Full Length Research Paper
References
Afeworki GY (1985). Salmonella from Ethiopia: Prevalent species and their susceptibility to drugs. Ethiop. Med. J. 23(3):97. |
|
Alemayehu D, Molla B, Muckle A (2003). Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella isolates from apparently healthy slaughtered cattle in Ethiopia. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 35(4):309-319. |
|
Alexander KA, Warnick LD, Wiedmann M (2009). Antimicrobial resistant Salmonella in dairy cattle in the United States. Vet. Res. Com. 33(3):191-209. |
|
Aragaw K, Molla B, Muckle A, Cole L, Wilkie E, Poppe C, Hildebrandt G (2007). The characterization of Salmonella serotypes isolated from apparently healthy slaughtered pigs at Addis Ababa abattoir, Ethiopia. Prev. Vet. Med. 82(3):252-261. |
|
Ashenafi M (1994). Microbial flora and incidence of some foodborne pathogens on fresh raw beef from butcher's shops in Awassa, Ethiopia. Bull. Anim. Health Prod. Afr. 42:273-277. |
|
Ashenafi M, Gedebou M (1985). Salmonella and Shigella in adult diarrhoea in Addis Ababa-prevalence and antibiograms. Trans. Royal Society Trop. Med. Hyg. 79(5):719-721. |
|
Beyene G, Nair S, Asrat D Mengistu Y, Engers H, Wain J (2011). Multidrug resistant Salmonella Concord is a major cause of salmonellosis in children in Ethiopia. J. Infect. Dev. Ctries 5(01):023-033. |
|
Ejeta G, Molla B, Alemayehu D, Muckle A (2004). Salmonella serotypes isolated from minced meat beef, mutton and pork in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Rev. Med. Vet. 155:547-551. |
|
Ewing WH (1986). Serologic identification of Salmonella. In: Ewing,W.H. (ed.). Edwards and Ewing,s Identification of Entrobacteriaceae, 4th ed., Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc., New York pp. 201-238. |
|
Fisher IS (2004). Dramatic shift in the epidemiology of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis phage types in Western Europe, 1998-2003: results from the Enter-net international Salmonella database. Eurosurveillance 9(11):43-45. |
|
Fluckey WM, Loneragan WG, Warner R, Brashears MM (2007). Antimicrobial drug resistance of Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolates from cattle faeces, hides, and carcasses. J. Food Prot. 70(3): 551-556. |
|
Gebre-yohannes A, Mamo K, Wolde H (1987). R-factor mediated multidrug resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates. Ethiop. Med. J. 25(1):53-54. |
|
Guo C, Hoekstra RM, Schroeder CM, Pires SM, Ong KL, Hartnett E, Naugle A, Harman J, Bennett P, Cieslak P, Scallan E, Rose B, Holt KG, Kissler B, Mbandi E, Roodsari R, Angulo FJ, Cole D (2011). Application of bayesian techniques to model the burden of human salmonellosis attributable to U.S. food commodities at the point of processing: Adaptation of a Danish model. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 8(4):509-516. |
|
Haimanot T, Abdissa A, Beyene G, Gebre-Selassie S (2010). Microbial flora and food borne pathogens on minced meat and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Ethiop. J. Health Sci. 20(3):134-143. |
|
Hoelzer K, Switt AIM, Wiedmann M (2011). Animal contact as a source of human non-typhoidal salmonellosis-Review. Vet. Res. 42(1), 34. |
|
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (2002). Microbiology of Food and Animal Feeding Stuff-Horizontal Method for the Detection of Salmonella, 4 Edn. ISO 6579, Geneva, Switzerland. |
|
Le Minor L, Popoff LY (1997). Antigenic formulas of the Salmonella serotypes. WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Salmonella. Pasteur, Institute, Paris, France. |
|
Loneragan GH, Thomson DU, McCarthy RM, Webb HE, Daniels AE, Edrington TS, Nisbet DJ, Trojan SJ, Rankin SC, Brashears MM (2012). Salmonella diversity and burden in cows on and culled m dairy farms in the Texas high plains. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 9(6):549-555. |
|
Mache A (2002). Salmonella serogroups and their antibiotics resistance patterns isolated from diarrheal stools of pediatric outpatient in Jimma Hospital and Jimma Health Centre, South West Ethiopia. Ethiop. J. Health Sci. 12(1):37-46. |
|
Mache A, Mengistu Y, Cowley S (1997). Salmonella serogroups identified from adult diarrhoeal out-patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: antibiotic resistance and plasmid profile analysis. East Afr. Med. J. 74(3):183-186. |
