Journal of
Public Health and Epidemiology

  • Abbreviation: J. Public Health Epidemiol.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 2141-2316
  • DOI: 10.5897/JPHE
  • Start Year: 2009
  • Published Articles: 662

Full Length Research Paper

Impact of environmental factors on the prevalence of autistic disorder after 1979

Theresa A. Deisher*
  • Theresa A. Deisher*
  • Sound Choice Pharmaceutical Institute, 1749 Dexter Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
  • Google Scholar
Ngoc V. Doan
  • Ngoc V. Doan
  • Sound Choice Pharmaceutical Institute, 1749 Dexter Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
  • Google Scholar
Angelica Omaiye
  • Angelica Omaiye
  • Sound Choice Pharmaceutical Institute, 1749 Dexter Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
  • Google Scholar
Kumiko Koyama
  • Kumiko Koyama
  • Sound Choice Pharmaceutical Institute, 1749 Dexter Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
  • Google Scholar
Sarah Bwabye
  • Sarah Bwabye
  • Sound Choice Pharmaceutical Institute, 1749 Dexter Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
  • Google Scholar


  •  Received: 13 May 2014
  •  Accepted: 09 July 2014
  •  Published: 01 September 2014

References

Australian Bureau of Statistics (2013). Statistics. 

View

 
Awadalla P, Gauthier J, Myers RA, Casals F, Hamdan FF, Griffing AR, Côté M, Henrion E, Spiegelman D, Tarabeux J, Piton A, Yang Y, Boyko A, Bustamante C, Xiong L, Rapoport JL, Addington AM, DeLisi JL, Krebs MO, Joober R, Millet B, Fombonne E, Mottron L, Zilversmit M, Keebler J, Daoud H, Marineau C, Roy-Gagnon MH, Dubé MP, Eyre-Walker A, Drapeau P, Stone EA, Lafrenière RG, Rouleau GA (2010). Direct measure of the de novo mutation rate in autism and schizophrenia cohorts. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 87: 316-324.
Crossref
 
Cavagnaro AT (2003). Autistic Spectrum Disorders. Changes in California Caseload. An Update: 1999 through 2002. California Health and Human Services Agency.
PubMed
 
Centers for Disease Control (1989). Measles--United States, first 26 weeks. MMWR;38:863-6.
PubMed
 

Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (2012a). Vital Statistics of the United States. Available: 

View

 

Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (2012b). Vital Statistics Data - Births. 

View

 

Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (2012d). U.S. Vaccination Coverage Reported via NIS. 

View

 

Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (2012c). National vital Statistics System. Available: 

View

 
De Ligt J WM, van Bon BW, Kleefstra T, Yntema HG, Kroes T, Vulto-van Silfhout AT, Koolen DA, de Vries P, Gilissen C, del Rosario M, Hoischen A, Scheffer H, de Vries BB, Brunner HG, Veltman JA, Vissers LE (2012). Diagnostic exome sequencing in persons with severe intellectual disability. N. Engl. J. Med. 367:1921-1929.
Crossref
 
Frank O, Zheng C, Hehlmann R, Leib-Mösch C, Seifarth W (2005). Human endogenous retrovirus expression profiles in samples from brains of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. J. Virol. 79:10890-10901.
Crossref
 
Freimanis G, Ejtehadi HD, Ali HA, Veitch A, Rylance PB, Alawi A, Axford J, Nevill A, Murray PG, Nelson PN (2010). A role for human endogenous retrovirus-K (HML-2) in rheumatoid arthritis: investiga-ting mechanisms of pathogenesis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 160:340-347.
Crossref
 
Girard SL GJ, Noreau A, Xiong L, Zhou S, Jouan L, Dionne-Laporte A, Spiegelman D, Henrion E, Diallo O, Thibodeau P, Bachand I, Bao JY, Tong AH, Lin CH, Millet B, Jaafari N, Joober R, Dion PA, Lok S, Krebs MO, Rouleau GA (2011) Increased exonic de novo mutation rate in individuals with schizophrenia. Nat. Genet. 43:860-863.
Crossref
 

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (2012). Child Count Data. 

View

 
Kaye JA dMM-MM, Jick H (2001). Mumps, measles, and rubella vac-cine and the incidence of autism recorded by general practitioners:a time trend analysis. BMJ 322:460-463.
 
Kong A, Frigge ML, Masson G, Besenbacher S, Sulem P, Magnusson G, Gudjonsson SA, Sigurdsson A, Jonasdottir A, Jonasdottir A, Wong WS, Sigurdsson G, Walters GB, Steinberg S, Helgason H, Thorleifsson G, Gudbjartsson DF, Helgason A, Magnusson OT, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K (2012). Rate of de novo mutations and the importance of father's age to disease risk. Nature 488:471-475.
Crossref
 
Kurth R (1998). Risk potential of the chromosomal insertion of foreign DNA. Dev. Biol Stand. 93: 45-56.
PubMed
 
Lauritsen M, Pedersen C, Mortensen P (2004). The incidence and prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders: a Danish populationbased 34:3391346.
 
Leibenluft ERB (2008). Pediatric bipolar disorder. Ann. Rev Clin. Psychol. 4:163-187.
Crossref
 
Lingam R, Simmons R, Andrews A, Miller N, Stowe E, Taylor B (2002). Prevalence of autism and parentally reported triggers in a North east London population. Arch. Dis. Childhood 888(8):666-670.
 
