Cassava post-harvest processing and storage in Nigeria: A review
December 2014
Cassava is an important root crop consumed as a staple food, boiled, baked or often fermented into other foods and beverages all over the world. It is a very good vehicle for addressing some health related problems and also serve as security food. Cassava undergoes postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) once the tubers are separated from the main plant. PPD is one of the main obstacles currently preventing...
Trichoderma: Mass production, formulation, quality control, delivery and its scope in commercialization in India for the management of plant diseases
December 2014
Popularization of biopesticides is very slow as compared to chemicals and only 2% biopesticides are available. Among the different biopesticides, Trichoderma is most exploited and have many success stories. Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum have curved a niche for themselves in India as important biocontrol agents for management of various diseases. A number of successful products based on different species...
Resource use conflict in West Africa: Developing a framework for resilience building among farmers and pastoralists
December 2014
Resource scarcity and security are interconnected. The impact of recurrent resource degradation in West Africa is assessed, in conjunction with social and economic factors, showing how these have interacted with conflict in West Africa and its import in other conflict climes. Resource scarcity interacting with economic pressure and political instability, have resulted in the rapid loss of arable lands in the Sahelian...
Chitosan/kudzu starch/ascorbic acid films: Rheological, wetting, release, and antibacterial properties
December 2014
Chitosan was blended with kudzu starch to prepare edible composite films adding ascorbic acid as antioxidant and Tween 20 as surfactant, and choosing acetic acid, lactic acid and malic acid as solvents. Rheology and wettability of film forming solutions, and antibacterial, release and physical properties of the composite films were investigated. Results showed that, acid solvent types significantly affected the rheology...
Economic empowerment of Scheduled Caste (SC) landless rural women through mushroom cultivation: A case study
December 2014
Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) Kurukshetra took up an initiative for economic empowerment of landless Scheduled Caste (SC) rural women by motivating them to adopt mushroom cultivation as an income generating activity. As part of this programme, KVK has conducted three trainings for these landless SC rural women since 2008-2009. In total, 120 such ladies were trained over a period of 3 years. The trainees were provided...
Biological and serological techniques for detection of Citrus tristeza virus affecting Citrus species of Assam, India
December 2014
Infection of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) in Assam was detected by double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Field surveys were carried out in 8 citrus growing districts of Assam (Tinsukia, Lakhimpur, Jorhat, Kokrajhar, North Cachar Hills, Karbi Anglong, Golaghat and Kamrup). Altogether, 411 samples were collected from three different citrus species, viz., Assam lemon (Citrus limon), Gul...
Market trend in the agribusiness sector of hybrid maize seed in Paraná State, Brazil
December 2014
Nowadays maize hybrid seed companies use marketing tools to achieve their goals on the target markets in order to stand up to competition, meet consumers’ demands, and ensure the market share. The objective of this study was to identify and rank the variables consumers consider most in the product purchase decision and to survey technical and behavioral aspects to create actions and strategies for the companies of...
Effect of organic fertilizer (cocoa pod husk) on okra and maize production under okra/maize intercrop in Uhonmora, Edo State, Nigeria
December 2014
The study determined effects of cocoa pod husk (CPH) fertilizer rates on okra and maize performance in okra/maize intercrop at Uhonmora, Edo State, Nigeria. Four levels of fertilizer: 0, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 t ha-1 and seven cropping patterns: okra sole at 0.60×0.75 m, 0.90×0.75 m, 1.20×0.75 m, sole maize at 0.3×0.75 m, okra intercropped with maize at 0.60×0.75 m, 0.90×0.75 m,...
Effect of a dietary supplementation combining a probiotic and a natural anticoccidial in broiler chickens
December 2014
In order to improve the growth performance of broilers and prevent coccidiosis in our farms, two groups of broiler chicks (Hubbard F15) were bred under the same conditions for a period of 52 days. "Experimental group" received an aliment added with a natural anticoccidial based on herbal extracts and a probiotic but water free of antibiotics while "Control group" received the same food without...
Design and development of a power tiller operated seed-cum-ferti till-drill machine
December 2014
The adoption of power tiller is slowly increasing in India. However, suitable conservation seed cum fertilizer drill is to be evolved. Therefore, in order to minimize the soil moisture loss and turnaround time and energy loss during seed bed preparation and seeding operations, a seeding attachment was designed and developed for riding type of power tiller at Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, IGKV, Raipur, India. The...
