu and Amai, traditional rulers have been pivotal figures in both escalating and mitigating conflicts, particularly concerning land disputes and resource allocation. The research investigates how traditional leaders navigate between customary practices and formal governance frameworks, especially in conflict resolution contexts. Drawing on recent scholarship, this study explores the dual roles these leaders play in shaping community dynamics. It examines how their actions can either exacerbate tensions through partisan behavior or facilitate peace through their cultural legitimacy and local knowledge. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the study analyzes the historical context of conflicts in Umuebu and Amai, the mechanisms employed by traditional leaders in dispute resolution, and the challenges they face in maintaining social cohesion. The research also considers the impact of external factors, such as government policies and modernization, on the authority and effectiveness of traditional leadership in conflict management. The study concluded that traditional leaders in Umuebu and Amai play a significant role in both conflict escalation and peacebuilding, with their influence deeply embedded in community structures. While they serve as essential mediators in local disputes, their effectiveness in fostering peace depends on their ability to adapt to evolving societal expectations, work collaboratively with formal institutions, and uphold their legitimacy within the community. The study recommended among others that Delta State Government should establish mechanisms to regularly assess the effectiveness of traditional leaders in conflict resolution and peacebuilding, allowing for continuous improvement and adaptation of strategies.

Keywords: Traditional leaders, Peacebuilding, Land disputes, Conflict resolution, Umuebu, Amai