Abstract

The use of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) has led to the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), which are defined by the WHO as any unintended or excessive response to a drug. ADRs are influenced by both the impact of the disease on the immune system and the safety profile of ARVs. Pharmacovigilance is crucial in identifying and preventing such ADRs. The present study aims to assess the post-ADR (pADR) frequency among PLHIV in Nairobi County. A prospective descriptive research design with a quantitative approach was used to examine PLHIV registered at Comprehensive Care Clinics (CCC) in Nairobi from 2014 to 2019. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were employed to select participants. The study assessed the frequency and outcomes of pADRs, analysing data through descriptive and inferential statistics. Categorical variables were summarized using frequencies and percentages, while continuous variables were analysed using means and medians. Statistical significance was determined using ANOVA, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and Student's test. The findings showed that PLHIV who experienced ADRs had increased risks of complications and reduced retention in care. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between pADR occurrence and socio-demographic factors, with knowledge gaps on ADRs contributing to their recurrence. The study provides crucial insights into the management of pADRs in PLHIV, recommending policy changes to improve the care and retention of patients in CCCs. Sensitizing healthcare providers and patients about ADRs is essential for reducing their occurrence and improving overall patient outcomes.

Key words: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs), people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHIV), antiretroviral drugs (ARVs), people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHIV), post adverse drug reactions (pADRs), comprehensive care clinics (CCC), frequency, lost to follow-up.