Ethiopian beef carcass characteristics
December 2014
This study was conducted to evaluate beef carcass characteristics of cattle slaughtered at local abattoirs in Ethiopia. About 10% of carcasses (3080) were collected from Adama, Hawassa, Mekelle and Kombolcha abattoirs between August 2013 and January 2014. The results of the study showed that 98.56% of cattle slaughtered were indigenous cattle while 1.44% was Holstein Frisian. The average carcass weight of indigenous...
Evaluation of the agronomic potentials of swine waste as a soil amendment
December 2014
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the agronomic potentials of different rates of swine waste on soil properties, maize growth and yield. Four rates of swine waste namely 0, 7, 13 and 27 t ha-1 were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Enugu State University of Science and...
Influence of food resource on the development of Liriomyza trifolii Burgess 1880 (Diptera-Agromyzidae)
December 2014
In order to limit the devastation caused in the celery (Apium graveolens L., 1753) plots by Liriomyza trifolii Burgess in Nkolondom, (Southern Cameroon), farmers proceed to the anarchic use of synthetic insecticides in addition to the pruning of the infested leaves as sanitary harvests. These infested leaves resulting from sanitary harvests are immediately abandoned in the furrows. The main objective of the present...
Variation, correlation, regression and path analyses in Eruca sativa Mill.
December 2014
In the present study variation, correlation, regression and path coefficients in Eruca sativa Mill. were analyzed. Great variations were observed with agronomic and oil quality traits in Eruca. Partial correlation, stepwise regression and path analyses indicated that the contributions of siliqua number per plant (X7), seeds per siliqua (X8), 1000-seed weight (X9) and siliqua number of main raceme (X6) to seed yield per...
Role of phosphorus in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production
December 2014
India is a highly populated country under the category of developing nations. The protein requirement of most of the people is fulfilling through pulses. Production of pulse crops and their yield stagnation last so many years. It has been estimated that India’s population would reach 1.68 billion by 2030 from the present level of 1.21 billion. Accordingly, vision of Indian Institute of Pulse Research, 2030, the...
Effect of different spacing on newly planted guava cv. L- 49 under ultra high density planting system
December 2014
Trees of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Sardar were planted in September, 2010 at 2.0 x 2.0, 2.0 × 1.5, 1.5 × 1.5, 2.0 x 1.0 and 1.0 × 1.5 m spacing in 6.0 x 6.0 m size blocks to determine the effect of planting distance on tree growth, light interception, chlorophyll content, leaves Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potash (Potassium) (NPK), flowering, yield and quality parameters. The experiment was laid...
Success factors for sustainable irrigation development in Sub-Saharan Africa
December 2014
Majority of farming in sub-Saharan Africa depend solely on rainfall for food production. This results in low productivity and famine, especially during the dry season when there is little or no rainfall. Owing to its far reaching benefits, irrigation systems have been identified and adopted globally as a key approach to addressing agricultural water challenges. However, the annual growth rate of irrigation systems in...
Effect of agronomic practices on growth, dry matter and yield of Rajmash (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.)
December 2014
Rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important cash crop widely grown under temperate and subtropical regions. Being a pulse crop it is good substitute of vegetables. To sustain the productivity of such a wonder crop and fulfill the nutritional demand of the ever growing population under changing climate it is necessary to apply integrated agronomic approaches. Integrated management of agronomic practices plays a...
Effectiveness of cypermethrin against diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) eggs and larvae on cabbage under Botswana conditions
December 2014
The efficacy of cypermethrin against the diamondback moth (DBM) on cabbage was studied at Botswana College of Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana. Using five concentrations of cypermethrin: 1.2, 1.6, 2.0, 2.4 and 2.8 g/L, bioassays were conducted against DBM eggs and second instar larvae at 30±5°C. Each treatment was replicated three times. Probit analysis was used to determine LD50 and LD90 values for the...
Adoption of improved wheat varieties in Robe and DigeluTijo Districts of Arsi Zone in Oromia Region, Ethiopia: A double-hurdle approach
December 2014
The study investigates the determinants of adoption of improved wheat varieties in Robe and Digelu-Tijo Districts in Oromia Region. The objective of this study was to determine factors that affect the adoption and intensity of use of improved wheat varieties production in Arsi zone with specific reference to Robe and DigeluTijo Districts. The study finds that the level of adoption of improved wheat varieties in Arsi...
