March 2012
Prescreening evaluation of some plant extracts used in ethno- veterinary practices as antitrypanosomal agents
Extracts from some plants were screened for bioactive properties based on ethnopharmacolgical information on their potential as antitrypanosomal agent using brine shrimp lethality assay. After 24 h of exposure, the results of the experiment, which examines the effect of plant type, concentration effect and the interaction of the two factors were significant (P<0.001). The mean separation of the degree of activity of...
March 2012
Folk medicinal uses of indigenous plant species of Barroha, Bhara Kahu and Maanga in Islamabad, Pakistan
Ethnobotany is the study of mutual relationships of plants and people. An ethnomedicinal study covers the utilization of plants by the native people as remedy against various ailments. The aim of present study was to evaluate the folk medical uses of the study area. For this purpose, the study areas: Barroha, Bhara Kahu and Maanga had been visited regularly from October 2009 to February 2010. Semi-structured...
March 2012
Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in the management of opportunistic fungal infections in HIV/AIDS patients in the Amathole District of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
An estimated 5.7 million people were living with HIV and AIDS in South Africa in 2009, more than in any other country. Up to 90% of all HIV/AIDS patients develop opportunistic fungi infections (OFIs) at some point during the course of the disease and 10 to 20% dies as a direct consequence of these. Despite the broad use of medicinal plants in South Africa, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the use of such plants...
March 2012
Preparative separation of 3-O-methylkaempferol from Caragana leucophloea by high-speed counter-current chromatography and its antimicrobial activity
3-O-methylkaempferol was successfully separated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the crude ethanol extract from Caragana leucophloea by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) with n-hexane-chloroform-methanol-water-acetic acid (0.5:3.5:3.0:2.0:0.05, v/v) as the two-phase solvent system. 3-O-Methylkaempferol was examined to have strong antibacterial activity with the minimum inhibitory...
March 2012
Preliminary responses of 2, 4-D and BAP on callus initiation of an important medicinal-ornamental Hymenocallis littoralis plants
Hymenocallis littoralis locally known as Melong kecil is an ornamental plant traditionally believed to have medicinal properties. This study was done to identify the best concentration and combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) for the initiation and production of friable callus. Four (4) weeks old plant was used in this study. Bulb was dissected and cleaned (sterilized) using standard surface sterilization...
March 2012
Phytochemical constituents and allelopathic effect of Aloe ferox Mill. root extract on tomato
Phytochemical constituents of the root extract of Aloe ferox were estimated using standard quantitative analysis. The extract contained phenols, flavonoids, flavonols, tannins alkaloids and saponins in different proportions; with more of phenols and saponins. Allelopathic effect of the aqueous root extract of the plant on tomato was also investigated. The extract reduced the germination of the tomato seeds....
March 2012
Antimicrobial metabolites from the endophytic fungus Gliomastix murorum Ppf8 associated with the medicinal plant Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis
Two antimicrobial metabolites were obtained by bioassay-guided fractionation from the endophytic fungus Gliomastix murorum Ppf8 associated with the medicinal plant Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. By means of physicochemical and spectrometric analysis, they were identified as (1) ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol and (2) 2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-α,α-dimethyl-2-benzofuranmethanol. Both...
March 2012
Antimicrobial evaluation, determination of total phenolic and flavoniod contents in Zanthoxylum armatum DC
The ethanolic and n-hexane extracts of leaves, fruits and bark of Zanthoxylum armatumwere evaluated for their antimicrobial potential against bacteria (Micrococcus leutus,Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pasturella multcidia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Bacillus subtilis, and Streptococcus viridians) and fungi (Trichophyton longifusis, Candida albicans, Fusarium...
March 2012
Antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and chemical analysis of the flavonoid from Chaerophyllum macropodum (Boiss.)
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites produced mainly in almost all terrestrial plants and fruits, where they provide UV protection and color. They have a fused ring system consisting of an aromatic ring and a benzopyran ring with a phenyl substituent. Their biological activities have an impact on human health so that they serve as target molecules to develop new drugs. From methanolic extract of aerial parts...
