Full Length Research Paper
References
Aleri JW, Nguhiu-Mwangi J, Mogoa EM, Mulei CM (2012). Welfare of dairy cattle in the smallholder (zero-grazing) production systems in Nairobi and its environs. Livestock Research for Rural Development 24:159. |
|
Costa JHC, Cantor MC, Adderley NA, Neave HW (2019). Key animal welfare issues in commercially raised dairy calves: social environment, nutrition, and painful procedures. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 99(4):649-660. |
|
De Paula VA, Von Keyserlingk MAG, Weary DM (2010). Effects of pair versus single housing on performance and behavior of dairy calves before and after weaning from milk. Journal of Dairy Science 93(7):3079-3085. |
|
Fentie T, Guta S, Mekonen G, Temesgen W, Melaku A, Asefa G, Tesfaye S, Niguse A, Abera B, Kflewahd FZ, Hailu B, Begna F, Worku Z (2020). Assessment of major causes of calf mortality in urban and peri-urban dairy production system of Ethiopia. Veterinary Medicine International 3075429. |
|
Gitau GK, Aleri JW, Mbuthia PG, Mulei CM (2010). Causes of calf mortality in the peri-urban area of Nairobi, Kenya. Tropical Animal Health and Production 42(8):1643-1647. |
|
Gitau GK, McDermott JJ, Waltner-Toews D, Lissemore KD, Osumo JM, Muriuki D (1994). Factors influencing calf morbidity and mortality in smallholder dairy farms in Kiambu district of Kenya. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 21(2):167-177. |
|
Kathambi EK, VanLeeuwen J, Gitau GK, McKenna SL (2018). A cross-sectional study of the welfare of calves raised in smallholder dairy farms in Meru, Kenya. Veterinary World 11(8):1094-1101. |
|
Kathambi EK, VanLeeuwen JA, Gitau GK, Revie CW (2019). Assessment of farmers' compliance in implementing recommended cow comfort changes and their effects on lying time, stall and cow cleanliness within smallholder dairy farms in Kenya. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 172:104784. |
|
Kauppinen T, Valros A, Vesala KM (2013). Attitudes of dairy farmers toward cow welfare in relation to housing, management, and productivity. Anthrozoos 26(3):405-420. |
|
Kilungo JK (1999). An economic analysis of smallholder dairy production in Kiambu district, Kenya. Ph.D. thesis, University of Nairobi, Kenya. |
|
Kimeli P, VanLeeuwen J, Gitau GK, Heider LC, McKenna SL, Greenwood SJ, Richards S (2021b). Evaluation of environmental and comfort improvements on affective welfare in heifer calves on smallholder dairy farms. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 189:105296. |
|
Kimeli P, VanLeeuwen J, Gitau GK, Heider LC, McKenna SL, Greenwood SJ (2020). Management factors associated with time-to-onset and fecal egg/oocyst counts of gastrointestinal parasites in heifer calves on Kenyan smallholder farms. Veterinary Parasitology 283:109174. |
|
Kimeli P, VanLeeuwen J, Gitau GK, Heider LC, McKenna SL, Greenwood SJ (2021a). Effect of housing improvements on the growth of heifer calves on Kenyan smallholder farms. Tropical Animal Health and Production 53:120. |
|
KNBS (2019). Volume I: Population by county and sub county. Kenya population and housing census. |
|
Makau DN, VanLeeuwen JA, Gitau GK, McKenna SL, Walton C, Muraya J, Wichtel JJ (2019a). Effects of calliandra and sesbania supplementation on weight gain in dairy calves on smallholder farms in Kenya. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 172:104787. |
|
Makau D, VanLeeuwen JA, Gitau GK, McKenna SL, Walton C, Muraya J, Wichtel JJ (2019b). Livelihood impacts of Calliandra calothyrsus and Sesbania sesban: Supplementary feed in smallholder dairy farms in Kenya. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics 11(10):234-246. |
|
Makau DN, VanLeeuwen JA, Gitau GK, Muraya J, McKenna SL, Walton C, Wichtel JJ (2018). Effectiveness of using cellphone technology as a dairy management training tool for smallholder dairy farms in Kenya. Livestock Research for Rural Development 30: 195. |
|
Mellor JD (2016). Updating animal welfare thinking: Moving beyond the "five freedoms" towards "a life worth living". Animals 6(3):21. |
|
Mellor JD (2017). Operational details of the five domains model and its key applications to the assessment and management of animal welfare. Animals 7(8):60. |
|
Murshed-E-Jahan K, Pemsl DE (2011). The impact of integrated aquaculture-agriculture on small-scale farm sustainability and farmers' livelihoods: Experience from Bangladesh. Agricultural Systems 104(5):392-402. |
|
Nguhiu-Mwangi J, Aleri JW, Mogoa EGM, Mbithi PMF (2013). Indicators of poor welfare in dairy cows within smallholder zero-grazing units in the peri-urban areas of Nairobi, Kenya. In: Insights from Veterinary Medicine. InTech. |
|
Norring M, Manninen E, Passillé AM, Rushen J, Saloniemi H (2010). Preferences of dairy cows for three-stall surface materials with small amounts of bedding. Journal of Dairy Science 93(1):70-4. |
|
Oreszczyn S, Lane A, Carr S (2010). The role of networks of practice and webs of influencers on farmers 'engagement with and learning about agricultural innovations. Journal of Rural Studies 26(4):404-417. |
|
Reddy KE, Jeong J, Baek YC, Oh YK, Kim M, So KM, Lee HJ (2017). Early weaning of calves after different dietary regimens affects later rumen development, growth, and carcass traits in Hanwoo cattle. Asian-Australas. Journal of Animal Science 30(10):1425-1434. |
|
Rushton J, Thornton PK, Otte MJ (1999). Methods of economic impact assessment. Revue scientifique et technique 18(2):315-42. |
|
Santos GD, Bittar CMM (2015). A survey of dairy calf management practices in some producing regions in Brazil. Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia 44(10):361-370. |
|
Wambui JM, Lamuka P, Karuri EG, Matofari JW (2018). Animal welfare knowledge, attitudes, and practices of stockpersons in Kenya. Anthrozoos 31(4):397-410. |
|
Wathes DC, Pollott GE, Johnson KF, Richardson H, Cooke JS (2014). Heifer fertility and carry over consequences for lifetime production in dairy and beef cattle. Animal 1:91-104. |
|
Webb LE, Veenhoven R, Harfeld JL, Jensen MB (2019). What is animal happiness? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1438(1):62-76. |
|
Williams DR, Pithua P, Garcia A, Champagne J, Haines DM, Aly SS (2014). Effect of three colostrum diets on passive transfer of immunity and preweaning health in calves on a California dairy following colostrum management training. Veterinary Medicine International 698741. |
Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0