Lord C, Risi S, Di Lavore PS, Shulman C, Thurm A, Pickles A (2006). Autism From 2 to 9 Years of Age. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 63:694-701.
Crossref
 
Luo R SS, Tian Y, Voineagu I, Huang N, Chu SH, Klei L, Cai C, Ou J, Lowe JK, Hurles ME, Devlin B, State MW, Geschwind DH. (2012). Genome-wide transcriptome profiling reveals the functional impact of rare de novo and recurrent CNVs in autism spectrum disorders. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 91:38-55.
Crossref
 
Luyster R, Gotham K, Guthrie W, Coffing M, Petrak R, Pierce K, Bishop S, Esler A, Hus V, Oti R, Richler J, Risi S, Lord C (2009). The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-toddler module: a new module of a standardized diagnostic measure for autism spectrum disorders. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 39:1305-1320.
Crossref
 
McDonald ME PJ (2010). Timing of increased autistic disorder cumulative incidence. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44: 2112-2118.
Crossref
 

Merck O (2011). Summary Basis for Approval Varivax. US Dept HHS FDA Vaccines, Blood and Biologics. 

View

 
Muggeo VM (2008). Segmented: an R Package to Fit Regression Models with Broken-Line Relationships. R. News pp. 20-25.
 
Nassar N DG, Bourke J, Bower C, Glasson E, de Klerk N, Leonard H (2009). Autism and Intellectual Disability are Differentially Related to Sociodemographic Background at Birth. Int. J. Epidemiol. 38: 1245-1254.
Crossref
 
Newschaffer CJ FM, Gurney JG (2005). National autism prevalence trends from United States special education data. Pediatrics 115:277-282.
Crossref
 
Oker-Blim C,Ulmanen I, Kaariainen L, Pettersson R (1984). Rubella Virus 40S Genome RNA Specifies a 24S Subgenomic mRNA That Codes for a Precursor to Structural Proteins. J. Virol. 49(2):403-408.
 
Okkels NVD, Jensen SO, McGrath JJ, Nielsen RE (2012). Changes in the diagnosed incidence of early onset schizophrenia over four decades. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 127(1):62-68.
Crossref
 
O'Roak BJ DP, Lee C, Vives L, Schwartz JJ, Girirajan S, Karakoc E, Mackenzie AP, Ng SB, Baker C, Rieder MJ, Nickerson DA, Bernier R, Fisher SE, Shendure J, Eichler EE (2011). Exome sequencing in sporadic autism spectrum disorders identifies severe de novo mutations. Nat. Genet. 43:585-589.
Crossref
 
Qian S (2010). Environmental and Ecological Statistics with R. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
 
Robinson P (2010). Whole-exome sequencing for finding de novo mutations in sporadic mental retardation. Genome Biol. 11:144-146.
Crossref
 
Sakamoto Y, Ishiguro M, Kitagawa G (1986). Akaike Information Criterion Statistics: D. Reidel Publishing Company.
 
Schechter R, Grether JK (2008). Continuing increases in autism reported to California's developmental services system: mercury in retrograde. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 65:19-24.
Crossref
 
Tai AK, Alroy KA, Simon KC, Munger KL, Huber BT, Ascherio A (2008). Human endogenous retrovirus-K18 Env as a risk factor in multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 14:1175-1180.
Crossref
 
Taylor B, Miller E, Farrington CP, Petropoulos M-C, Favot-Mayaud I, Li J (1999). Autism and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine: no epidemiological evidence for a causal association. Lancet 353(9169):2026-2029.
Crossref
 
Tiwari RCK, Davis W, Feuer E, Yu B, Chib S (2005). Bayesian model selection for join point regression with application to age-adjusted cancer rates. Appl. Stat. 54:919–939.
Crossref
 
Treffert D (1970). Epidemiology of infantile autism. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 22: 431-438.
Crossref
 

US Food and Drug Administration (2011). Summary Basis for Approval Varivax. 

View

 

US Census Bureau (2012a). Population Estimates. 

PubMed

 

US Census Bureau (2012b). American Fact Finder. 

View

 
Van Den Bossche MJ, Strazisar M, Pickard BS, Goossens D, Lenaerts AS, De Zutter S, Nordin A, Norrback KF, Mendlewicz J, Souery D, De Rijk P, Sabbe BG, Adolfsson R, Blackwood D, Del-Favero J (2012). Rare copy number variants in neuropsychiatric disorders: Specific phenotype or not? Am. J. Med. Genet. B. Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 159B:812-822.
Crossref
 
Victoria JG, Wang C, Jones MS, Jaing C, McLoughlin K, Gardner S, Delwart EL (2010). Viral nucleic acids in live-attenuated vaccines: detection of minority variants and an adventitious virus. J. Virol. 84:6033-6040.
Crossref
 
Wiggins LD, Baio J, Rice C (2006). Examination of the time between first evaluation and first autism spectrum diagnosis in a population-based sample. J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. 27(2 Suppl):S79-87.
Crossref
 

Wikipedia (2014a). Retrieved from Measles Virus: 

View

 

Wikipedia. (2014b). Retrieved from Mumps Virus: 

View

 

Wikipedia. (2014c). Retrieved from Viral Hepatitis: 

View

 
Xu B I-LI, Roos JL, Boone B, Woodrick S, Sun Y, Levy S, Gogos JA, Karayiorgou M (2012). De novo gene mutations highlight patterns of genetic and neural complexity in schizophrenia. Nat. Genet. 44:1365-1369.
Crossref
 
Yolken RH, Yee F, Johnston-Wilson NL, Torrey EF (2000). Endogenous retroviruses and schizophrenia. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 31:193-199.
Crossref