March 2012
Post harvest treatments on shelf life of sweet orange "Valencia"
Post harvest treatments on shelf life of orange "Valencia" was conducted in a split plot with completely randomized design with 3 replications and 29 treatments at two levels of inoculation and no inoculation. The results show that maximum decay of fruits related to control treatment and lowest decay of fruits related to sodium bicarbonate and thiabendazole treatments. The least amount of weight loss was...
March 2012
The effect of drought stress and nitrogen levels on antioxidant enzymes, proline and yield of Indian Senna (Cassia angustifolia L.)
In order to study the effect of drought stress and nitrogen levels on antioxidant enzyme proline and yield of Cassia Angustifolia, an experiment was conducted in Agricultural Research Center, University of Zabol in 2010. Field experiment was carried out as split plot with completely randomized block design with 4 replications. Drought stress was set as the main factor with five levels (75, 70, 65, 60 and 55% field...
March 2012
Biological activity and a biflavonoid from Hypericum scabrum extracts
Flavonoids are present at very high concentrations in the several plant species. These compounds are known to have strong antioxidant activity and thus different beneficial effects on human health. In this study, ethyl acetate extract of aerial parts of Hypericum scabrum, a biflavonoid namely 5, 5″-dihydroxy-7, 4′, 7″, 4″′-tetramethoxybiflavone, has been...
March 2012
Elemental content of some anti-diabetic ethnomedicinal species of genus Ficus Linn. using atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique
Elemental investigation of some selected species of genus Ficus (Moraceae) having anti-diabetic property was conducted using atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique. The flame atomic absorption spectroscopy was employed for the estimation of element contents of different plant parts of seven different species including Ficus bengalensis, Ficus religiosa,Ficus microcarpa, Ficus...
March 2012
Production performance, egg quality and some serum metabolites of older commercial laying hens fed different levels of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa) powder
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of turmeric rhizome powder (TRP) on production performance, egg quality and some serum metabolites of older laying hens. A total of 240 hens (Hy-Line W-36) in their second laying cycle were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments (basal diet supplemented with 0.0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g kg-1TRP) with 12 replicates and 4 birds each. Results showed...
March 2012
Secondary Metabolites from Cinnamomum cebuense
Cinnamomum cebuense Kosterm (Lauraceae) is an endemic and endangered Philippine tree yielded used by local residents as remedy for stomach ache. Chromatographic separation of the dicloromethane extract of the bark of C. cebuense gave rise to safrole and eugenol which were identified by NMR spectroscopy. Safrole is a known hepatocarcinogen, while eugenol is reported to be cytotoxic. The dichloromethane...
March 2012
An innovative microwave-assisted extraction and antioxidant potential of polyphenols from different parts of Ocimum basilicum
Microwave-assisted extraction technique is widely used for the extraction of polyphenols from plant material due to high extraction efficiency, short time for extraction and less energy consumption. Due to such advantageous properties of this technique, microwave-assisted extraction was used for the extraction of polyphenols from different parts (seed, stem, and flower) of Ocimum basilicum by using three...
March 2012
Evaluation of water plantain (Alisma canaliculatum A. Br. et Bouche) and mistletoe (Viscum album L.) effects on broiler growth performance, meat composition and serum biochemical parameters
The present study was conducted to examine the potential use of water plantain (Alisma canaliculatum A. Br. et Bouche) and mistletoe (Viscum album L.) as alternative feed additives for broiler chickens. A total of 140 Ross broiler chicks were assigned to four dietary treatments over a five-week period. The dietary groups included; control (basal diet), antibiotic (basal diet + 0.005%...
March 2012
Physico-protein based dormancy in medicinal plant of Andrographis paniculata
Andrographis paniculata is an important medicinal herb in the family of the Acanthaceae. Low seed germination is one of the main problems in A. paniculata. The current study focused on the seed dormancy and effective methods to enhance the seed germination. For this purpose, two experiments were carried out: (1) Testing different mechanical and chemical scarification methods; (2) studying the impact of seed...
March 2012
Genetic variation and heritability estimation in Jatropha curcas L. population for seed yield and vegetative traits
An evaluation of six Jatropha curcas L. accessions was carried out at Field 10, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor. The aim of this study was to determine the seed yield and vegetative traits of the accessions, to estimate the genetic variability and heritability of the population and to study the relationships that exist among these traits. The experiment was conducted using...
