ABSTRACT
This study was conducted in Palestine, the Gaza strip in Khan Younis City. The study aimed at analyzing petrol stations locations in Khan Younis City. It used geographic information system (GIS) based multi standard analysis. 25 petrol stations are available in Khan Younis City, distributed in 11 neighborhoods. A preview was created about the different petrol stations in Khan Younis City. This outline includes the actual status map, default geographical status map, the standard distance for the distribution map, the directional distribution map, and Areas of specialization areal map, the Petrol stations in Khan Younis City. Spatial analysis of the distribution of Petrol stations was performed through basic 4 standards. The first standard is "The minimum distance between the location of the station and facilities of services (schools, hospitals, wedding halls, nursing homes, factories) for 80 m" show that there are 16 petrol station committed to the first standard, while 11 petrol station in violation of the first standard of 25 petrol station. The second standard is "The minimum distance between the location of the station and craft shops that use flame in its work for 10 m", show that there are 19 petrol station committed to the second standard, while the 6 petrol station in violation of the second standard of 25 petrol station. The third standard " The minimum distance between the location of the station and the limits of military facilities for 300 m, counted from the outer limits of the station" show that there are 21 petrol station committed to the third standard, while the 4 petrol station in violation of the third standard of 25 petrol station. The fourth standard is “The horizontal distance between the station boundaries and the electricity high pressure lines not less than 10 m" show that there are 24 petrol station committed to the fourth standard, while the 1 petrol station in violation of the fourth standard of 25 petrol station standard. And finally the researcher found a direct correlation relationship between population density and the number of stations in every neighborhood.
Key words: Spatial analysis, geographic information system (GIS), petrol, station, Khan-Younis.
A petrol station, petrol station, fueling station, or service station is a facility which sells fuel and lubricants for vehicles; the most common fuel sold is petrol and kerosene. Petrol station is a retail establishment where
motor vehicles are refueled, lubricated, serviced, and sometimes repaired. Petrol stations should be located not only where they are in fact accessible but where they can be easily located by strangers and that, in details, they should be placed where they will be little danger and congestion as possible. Most petrol stations sell petrol or diesel, some carry specialty fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), natural gas, hydrogen, biodiesel, kerosene, or butane while the rest add shops to their primary business, and convenience stores {Ayodele, 2011; Abdul Hamid et al., 2009).
Problem statement
The increase in urban population and the growth of the number of cars and other vehicles generate various kinds of demands, one of which is fuel. A considerable amount of cars fuel is wasted due to the long urban paths and unnecessary trips. Increase in vehicles triggered increasing demands for fuel and by extension fuel station, since engines are made to use petroleum products and Petrol station are the places where fuel is sold. Petrol station, petrol station, gas station or petroleum outlet is defined as any land, building or equipment used for the sale or dispensing of petrol or oil for motor vehicles or incidental thereto and includes the whole of the land, building or equipment whether or not the use as a petrol station is the predominant use or is only a part thereof. Most petrol stations sell petrol or diesel, some carry specialty fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), natural gas, hydrogen, biodiesel, kerosene, or butane while the rest add shops to their primary business (Ayodele, 2011; Abdul Hamid et al., 2009).
Geographic information systems (GIS) approaches and related products have been widely used in the people’s daily life. GIS provide the appropriate tools for analyzing the effective factors on spatial data and non-spatial data (Keeble, 1968). It is powerful computer-based tools for the capture, storage, management, retrieval, query, analysis and presentation of spatial data. GIS ability as spatial data processing and analyses tools available can be used to manage a wide range of Information (Keeble, 1968; Mc-Lafferty, 2003; Richards et al., 1999; Mohammed et al., 2005; Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, 2007).
Aim of the study
The main aim of this study is to analyze the spatial distribution of petrol stations in Khan Younis City using GIS-based Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA). The aim of this research can be summarized as analysis of petrol stations locations in Khan Younis City.
Study area
This study was conducted in Palestine, Gaza strip, Khan Younis City. Khan Younis is a Palestinian city, the center of Khan Younis, located in the southern part of the Gaza Strip, and Jerusalem away from the distance of 100 km to the south-west. It is bordered to the south of Rafah and north of Deir El-Balah, a coastal province overlooking the Mediterranean Sea to the west and on the east by Israel. considered Khan Younis, the second largest city in the Gaza Strip in terms of population and area after the Gaza City, where the number of today its population nearly 200,000 people, which represents 17% of the population of the Gaza Strip. As an area of 54 km2, making it one of the most densely populated Palestinian cities (Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, 2007).