|
Majowicz SE, Musto J, Scallan E, Angulo FJ, Kirk M, O'Brien SJ, Jones TF, Fazil A, Hoekstra RM (2010). The global burden of nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis. Clin. Infect. Dis. 50(6):882-889. |
|
Messele G, Alebachew T (1981). Antimicrobial resistance and R-factors of Salmonella isolates from Addis Ababa. Ethiop. Med. J. 19(3):77-85. |
|
Miller AS (1971). Salmonellosis in Botswana. I. Incidence in cattle. J. Hyg. 69(03):491-496. |
|
Molla B, Berhanu A, Muckle A, Cole L, Wilkie E, Kleer J, Hildebrandt G (2006). Multidrug resistance and distribution of Salmonella serotypes in slaughtered pigs. J. Vet. Med. B. 53(1):28-33. |
|
Molla B, Kleer J, Sinell H (1999a). Occurrence, distribution and level of Salmonella in selected food items in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Fleisch Wirtschaft International 4:37-39. |
|
Molla B, Kleer J, Sinell HJ (1999b). Antibiotic resistance pattern of foodborne Salmonella isolates in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Beln. Münch. Tierärztl. Wochenschr. 112(2):41-43. |
|
Molla B, Salah W, Alemayehu D, Mohammed A (2004). Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella serotypes isolated from apparently healthy slaughtered camels (Camelus dromedarius) in eastern Ethiopia. Berl. Münch. Tierärzt. Wschr. 117:39-45. |
|
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) (1999). Performance standards for antimicrobial disc and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals and humans. Document M31-A, Villanova, PA. |
|
Nyeleti C, Molla B, Hildebrandt G, Kleer J (2000). The prevalence and distribution of Salmonellae in slaughtered cattle, slaughterhouse personnel and minced beef in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia). Bull. Anim. Health Prod. Afr. 48(1):19-24. |
|
Pui CF, Wong WC, Chai LC, Tunung R, Jeyaletchumi P, Noor Hidayah MS, Ubong A, Farinazleen MG, Cheah YK, Son R (2011). Salmonella: a food borne pathogen- review. Int. Food. Res. J. 18(2): 465-473 |
|
Quinn PJ, Carter ME, Markey B, Carter GR (1999). Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Mosby International Limited pp. 226-234. |
|
Reda AA, Seyoum B, Yimam J, Andualem G, Fiseha S, Vandeweerd JM (2011). Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Salmonella and Shigella isolates in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. J. Infect. Dis. Immun. 3(8):134-139. |
|
Reddy EA, Shaw AV, Crump JA (2010). Community-acquired bloodstream infections in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect. Dis. 10(6): 417-432. |
|
Saha MR, Saha D, Dutta P, Mitra U, Bhattacharya SK (2001). Isolation of Salmonella enterica serotypes from children with diarrhoea in Calcutta, India. J. Health Popul. Nutr. 19:301-305. |
|
Shipp CR, Rowe B (1980). A mechanized micro-technique for Salmonella serotyping. J. Clin. Pathol. 33(6):595-597. |
|
Tadesse G (2014). Prevalence of human Salmonellosis in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect. Dis. 14(1): 88. |
|
Tadesse G, Gebremedhin EZ (2015). Prevalence of Salmonella in raw animal products in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis. BMC Research Notes 8(1):163. |
|
Tadesse G, Tessema TS (2014). A meta-analysis of the prevalence of Salmonella in food animals in Ethiopia. BMC Microbiol. 14(1):270. |
|
Tegegne M, Ashenafi M (1998). Microbial load and incidence of Salmonella spp in 'Kitfo', a traditional Ethiopian spiced minced meat dish. Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 12(2):135-140. |
|
Tibaijuka B, Molla B, Hildebrandt G, Kleer J, Salah W (2002). Antimicrobial resistance to salmonellae isolated from retail raw chicken meat and giblets in Ethiopia. Bull. Anim. Health Prod. Afr. 50(2):86-95. |
|
Ward LR, De Sa JDH, Rowe B (1987). A phage-typing scheme for Salmonella Enteritidis. Epidemiol. Infect. 99(02):291-294. |
|
World Health Organization (WHO) (1988). Salmonellosis control: The role of animal and product hygiene. Report of WHO Expert Committee Technical Report Series 774, Geneva Switzerland. |
|
Williams DR, Bellhouse R, Davidson CL (1978). The prevalence of salmonellae in healthy cattle at slaughter. Vet. Rec. 103(16):359-360 |
Copyright © 2025 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0