Journal of
African Studies and Development

  • Abbreviation: J. Afr. Stud. Dev
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 2141-2189
  • DOI: 10.5897/JASD
  • Start Year: 2009
  • Published Articles: 247

Full Length Research Paper

A pathway to peace and dignity: Adaptive and community-based WASH interventions in fragile settings of Somalia

Dipankar Datta
  • Dipankar Datta
  • Norwegian Church Aid, Banadir District, Mogadishu, Somalia.
  • Google Scholar


  •  Received: 29 April 2025
  •  Accepted: 16 June 2025
  •  Published: 31 July 2025

References

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Agricultural Development Bank (ADB) (2018). Clean Water, Sanitation Services Bring Peace, Social Harmony to Rural Somalia, 21 June 2018. African Development Bank. Available at:

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Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development (ACTED) (2024). Somalia: Integrated Support for IDPs and Communities Affected by Drought, Flood, and Conflict. News and Press Release on 22 October 2024. Available at:

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Global WASH Cluster (2019). Guidance on market based programming: For humanitarians WASH practitioners. Version 1, April 2019. Global WASH Cluster Technical Working Group for WASH and Market Based Programming. Accessed on 18 April 2025. Available at: 

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Hashi F, Johnston D, Kemoh S (2016). Public water utility versus private, the case of Burao and Borama, Somaliland: a comparison of PPP and semi-state water utility management models.
 

House S, Ferron S, Sommer M, Cavill S (2014). Violence, gender and WASH: a practitioners' toolkit Making water, sanitation and hygiene safer through improved programming. Humanitarian Exchange 60:11. Available at:

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Llamazares M (2024). WASH for Peace Guidance and Tools. UNICEF. Available at:

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Mansuri G, Rao V (2013). Can participation be induced? Some evidence from developing countries. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 16(2):284-304.
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Mourad AK (2022). Post-conflict development, reviewing the water sector in Somalia. Environment Development and Sustainability 25(2):1326-1350.
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Muse NA (2025). Endline Evaluation of the Norad 2020-2024 Somalia Civil Society Programme: Assessing Impact, Sustainability, and Lessons Learn for Future Programme for NCA. Centre for Research and Communication (CRC).
 
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Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) (2022). The Life-Changing Drops: Narations on the Impact of the NCA CR-WASH Sector in Somalia. Norwegian Church Aid (NCA).
 
Nor MI (2025). Examining climate-smart local economic development in Somalia: Insights from Hudur City. Sustainable Environment 11(1):2483552.
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Sayid YM (2024). Climate Change and WASH; Response and Adaptation in Somali Regional State, Ethiopia. LinkedIn paper. Available at:

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Sikder M, Mirindi P, String G, Lantagne DS (2020). "Delivering drinking water by truck in humanitarian contexts: results from mixed-methods evaluations in Democratic Republic of Congo and Bangladesh". Environmental Science and Technology 54(8):5041-5050.
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SREO (2024). Evaluation of Joint Resilience Programme in South-Central Somalia from 2018 to 2022. Decentralized Evaluation Report, 23 June 2024, UNICEF and WFP. SREO Consulting. Available at:

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Tidwell B (2022). Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Research and Learning Agenda. World Vision. Available at:

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Tsekleves E, Braga MF, Abongec C, Santana M, Pickup R, Anchang KY, Pippo TD, Sempleh K, Royh M (2022). Community engagement in water, sanitation and hygiene in sub-Saharan Africa: does it WASH?. Review Article. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development12(2):143-156.
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United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) (2014). CLTS in Fragile and Insecure Contexts: Experience from Somalia and South Sudan. December 2014. United Nations Children's Fund, Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office. Available at:

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WaterAid (2021). Programme guidance for climate resilient WASH. October 2021. Available at:

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Were R, Odongo T (2018). Transformation Towards Sustainable and Resilient WASH Services. Public private partnerships in emergencies: case of Dollow Water Management Company, Gedo region, Somalia. Paper 2879. 41st WEDC International Conference, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya. Available at:

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UNICEF (2022). Somalia National WASH M&E System Assessment: Deep Dive Report. WASH Fact Sheet. Available at:

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