Journal of
AIDS and HIV Research

  • Abbreviation: J. AIDS HIV Res.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 2141-2359
  • DOI: 10.5897/JAHR
  • Start Year: 2009
  • Published Articles: 302

Full Length Research Paper

Unveiling gender disparities and State dynamics in HIV viral suppression: Insights from Southern Nigeria

Clifford A. Umeh1
  • Clifford A. Umeh1
  • 1Heartland Alliance Limited by Guarantee (HALG), Nigeria.
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Oluwatosin T. Ogungbade2*
  • Oluwatosin T. Ogungbade2*
  • 2West Africa Centre for Public Health and Development (WACPHD), an affiliate of the Institute of Global Public Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Omololuoye B. Majekodunmi1
  • Omololuoye B. Majekodunmi1
  • 1Heartland Alliance Limited by Guarantee (HALG), Nigeria.
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Bartholomew B. Ochonye1
  • Bartholomew B. Ochonye1
  • 1Heartland Alliance Limited by Guarantee (HALG), Nigeria.
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Ogonnaya G. Kanu-Oji1
  • Ogonnaya G. Kanu-Oji1
  • 1Heartland Alliance Limited by Guarantee (HALG), Nigeria.
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Blessing O. Airiagbonbu1
  • Blessing O. Airiagbonbu1
  • 1Heartland Alliance Limited by Guarantee (HALG), Nigeria.
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John P. Mbah1
  • John P. Mbah1
  • 1Heartland Alliance Limited by Guarantee (HALG), Nigeria.
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Amaka Ezeadikwa1
  • Amaka Ezeadikwa1
  • 1Heartland Alliance Limited by Guarantee (HALG), Nigeria.
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Nurudeen Agboola1
  • Nurudeen Agboola1
  • 1Heartland Alliance Limited by Guarantee (HALG), Nigeria.
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Oluwatoyin Adegbite1
  • Oluwatoyin Adegbite1
  • 1Heartland Alliance Limited by Guarantee (HALG), Nigeria.
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Elijah Mmokutmfon1
  • Elijah Mmokutmfon1
  • 1Heartland Alliance Limited by Guarantee (HALG), Nigeria.
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, Obinna Chigbundu1
  • , Obinna Chigbundu1
  • 1Heartland Alliance Limited by Guarantee (HALG), Nigeria.
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Okpanachi Momoh1
  • Okpanachi Momoh1
  • 1Heartland Alliance Limited by Guarantee (HALG), Nigeria.
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Grace Omubo1
  • Grace Omubo1
  • 1Heartland Alliance Limited by Guarantee (HALG), Nigeria.
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Chidinma Chiekwe1
  • Chidinma Chiekwe1
  • 1Heartland Alliance Limited by Guarantee (HALG), Nigeria.
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Kalada Green2
  • Kalada Green2
  • 2West Africa Centre for Public Health and Development (WACPHD), an affiliate of the Institute of Global Public Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Onyeka Igboelina3
  • Onyeka Igboelina3
  • 3Office of HIV and TB, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Abuja, Nigeria.
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Dolapo Ogundehin3
  • Dolapo Ogundehin3
  • 3Office of HIV and TB, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Abuja, Nigeria.
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Gbenga Asaolu3
  • Gbenga Asaolu3
  • 3Office of HIV and TB, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Abuja, Nigeria.
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Chika Obiora-Okafo3
  • Chika Obiora-Okafo3
  • 3Office of HIV and TB, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Abuja, Nigeria.
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Augustine Idemudia3
  • Augustine Idemudia3
  • 3Office of HIV and TB, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Abuja, Nigeria.
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Chukwuka Nwadike3
  • Chukwuka Nwadike3
  • 3Office of HIV and TB, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Abuja, Nigeria.
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Babatunde Oyawola3
  • Babatunde Oyawola3
  • 3Office of HIV and TB, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Abuja, Nigeria.
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Betty Pius3
  • Betty Pius3
  • 3Office of HIV and TB, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Abuja, Nigeria.
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Bayo Onimode3
  • Bayo Onimode3
  • 3Office of HIV and TB, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Abuja, Nigeria.
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Kunle Kakanfo3
  • Kunle Kakanfo3
  • 3Office of HIV and TB, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Abuja, Nigeria.
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Kingston Omo-Emmanuel3
  • Kingston Omo-Emmanuel3
  • 3Office of HIV and TB, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Abuja, Nigeria.
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Pamela Gado3
  • Pamela Gado3
  • 3Office of HIV and TB, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Abuja, Nigeria.
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Moses Katbi3
  • Moses Katbi3
  • 3Office of HIV and TB, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Abuja, Nigeria.
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David Onime3
  • David Onime3
  • 3Office of HIV and TB, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Abuja, Nigeria.
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Ezekiel James3
  • Ezekiel James3
  • 3Office of HIV and TB, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Abuja, Nigeria.
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Jemeh Pius3
  • Jemeh Pius3
  • 3Office of HIV and TB, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Abuja, Nigeria.
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Omosalewa Oyelaran3
  • Omosalewa Oyelaran3
  • 3Office of HIV and TB, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Abuja, Nigeria.
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Adebobola Bashorun4
  • Adebobola Bashorun4
  • 4National AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections Control and Hepatitis Programme (NASCP), Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria.
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Temitope Ilori,5
  • Temitope Ilori,5
  • 5National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA), Abuja Nigeria.
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Chukwuebuka Ejeckam2
  • Chukwuebuka Ejeckam2
  • 2West Africa Centre for Public Health and Development (WACPHD), an affiliate of the Institute of Global Public Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Blessing O. Airiagbonbu1
  • Blessing O. Airiagbonbu1
  • 1Heartland Alliance Limited by Guarantee (HALG), Nigeria.
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  •  Received: 07 September 2024
  •  Accepted: 30 October 2024
  •  Published: 31 March 2025

Abstract

This study aimed to elucidate gender disparities and state dynamics in HIV viral suppression within the context of Southern Nigeria, as part of the USAID-funded project "Accelerating Control of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Nigeria, Cluster 6" (ACE 6). The study employed an ex post facto research design and used multiple logistic regressions to analyze patient-level data for active Peo ple Living with HIV (PLHIV) in Bayelsa, Edo, and Lagos states. The dataset encompassed a diverse sample, providing a comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay of factors influencing viral suppression. The results indicated a notable gender-based discrepancy, with females showing a higher probability of virally unsuppressed status compared to males (Odds Adjusted Ratio [OAR]: 1.638; CI: 1.382-1.942). Marital status also played a significant role, especially for separated individuals, who exhibited an elevated likelihood of virally unsuppressed status (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 1.383; CI: 1.000-1.913). Geographical variations were evident, with residents in Edo (AOR: 0.358; CI: 0.254-0.504) and Lagos (AOR: 0.733; CI: 0.545-0.987) states showing a lower likelihood of achieving virally suppressed status compared to Bayelsa. The temporal aspect introduced by the duration of Multimonth Dispensing revealed that a 60-day duration (AOR: 1.144; CI: 1.008-1.299) was associated with an increased likelihood of a virally unsuppressed outcome, while a 180-day duration (AOR: 0.797; CI: 0.729-0.871) was linked to a decreased likelihood of unsuppressed status. This study highlights the complex relationships between demographic variables and viral suppression outcomes among PLHIV in Southern Nigeria, providing valuable insights for biomedical models and interventions in HIV care in this region.

Key words: Gender-based disparity, viral load outcome, multimonth dispensing duration, marital status influence, state variances.

Copyright © 2025 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.

This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

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