Effect of honeybee (Apis mellifera) pollination on seed yield and yield parameters of Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.)
December 2014
A flower of Guizotia abyssinica (L.F.) opens and liberates pollen early in the morning, the style emerges about midday and the plant is thus basically self-sterile. Hence G. abyssinica is a cross pollinated crop with cross pollination percentage ranging from 0 to 100 percent. Locally, the role of honeybees’ pollination is still poorly understood and till now is not sufficiently appreciated. Hence, this experiment...
To study the nutrient status in soil and plant after the harvesting of the herbal crops under three-tier agroforestry system
December 2014
The present study was conducted to find out the nutritional status in soil and plants of herbal crops under Sapota-Jatropha based three-tier agroforestry system at the Agronomy Farm (Block-E), ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari (Gujarat) during rainy season 2011 and 2012. Three medicinal plants viz., Basil (Ocimum sanctum L.), Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Well.) and...
Growth regulators in the development of potted Epidendrum radicans orchid
December 2014
Epidendrum is a terrestrial orchid with great potential for commercialization. However, its considerable height makes it difficult for transport and commercialization. Many species have been controled with growth regulators, including orchids and other ornamental plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of two plant growth regulators, paclobutrazol and chlormequat chloride (CCC), on the vegetative...
Biochemical responses of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars subjected to nitrate and glutamine fertilizers
December 2014
Maize (Zea mays L.) possesses high productive potential, excellent chemical composition and nutritive value, is one of the most important cereals in the world. This work aimed to evaluate the biochemical changes in two cultivars of maize, BRS Planalto and BR5202 Pampa, exposed to different amounts of nitrate and glutamine. The seeds were sown in polyethylene pots acclimated in a greenhouse, where began treatments with...
Effect of application rates of selected natural pesticides on soil biochemical parameters and litter decomposition
December 2014
An experiment was carried out at the cocoa plantation of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching and Research Farm to study the comparative effects of siam weed and neem leaf extracts (as natural pesticides) and a synthetic pesticide- Endocel® (Endosulfan) on soil microorganism and litter decomposition in cocoa plantation to determine a safe application rate on soil microbial population and some soil chemical...
Gypsum and phosphorus in the development of upland rice under a no-tillage system
December 2014
The use of gypsum in a no-tillage system may be a feasible alternative for cultivating upland rice because of its ability to move some nutrients to greater depth in the soil and thereby stimulate root growth. Additionally, phosphorus is one of the nutrients that most limits crop production in the Brazilian Cerrado. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the effect of combining gypsum (applied to the soil surface...
Chemico-technological parameters and maturation curves of sweet sorghum genotypes for bioethanol production
December 2014
The sweet sorghum has high potential for bioethanol production, especially for using the same industrial production complex and for being processed during sugarcane off-season. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemico-technological characteristics of the following sorghum genotypes: CVSW80007, CVWS80147, and BRS610, which were grown in Jaboticabal – São Paulo, State, Brasil. The experimental...
A comparative study to improve rooting of English lavender stems cuttings
December 2014
An experiment was conducted to compare the ability of two bacteria strains from Agrobacterium rhizogenes (DSM30200 and A4), yeast extract (0.5, 1 and 2 g/L) and indole butyric acid (IBA) (50, 100 and 150 mg/L) on rooting of the terminal cuttings of Lavandula angustifolia L plant. A .rhizogenes strains were more effective than most of the other treatments in increasing rooting percentage, roots number and increase of...
Study on occurrence and importance of faba bean diseases with special consideration to the newly emerging “faba bean gall†in Tigray, Ethiopia
December 2014
Faba bean is one of the most important crops in Ethiopia. The production of the crop is, however, constrained by several disease infections including fungal diseases. A survey was conducted in 2013 to assess the occurrence and importance diseases affecting faba bean in south Tigray. The observed diseases were gall, chocolate spot, ascochyta blight, alternaria leaf spot, black root rot and rust in order of their...
Agronomic biofortification of maize, soybean and groundnut with selenium in intercropping and sole cropping systems
December 2014
Agronomic biofortification of staple food crops with micronutrients important for human nutrition, such as selenium (Se), is currently being advocated to address widespread deficiencies in the diets of populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Previous research has shown that there is likely to be widespread dietary Se deficiency in Malawi due to low concentration of Se in edible parts of the staple crops, such as maize (Zea...
