January 2007

Patient dose reduction methods in computerized tomography procedures: A review

Health hazards are associated with medical exposures to ionizing radiation, including during Computed Tomography (CT) procedures. Rapidly increasing number of CT facilities worldwide is accompanied by enhanced staff, patient and public radiation doses and these needs to be controlled to minimize health risks. This paper reviews the relevant patient and CT scanning parameters that influence patient dose during the common...

Author(s): M. A. AWEDA and R. A. AROGUNDADE

January 2007

Comparative study on the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of dyes onto acid activated low cost carbon

Batch experiments are carried out for the sorption of Congo red, Malachite green and Rhodamine B dyes onto acid activated carbon. The operating variables studied are initial dye concentration, pH, temperature and contact time. The equilibrium data are fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. From these the adsorption efficiency, adsorption energy, adsorption capacity, intensity of adsorption and...

Author(s): M. Hema and S. Arivoli

January 2007

Precision of sensitivity in the design optimization of indeterminate structures

Design sensitivity is central to most optimization methods. The analytical sensitivity expression for an indeterminate structural design optimization problem can be factored into a simple determinate term and a complicated indeterminate component. Sensitivity can be approximated by retaining only the determinate term and setting the indeterminate factor to zero. The optimum solution is reached with the approximate...

Author(s): Surya N. Patnaik, Shantaram S. Pai and Dale A. Hopkins