March 2012
Volatile components and antimicrobial activity of Citrus sinensis var. mosammi leaves oil
The hydro-distilled essential oil of Citrus sinensis var. mosammi was analyzed by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Out of 18 components, 7 components were identified from their fragmentation pattern. Among the identified constituents, β-phyllendrene (27.544 %) was found as major component followed by 3 carene (7.630%), limonene (4.873%), β-pinene (3.278%), caryophyllene...
March 2012
Influence of defatted flaxseed diet on insulin sensitivity, vascular permeability and lipid profile in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus
The impact of flaxseed (FSD) intake, a rich source of alpha linolenic acid (ALA), fiber and lignans, on the cardiovascular system is well documented. However, mechanisms by which flaxseed improve cardiovascular health are not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary flaxseed on vascular permeability and endothelial function in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes in rats. Type 2...
March 2012
Cumulation of Tabernanthe Iboga alkaloid and its metabolite in organs of mice
The accumulation of Tabernanthe Iboga alkaloid ibogaine and its metabolite noribogaine in liver, kidney, spleen, heart, brain and muscle after administration directly into the stomach in white laboratory mice were studied. For this purpose a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with fluorescein as internal standart were chosen. Solid phase extraction (SPE) method was employed to isolate the...
March 2012
The isolation and structure identification of four Lignan’s stereoisomers from Uncaria sinensis (Oliv. ) Havil.
The study of the chemical constituents from Uncaria sinensis (oliv.) Havil. has resulted in the isolation and identification of four stereosturcture of lignans, which were identified as: (2R,3R,4S)-lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1); (2S,3S,4R)-lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2); (2S,3R,4S)-lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3);...
March 2012
Flavonoids from Uncaria sinensis (Oliv. ) Havil. and their inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase
Uncaria sinensis (Oliv.) Havil. has been widely used in China for many years. It has been used solely or along with some other herb medical plants by extracting them with water. The alkaloids, triterpenes, and flavonoids are the main constituents, especially alkaloids. Previous studies had focused on the isolation of alkaloids and their pharmacological activities. In this research, three flavonoids had been...
March 2012
A comparative study on antioxidant activity of water and ethanol extracts of ten Chinese herbs
A search of naturally occurring antioxidant compounds from plant sources might provide leads for the development of novel drugs, which may reduce the risk of chronic diseases caused by free radicals. An antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of the water and alcohol extracts of 10 herbs from local pharmacy were studied. The highest phenolic content of the water and alcohol extracts of BSR was found with 36.70...
March 2012
Analysis of stevioside in Stevia rebaudiana
Analysis of stevioside from Stevia rebaudiana was carried out using systematic procedures of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography yielding the crude stevioside in 12.5%. This procedure was followed by thin layer chromatography and examination of the spots under UV light at 254 and 366 nm, and spraying reagent followed by mixing of fractions on the basis of Rf values. Semi purified...
March 2012
Variations in basil antioxidant contents in relation to deficit irrigation
Secondary compounds, essential oils, and flavoring components of leaf tissues are often enhanced in response to environmental stress exposure. The objective of this study was to determine antioxidant contents of Omani basil under various water regimes including normal and stress conditions. The water stress increased antioxidant compounds in basil leaf tissues, and maximum amount of total phenolics and total...
March 2012
Free radical scavenging activity of extract from Ilex rotunda determined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy
Antioxidant activity of the extract from the barks of Ilex rotunda was investigated using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), alkyl, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals. The extract exhibited strong free radical scavenging activity with scavenging percentages of DPPH radical (82.2 ± 1.8%), alkyl radical (82.9 ± 1.7%), hydroxyl radical (89.9 ±...
March 2012
Astragalus polysaccharides induced gene expression profiling of intraepithelial lymphocytes in immune-suppressed mice
Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) possess a variety of immunomodulatory activities, but the regulation on mucosal immunity is not fully understood. In this study, immune suppression in mice was induced with cyclophosphamide treatment and APS was used as an intervention and was administrated at dosages of 3 g/kg (APS HD) and 1.5 g/kg (APS LD). Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) were isolated from the intestines. The mRNA...
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