Journal of
Medicinal Plants Research

  • Abbreviation: J. Med. Plants Res.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 1996-0875
  • DOI: 10.5897/JMPR
  • Start Year: 2007
  • Published Articles: 3843

Full Length Research Paper

Anthelmintic activity of Artemisia annua in sheep-model

Ives Charlie da Silva
  • Ives Charlie da Silva
  • Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho(UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Pedro Melillo de Magalhães
  • Pedro Melillo de Magalhães
  • Centro Pluri-disciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas (CPQBA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Paulinia, SP, Brazil.
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Ilza Maria de Oliveira Sousa
  • Ilza Maria de Oliveira Sousa
  • Centro Pluri-disciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas (CPQBA), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Paulinia, SP, Brazil.
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Mary Ann Foglio
  • Mary Ann Foglio
  • Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Eduardo Leonardecz
  • Eduardo Leonardecz
  • Laboratório de Biologia Computacional do Departamento de Genética e Evolução da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil e Laboratório de Computação Científica da Universidade de Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Sérgio Novita Esteves
  • Sérgio Novita Esteves
  • Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste (CPPSE), São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Ana Carolina de Souza Chagas
  • Ana Carolina de Souza Chagas
  • Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste (CPPSE), São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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  •  Received: 12 December 2016
  •  Accepted: 11 January 2017
  •  Published: 17 February 2017

Abstract

Artemisia annua L. is a well-known source of artemisinin, an antimalarial drug. This compound has been used in traditional medicine to treat malaria for many years. The anthelmintic property of A. annua has also been attributed to artemisinin, hence the belief that artemisinin could be useful as an alternative anthelmintic to control Haemonchus contortus in livestock. The present study focused on evaluating the anthelmintic activity of A. annua against H. contortus by oral administration on infected sheep in a controlled clinical trial. The trial was conducted using 24 male sheep of the Santa Inês breed, with average weight of 20 kg, artificially infected with H. contortus (Embrapa 2010 isolate). The animals were kept in metabolic cages and randomly divided into four homogeneous groups with six animals each, being: (T1) negative control (untreated), (T2) positive control: 10 mg/kg BW of levamisole phosphate, (T3) fed 10% A. annua (0.2% BW), (T4) fed 20% A. annua (0.4% BW). EPG counts were conducted on days -3, -2, -1, 0 (treatment day), 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24 and 28 post-treatment. After extraction of the artemisinin in plant material, it was quantified in triplicate and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with infrared detection. The average efficacy in the positive control treated with levamisole was 89%. Moderate anthelmintic efficacy against H. contortus was observed in the groups fed 0.2 and 0.4% BW A. annua for 30 days (32.9 and 14.8%, respectively), mainly from day 21 post treatment (47.1 and 25.2%, respectively). At the highest dose, the animals avoided eating due to the compound’s bitter taste. It is concluded that A. annua presents moderate anthelmintic activity in sheep in both doses. The lowest dose was accepted by animals and seems to have practical use. Oral administration was safe and after further in vivo trials could be introduced in organic farms in tropical countries.

Key words: Artemisinin, sesquiterpenoids, gastrointestinal nematodes, control, veterinary ethnopharmacology.