Khan Younis City is one of the five Governorates in the Gaza Strip which is administered by Palestine, aside from its border with Israel, airspace and maritime territory. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the City had a population of 280,000 in 2007; its land area is 69.61% urban, 12.8% rural and 17.57% comprising the Khan Younis refugee camp (Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, 2007) (Figure 1 and 2).
There are several steps in this study as follows:
1. A preliminary survey was carried out to identify and document Petrol station in Khan Younis City. This acquainted the researcher with the knowledge of the area and provide guide on how to source the data, types of data needed and preparation for the field work.
2. Transform all the above mentioned data in an appropriate way with ArcGIS software.
3. Preparing the basic maps for the study area including Khan Younis City GIS maps to create preview of Khan Younis City in 2016 of:
a. The actual status of the Petrol stations in Khan Younis City.
b. The default geographical status (the default status) of the Petrol stations in Khan Younis city.
c. The standard distance for the distribution of the Petrol stations in Khan Younis city.
d. The directional distribution of the Petrol stations in Khan Younis City.
e. Areas of specialization areal of the Petrol stations in Khan Younis City.
4. Spatial analysis of the distribution of Petrol stations through the four basic standards:
a. The minimum distance between the location of the station and facilities of services (schools, hospitals, wedding halls, nursing homes, factories) for 80 m.
b. The minimum distance between the location of the station and craft shops that use flame in its work for 10 m.
c. The minimum distance between the location of the station and the limits of military facilities for 300 m, counted from the outer limits of the station.
d. The horizontal distance between the station boundaries and the electricity high pressure lines not less than 10 m.
5. Perform statistical techniques on the data to investigate the relations between (density of Neighborhoods population with petrol stations numbers, neighborhoods distances with number of Petrol stations numbers in it).
A preliminary survey of petrol stations in Khan Younis City
A preliminary survey of Khan Younis City petrol stations was carried out to identify, document and create GIS preview of Khan Younis City in 2016 Khan Younis City contain 25 Petrol stations distributed on all Khan Younis neighborhoods (Table 1).
GIS maps
The basic maps for the study area including Khan Younis City GIS maps prepared to create actual and default geographical status (the default status), the standard distance for the distribution, directional distribution, and areas of specialization areal of the petrol stations in Khan Younis City.
The entire field survey has been done for the city of Khan Younis, according to the division of neighborhoods by the Khan Younis Municipality maps, to determine the number and distribution of petrol station and its locations on the GIS map are shown in Figure 3, petrol stations distributed on all Khan Younis neighborhoods.
Khan Younis City has 25 Petrol stations distributed on 12 neighbors. The center of spatial gravity of the petrol stations which is located in Al Sheikh Nasser neighborhood (Figure 4 and 5).
Through a measuring mechanism of the geographical center by using GIS programs possibilities and through which the monitoring the various elements of the current situation for the distribution of petrol stations at the city of Khan Younis and the geographic center of the petrol stations was located in the neighborhood of Sheikh
Nasser (Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9).
Spatial analysis of the distribution of petrol stations through the four basic standards
The minimum distance between the location of the station and facilities of services (schools, hospitals, wedding halls, nursing homes, factories) was 80 m.
As shown in Figure 10, the petrol stations are classified in terms of the first standard, which stipulates that the minimum distance between the location of the station and facilities of services (schools, hospitals, wedding halls, nursing homes, factories) for 80 m calculated from the outer limits of the station.
As shown that there are 16 petrol station is committed to the first standard, while the 11 petrol station in violation of the first standard of 25 petrol station.
The minimum distance between the location of the station and craft shops that use flame in its work for 10 m.
As shown in Figure 11, the petrol stations are classified in terms of the second standard, which stipulates that the minimum distance between the location of the station and craft shops that use flame in its work for 10 m.
As shown that there are 19 petrol station is committed to the second standard, while the 6 petrol station in violation of the second standard of 25 petrol station.
The minimum distance between the location of the station and the limits of military facilities for 300 m, counted from the outer limits of the station.
As shown in Figure 12, the petrol stations are classified in terms of the third standard, which stipulates that the minimum distance between the location of the station and the limits of military facilities for 300 m, counted from the outer limits of the station.
As shown that there are 21 petrol station is committed to the third standard, while the 4 petrol station in violation of the third standard of 25 petrol station.
The horizontal distance between the station boundaries and the electricity high pressure lines was less than 10 m.
As shown in Figure 13, The petrol stations are classified in terms of the fourth standard, which stipulates that the horizontal distance between the station boundaries and the electricity high pressure lines not less than 10 m.