Water and salt stress in germinating seeds of pitaya genotypes (Hylocereus spp.)
December 2014
Lack of water and salinity are commonly encountered problems in many regions worldwide. For this reason, certain robust cactus species may represent promising crops. Because it is necessary to assess the ability of cactus species to survive and adapt under conditions of natural stress, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of water and salt stress on the vigor and viability of seeds of pitaya genotypes using...
Growth of ungrafted and grafted citrus rootstocks under saline water irrigation
December 2014
Growth of citrus genotypes under salinity during the plant formation was assessed. The experimental design consisted of a randomized block design with three replications in a greenhouse. Five salinity levels (0.8; 1.6; 2.4; 3.2; and 4.0 dS m-1) of irrigation water were applied to 12 genotypes (citrus varieties and hybrids from crossings involving Citrus and Poncirus) of citrus rootstocks, ungrafted and grafted with...
Towards sustainable stakeholder engagement in smallholder irrigation schemes in Zimbabwe.
December 2014
Smallholder irrigation schemes in most developing countries including Zimbabwe have proved to be unsustainable after withdrawal of external assistance. The pre-independence community owned smallholder irrigation schemes had a fairly efficient management framework that, unfortunately, lacked the community ownership and professional execution. The post-independence smallholder irrigation schemes were heavily subsidized...
Response of Jatropha curcas plants to changes in the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in Oxissol
December 2014
The present study aimed at identifying the correct nitrogen and phosphate fertilization for the maximum productivity of Jatropha curcas plants. The study was carried out at the experimental field of the Ipameri Campus of the State University of Goiás. Three-year-old physic nut plants under full production were used. After analysis of the soil classified as Oxissol, pH correction was performed in accordance with...
Preliminary genetic diversity Analysis of introduced and local Zimbabwe cowpea landraces
December 2014
Cowpea, Vigna Unguiculata plays an important role in human diets because of its good protein quality and high nutritional value. On hand are two cowpea lines sourced from a local Zimbabwean humanitarian organization, with an aim to diversify the local germplasm base of cowpea. Activities involved characterizing and evaluating the foreign sourced lines alongside local ones for morphological and random amplified...
Growth, yield, quality and nutrient content of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) as influenced by sunflower stover and nutrients management under pigeonpea-sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cropping system
December 2014
A fixed plot field experiment was carried out during 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 at New Delhi, to evaluate the ‘‘effect of sunflower stover and nutrient management on pigeonpea under pigeonpea-sunflower cropping system’’. The results indicates that sunflower stover incorporation reduced the plant growth parameters viz., plant height, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation (DMA), crop growth...
First report of Leptocybe invasa Fisher and La’Salle (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae) in Mozambique
December 2014
The existence of gall wasp, Leptocybe invasa, in Mozambique was first recorded and reported in July, 2011 in the forestry nursery from the Forestry Investigation Center (CIF) and the forestry plantations of the districts of Marracuene and Namaacha (in the province of Maputo), respectively. The formation of galls on the eucalyptus seedlings was observed through the samples collected and sent to the Agricultural Research...
Analysis of seed quality: A nonstop evolving activity
December 2014
The enhancement of the production processes and increasing demand for high-quality seeds, has led the seed quality control companies to technically improve their activities. Due to this demand, we searched to improve tests related to physiological seed quality, aiming to obtain analysis results that are more consistent with the findings related to field conditions, providing information about the possibilities of the...
Improving the fertilizer use efficiency and profitability of small farms by intercropping with transgenic Bt cotton
December 2014
Bt transgenic hybrid cotton productivity and profitability could not be sustained after 2007 in India which necessitated to investigate into the nutrient needs of transgenic Bt hybrid cotton and their intercropping systems. Seven Bt transgenic hybrid cotton intercropping systems with four fertilizer management practices and two plant spacings were evaluated in split plot design during 2010-12 in Vertisols at Central...
Production and reproduction performance of rural poultry in lowland and midland agro-ecological zones of central Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
December 2014
The study was conducted in lowland and midland agro-ecological zones of central Tigray, in northern Ethiopia with the objective of characterization of village poultry marketing system under rural household management. A total of 160 households and 50% of them were female headed households. Data were collected using semi structured questionnaire and monitoring individual households. Chi- square test was employed for...
