International Journal of
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

  • Abbreviation: Int. J. Plant Physiol. Biochem.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 2141-2162
  • DOI: 10.5897/IJPPB
  • Start Year: 2009
  • Published Articles: 113

Full Length Research Paper

Influence of the position of flowers buds on the tree on somatic embryogenesis of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)

Rodrigue Pouengue Boutchouang*
  • Rodrigue Pouengue Boutchouang*
  • Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, P. O. Box 812, Yaounde-Cameroon.
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Olive Flore Zebaze Akitio
  • Olive Flore Zebaze Akitio
  • Laboratory of Biochemistry and Plant Physiology, Department of Biological Science, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaounde I, P. O. Box 47, Yaounde- Cameroon.
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Audrey Germaine Ngouambe Tchouatcheu
  • Audrey Germaine Ngouambe Tchouatcheu
  • Laboratory of Biochemistry and Plant Physiology, Department of Biological Science, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaounde I, P. O. Box 47, Yaounde- Cameroon.
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Nicolas Niemenak
  • Nicolas Niemenak
  • Laboratory of Biochemistry and Plant Physiology, Department of Biological Science, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaounde I, P. O. Box 47, Yaounde- Cameroon.
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  •  Received: 22 February 2016
  •  Accepted: 26 May 2016
  •  Published: 31 August 2016

Abstract

The recalcitrance of Theobroma cacao L. to somatic embryogenesis, due to non-adapted physiological and metabolical responses to environmental stress, limits its propagation. The present work aims to ameliorate somatic embryogenesis in T. cacao throughout a physiological approach. For this purpose, the influence of the position of flowers buds used as explants was evaluated. Flowers buds were collected from different parts of the tree: orthotropic main stem (OS), primary plagiotropic fan branch (FI) and secondary plagiotropic fan branch (FII). Evolution of some biochemical parameters such as phenolic compounds, soluble sugars, proteins contents and peroxidase activity was followed at different steps of somatic embryogenesis, considering the origin of the explants used. Results obtained show that callogenesis is induced on all explants independently of their origin, with an 80% average frequency. Embryogenesis frequencies were ca 2 fold higher in staminodes-derived calluses from FII and FI than OS. Meanwhile petals of FII do not differentiate embryos. Biochemical analysis shows that the content of phenol is low in calluses during somatic embryo establishment. Explants from FII present the lowest values (after 49th days of culture). Sugars content decrease during callogenesis. When embryos are established the sugars content decrease in explants from OS. During the same period, proteins’ and phenols contents increased in staminodes-derived calluses from all origin; while there was decrease in petals from FI and FII. Buds from fan branch are suitable for somatic embryogenesis process and this capacity correlate with peroxidase activity which decrease during embryos dedifferentiation phase.

Key words: Theobroma cacao L., somatic embryogenesis, proteins, phenols compounds, soluble sugars, peroxidase activity, microclimate.

Copyright © 2023 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.

This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

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