As shown that there are 24 petrol station committed to the fourth standard, while 1 petrol station in violation of the fourth standard of 25 petrol stations.
Perform statistical techniques on the data to investigate the relations between densities of neighborhoods population with petrol stations numbers
A preliminary survey of the city of Khan Younis that it contains 25 petrol stations spread over 12 neighborhoods, here, the researcher will investigative and identify the relationship between density of neighborhoods population with petrol stations numbers, based upon the researcher will clarify whether the distribution of stations geographically proportional to the population density of each neighborhood or not.
Based on that, the relationship between population density and the number of stations in every neighborhood is a direct correlation, due to the planning and organization in Khan Younis municipality and the licensing authority.
Proposed locations for new petrol stations
The proposed location for new petrol stations is given in Figure 14.
This study was conducted in Palestine, Gaza strip, Khan Younis City. The aim of this study was to analyze the petrol station locations in Khan Younis City using the GIS based multi standard analysis. 25 petrol stations founded in Khan Younis City distributed on 11 neighborhoods, preliminary preview created of petrol stations in Khan Younis City, which include the actual status map, default geographical status map, the standard distance for the distribution map, the directional distribution map, and areas of specialization area map the petrol stations in Khan Younis City. Spatial analysis of the distribution of petrol stations performed through basic 4 standards.
The first standard is "The minimum distance between the location of the station and facilities of services (schools, hospitals, wedding halls, nursing homes, factories) for 80 meters" shown that there are 16 petrol station is committed to the first standard, while the 11 petrol station in violation of the first standard of 25 petrol station.
The second standard "The minimum distance between the location of the station and craft shops that use flame in its work for 10 m", shown that there are 19 petrol station is committed to the second standard, while the 6 petrol station in violation of the second standard of 25 petrol station.
The third standard " The minimum distance between the location of the station and the limits of military facilities for 300 m, counted from the outer limits of the station" shown that there are 21 petrol station is committed to the third standard, while the 4 petrol station in violation of the third standard of 25 petrol station.
The fourth standard " The horizontal distance between the station boundaries and the electricity high pressure lines not less than 10 meters" shown that there are 24 petrol station is committed to the fourth standard, while the 1 petrol station in violation of the fourth standard of 25 petrol station standard. And finally the researcher found a direct correlation the relationship between population density and the number of stations in every neighborhood.
1. Commitment when establishing new fuel stations to be proposed in areas that have been clarified in the search results.
2. Applying geographic analyzes of all petrol stations in the governorates of the Gaza Strip as one unit, in order for researchers, scholars and professionals to benefit from the analyzes.
3. Documenting GIS maps, plans and results of this research in the information base of the Ministry of National Economy and the Municipality of Khan Younis, so that they can return them in case of giving a license to set up a new petrol station.
4. Tightening of the legal proceedings and intimidating the owners of petrol stations to be in conformity with the standardslaid down.
5. Continuing monitoring by the licensing department and the Ministry of National Economy up, and inform the violation stations need to correct their wrongdoing.
6. Creation of green areas surrounding the petrol stations.
7. Harmonization of work between the electricity company and the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of National Economy and the Municipality of Khan Younis, to promote and raise the commitment level of the petrol
stations owners.
8. Conducting seminars and workshops for the owners of petrol stations, to strengthen the spirit of cooperation with researchers and scholars.
The authors have not declared any conflict of interests.
REFERENCES
|
Abdul Hamid B, Hj. Mar Iman, Ali I (2009). Site Potentiality of Petrol Stations Based on Traffic Counts, Centre for Real Estate Studies University Technology Malaysia ,Volume 4 No 1.
|
|
|
|
Ayodele SJ (2011). Spatial Distribution of Petroleum Petrol Station in Kaduna North.
View
|
|
|
|
Keeble RA (1968). The Mornington Peninsula Geological Survey of Victoria, Memoir 17.
|
|
|
|
Mc-Lafferty S (2003). Geographic Information Systems and Health Care, Annual Review, Public Health Reports, Vol. 24.
|
|
|
|
Mohammed A, Saad Al M, Malick A, Arif U (2005). Optimum Site Location of Petrol Pump: Integrating GIS with Mathematical Models, First Saudi GIS Symposium, November 22-23, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia Projected Mid -Year Population for Khan Younis Governorate by Locality 2004-2006.
|
|
|
|
Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (2007). Accessed annually report of Khan Younis City Small Area Populations, Palestine.
|
|
|
|
Richards T, Croner CM, Rushton G, Brown CK, Fowler L (1999). Geographic Information Systems and Public Health: Mapping the Future, Public Health Reports, Vol. 14.
|
