Problems with p 6 Li plasma in a fusion reactor

Problems of using proton-Lithium-6 (p 6 Li) fuel are energy losses that occur in a fusion reactor. Investigating the energy balance equation in this fuel is significant. The p 6 Li reaction is termed aneutronic, as it produces relatively few neutrons and requires none for breeding. The energy from the charged reaction products can be directly converted to electrical power at a much higher efficiency than Deuterium-tritium (DT). In this paper, the approach of optimum performance of p 6 Li fuel in fusion reactors was presented investigating the energy balance equations for ions and electrons. The


INTRODUCTION
Choice of suitable fuel for fusion reactors is subject to several conditions especially in terms of economic, safety and environmental parameters, while it is very difficult to satisfy all of them.Risks resulting from the release of radioactive materials run as a result of activation of equipment and presence of tritium in the plasma system.Each fusion plasma Deuterium-tritium (DT) releases 17.6 MeV which turn into a kinetic energy with 3.5 MeV helium and 14.1 MeV neutron (Yu and Yu, 2009).reproduction of tritium has more problem and it produces a radial space resulting from blanket of lithium (Stott, 2005).The deuteron-deuteron (DD) fusion plasmas are very attractive since deuterium is abundant and it eliminates the need for breed tritium.The produced neutrons are not a lot and they have less energy than DT plasma.However, there is atmospheric pollution due to tritium production through DD fusion plasmas.D 3 He plasma is called aneutronic which produces relatively few neutrons and nothing is needed for breeding.Energy resulted from the charged products can directly change into the electric power in a much higher efficiency than DT.Thus, to do the same radioactivity as the DT, higher temperatures 50 to 100 keV are needed.In general, one of the most important alternatives in future fusion reactors *Corresponding author.E-mail: Bahmanix22@yahoo.com.
Author(s) agree that this article remain permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License  (Momota et al., 1980).(2) However, the share of "cleanless" has not been done in D 3 He completely due to production of neutrons and tritium through the DD side fusion plasma with equal probability as follows: Since tritium does radioactive decay and neutron irradiation influences the reactor equipment, it is necessary to take some methods to limit the radioactivity caused by neutrons in order to prevent from releasing radioactive tritium.Another aneutronic fusion plasma is the plasma of proton with the lithium-6 (p 6 Li).This plasma: is proposed due to the little load of both components.
Helium-3 would regress to plasma in the catalyzed mode and the plasma provides a very attractive net Q-value.This plasma is not ignitable in low temperatures and it has a very much energy losses in a fusion reactor.Therfore, the study of problems with p 6 Li plasma in a fusion reactor is significant.

THE PROPERTIES OF P 6 LI PLASMA
DT fusion reactors inherently encounter with economic and environmental challenges.Therefore, it is strongly emphasized to use a proper alternative among the advanced plasmas.In aneutronic fusion, instead of neutron, most of the energy is released through charged particles.In case of aneutronic plasmas such as D (3) utilizes condensable plasma ( 6 Li); and (4) high-temperature for ignition (Mily, 1981).

ENERGY BALANCE IN P 6 LI PLASMA
It is necessary in the reactors that the input power be sufficiently low when it is compared to the power output for production of a great net power.The study of the p 6 Li plasma is important in equilibrium state.The conditions is different for "ideal ignition" and "ignition" cases.In "ideal ignition" which are lower sets for the operating temperature in the plasma.In "ignition" mode is restricted; the pressure, energy confinement time, and temperature for the plasma in stable mode under real condition.The mode of ignition is more practical in this plasma.It is assumed without external power for sustentation of the p 6 Li plasma.Here, ion and electron energy balance equations reviewed for this plasma.Ion energy balance equation as:  .

CONCLUSION
This study is showed that for the ignition of p 6 Li fuel in a fusion reactor, two important problems would emerge; the lossed energy and the need for high-temperature electrons and ions.
reaction has two major disadvantages: (1) It hurts the reactor equipments due to the production of neutron, (2)

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Cross -section as a function of energy for different plasmas(Momota et al., 1980).

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Average reactivity as a function of ion temperature for different plasmas(Momota et al., 1980).
released tritium and the problems with radioactive wastes decreased.Neutron is produced indirectly through DD and DT side plasmas.D 3 He fusion reactor suffers from the following disadvantages: (1) Helium-3 is only available through the decay of tritium in proton bomb and also in the future space exploitation programs while just a few countries can afford it or it is produced in the fusion of deuterium-tritium; (2) D 3 He needs a higher temperature, a more beta and a better containment than DT plasma.p 6 Li fusion reaction is an aneutronic advanced fuel.Figures 1 and 2 show a cross-section in terms of energy and average reactivity versus ion temperature for different plasmas, respectively.The p 6 Li fusion plasma has advantages: (1) decreases neutron production; (2) no need for Lithium blanket requirement; (3) reduces tritium inventory; (4) direct electrical conversion; (5) optimum chain plasma features.Unfortunately, it has disadvantages including: (1) high bremsstrahlung radiation

Figure 3 .Figure 4 .
Figure 3. PB/Pf as a function of (a) Ti (b)  (red color for ln 20  and green color ln 5  ).