Assessment of the severity and impact of drought spells on rainfed cereals in Morocco
December 2014
Drought is a major factor affecting cereal production in most the rainfed areas of West Asia and North Africa. Recent increases in drought frequency in Morocco have resulted in the yields of field crops being extremely variable and generally low. The objective of this study is to assess drought severity in the main cereal production areas of Morocco and to evaluate its effects on grain yield. Also the study seeks to...
On-farm reproductive performance and adaptability evaluation of Dorper sheep crosses (DorperXAdilo) in different husbandry system, southern Ethiopia
December 2014
A flock monitoring study was conducted in Wolaita zone, Damot gale and Damote sore districts and Siltie zone, Mirab Azernet district with the objectives of evaluating the reproductive and productive performance of Dorper sheep and to determine the current production systems. Data was collected from November 2013 to April according to Kaufmann case histories format and were subjected to general linear models (GLM)...
Effects of moisture content and loading orientation on some mechanical properties of the african oil bean seed (Pentaclethra Macrophylla Benth)
December 2014
The seeds were quasi-statically loaded to determine rupture force, toughness, yield force, rupture stress, modulus of stiffness and elasticity. Compression tests were carried out on seeds at moisture content of 15.76, 19.81 and 34.43% (wb), seed orientation in both the longitudinal and transverse axis at a loading rate of 25 mm/min. Values of the rupture force, toughness, rupture stress, yield force and modulus of...
Response of biofertilizers and homo-brassinolide on growth, yield and oil content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
November 2014
Sunflower is an important oil crop in India. The present study aims to find out the response of biofertilizers and homo-brassinolide on growth, yield and oil content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The results showed that inoculation of biofertilizers significantly affected plant height, total chlorophyll content and also significantly increased yield attributes viz., thalamus diameter, weight of thalamus, filled...
Study on major causes of chicken mortality and associated risk factors in Bahir Dar Zuria District, Ethiopia
November 2014
A cross sectional study was conducted to assess major causes of chicken mortality and associated risk factors from November 2013 to May 2014 in Bahir Dar Zuria District, Ethiopia. One hundred respondents were selected using simple random sampling technique. Data collected using questionnaire survey and from laboratory investigation of parasites were analyzed using STATA version 11. Among all respondents, 63 and 37% of...
Physiological deterioration of pigeon pea seeds during storage
November 2014
The pigeon pea appears as a good option for farmers to be used directly in food and feed and/or green manure. In spite of this potential, its cultivation area in our conditions is still incipient, mostly due to the lack of seeds of superior quality. It is known that the process of physiological deterioration of seeds varies according to species, constituting a relevant factor in seed technology. Storage problems in...
Determination of genetic distances in spring wheat by cluster analysis in Mazandaran province (North of Iran)
November 2014
Forty-eight genotypes were planted in BIEKOL station field in 2009-2010. This study was carried out in augmented design with three check cultivars in three blocks (a total of 57 genotypes). In order to know uniformity, variance analysis of check genotypes showed that replications were not significant indicating no need for genotypes correction. Mean, standard deviation and coefficient variation for traits were...
Phosphorus fertilization associated to inoculation of maize with diazotrophic bacteria
November 2014
The effects of diazotrophic bacteria inoculation associated to phosphate fertilization on plant growth and leaf gas exchange parameters in maize plants (Zea mays L.) were investigated in the present study. Maize plants were grown in 13-L pots filled with clayey Rhodic Hapludox in a greenhouse. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design in a 4 × 2 factorial: four seed inoculation treatments [control...
Efficacy of imazapic, halosulfuron and sulfentrazone for Cyperus rotundus L. control in response to weed tuber density
November 2014
This study determined the efficacy of sulfentrazone, halosulfuron and imazapic applied in preemergence conditions for the control of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) in response to weed tuber density. The tubers were planted in 5 L pots at densities of 6, 18, 24, 30 and 36 tubers/pot (133.3, 399.9, 533.2, 665.5 and 799.8 tubers/m2, respectively), and sulfentrazone (800.0 g a.i.ha-1), halosulfuron (112.5 g a.i....
Assessment of knowledge gap and constraints affecting production and consumption of standardized dairy products in Wolayta Soddo, Southern Ethiopia
November 2014
A study was conducted to assess knowledge gap and identify constraints on production and consumption of standardized dairy products. Only 20, 10, 16.7, 3.3 and 6.7% had knowledge about standardized dairy products, hazard consequent of using substandard dairy products, proper standards during milk production, hazard analysis critical control point system and what to check during shopping labeled dairy...
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