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Malt Barley (Hordeum distichon L.) Varieties Performance Evaluation in North Shewa, Ethiopia
Malt barley is the most important cereal crop grown in highland parts of Ethiopia. Even though Ethiopia has favorable environment and potential market opportunity, the share of malting barley production is quite low (about 15%) as compared to food barley. One reason for low production is the use of low yielding varieties. The present investigation was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications...
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The present research has been carried out to identify and document the landrace diversity and ethnobotanical uses of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) (Fabaceae) in southwestern and eastern Ethiopia. Data were collected through field observations, semi-structured interviews, guided field walk with cowpea farmers and users, and market surveys. Descriptive statistics, preference ranking and informant consensus were...
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Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD) Drosophila suzukii is one of the most important pests in berry crops around the world. In this study different models of traps were evaluated for monitoring adult SWD. The study was conducted in a commercial blackberry orchard of the cultivar Chester, in the municipality of Vacaria, RS, Brazil in May 2016. The treatments consisted of three trap designs, namely the European model (Hemitrap®),...
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Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) has been cultivated for eras in highlands of Ethiopia. It presents protein supplement to the diet of rural households. However, faba bean produce in the nation is usually very low. Fungal diseases represent one of the major production constraints. The aim of this work was to analyze the status of fungal diseases associated with faba bean cultivation and their management practices employed in...
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Field trials were conducted during the 2014 rainy season under rainfed and supplementary irrigation conditions to study the response of different maturity groups of maize to supplementary irrigation in the Sudan savannah. The treatments consisted of three early (2009 EVDT, 1999 EVDT and TZECOMP5W), one late (TZL COMP1SYN), one intermediate (IWDC2SYN) and one extra early (2009 TZEE) maturing maize varieties which were laid...
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The present study was carried–out to investigate the yield and heterotic effect in newly developed ten F1 hybrids and their parents (Triticum aestivum L). The experiment was conducted at Southern Wheat Research Station ARI Tando jam during rabi season 2013–14. Experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Result of present study revealed that all the F1 hybrids along with...
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Most growers face a significant challenge for producing greater quality yield with low amount of input and cost. Water availability continues to diminish and irrigation cost rise rapidly, while crop nutrients are costly and should be used in precise amount to meet crop needs. The experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Council Experimental Station in Rustenburg, South Africa to determine the influence of Zeba on...
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Application Of Nitrogen In Different Phenological States Of The Corn Crop
Corn is a crop of high productive potential, but to achieve this, it is essential to apply production technologies, especially fertilizers with a high level of nitrogen. The objective of the work was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen fertilizer in different phenological stages on corn production. The experiment was installed in the experimental plot of the Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de...
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The study was conducted in Telo District of Kefa zone SNNP Regional State with the aim of assessing on milk production and milk use pattern. Cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from randomly sampled 156 households (33 from Urban and 123from Rural) using survey questioner, farm visit and group discussion. Female headed farms were more frequent in urban .The average family size per household was 7 persons....
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Foodborne diseases, fish and the case of Aeromonas spp.
Food intake is an imperative need of living beings in order to obtain the nutrients and energy necessary for their growth and development. All human beings worldwide have the right to access to nutritious and safe food. Food safety is a term that has become increasingly important in food production; is defined as the set of conditions and actions necessary along all phases of the food chain (from its primary production to...
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The experiment was conducted in the Hamelmalo Agricultural College, Eritrea, January 2017 up to May 2017 to study the attraction of major insect pest and diseases to three solanacious crop (tomato, chili and brinjal) grown singly and mix cropping pattern. In Eritrea solanaceous crops are important vegetables and grown in different areas of the country. Insect pest and diseases are the major biotic factors which limit the...
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Screening of a large number of breeding lines for drought tolerance under field conditions requires the use of physiological traits which are cheap and routinely simple to be measured. Drought related traits such as Specific Leaf Area (SLA) and SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Reading (SCMR) have been suggested as alternative for improving efficiency of breeding for high yield. The aim of this study was firstly to estimate the...
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Field surveys were conducted in North Gondar zone during 2018/19 main cropping seasons to determine the prevalence, incidence and severity of major wheat disease and to investigate association of disease parameters with crop management practices. In 4 districts a total of 120 wheat producing farmers’ fields were surveyed. Disease incidence and severity varied across and within districts. Wheat leaf rust, stem rust, yellow...
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Climate variability and change are some of the most pressing environmental challenges in semi-arid Kenya and Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) and are associated with persistent droughts, dry spells and erratic rains. The present study aimed at determining exposure and adaptation mechanisms among selected small-scale farmers cultivating drought tolerant crops in Wote, Makueni County, Eastern Kenya in the period 2003 to 2013. The...
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A Review on Golden Species of Zingiberaceae family around the world: Genus Curcuma
Genus Curcuma has a long history of traditional uses ranging from folk medicine to its culinary uses. More than 70 species of Curcuma are distributed throughout the world but extensively cultivate in Asian, Australian and Western African counties. Many phytochemical, pharmacological and molecular studies have been conducted on several Curcuma species worldwide. The interest on its medicinal properties have increased due to...
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The cultivation of Maize round the year is a great challenge to both subsistence and mechanized farmers in Abia State owing to the changes in climatic conditions especially precipitation, relative humidity, and temperature during the two traditional seasons, which affect the growth and yield of the cereal crop. This paper is the first of a two-part study aimed to evolving an internet-based remote monitoring and messaging...
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A study was conducted to determine phenotype plasticity responses in soybean genotypes subjected to plant density stress at different phenological stages. Plants planted at supra optimal population density (500,000 plants per hectare) were thinned to 400,000 population density at 4 developmental stages; V1 (Full expansion of first trifoliate leaves), V3 (Four nodes with 3 unfolded trifoliates), V6 (Seven nodes, with 6...
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Tef is an important crop in Ethiopian production system because of its dual function both as a staple crop that improves food security and as an income-generating crop. This study had three interventions treatments on the tef production sector with selected method of substantive cost-benefit analysis, namely: Extension package, Agricultural transformation agency of Ethiopia package and the research package (which had been...
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This study evaluated the effect of different types of organic fertilizers on nutrient composition of Amaranthus caudatus (Samaru local variety) and Amaranthus cruentus (NH84/452). It consisted of seven treatments; control (no fertilizer), 5 tons/ha and 10 tons/ha poultry manure, 5 tons/ha and 10 tons/ha sewage sludge, 35kg/ha and 70kg/ha NPK compound fertilizer as well as two varieties of amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus...
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The experiment was conducted at Raya Azebo district, which is located in southern Tigray, North Ethiopia, with the objective to investigate the highest dry matter yield and herbage nutritive value among the selected alfalfa cultivars. The experiment was conducted by randomized complete block design with four replications and five cultivars. The experimental cultivars were FG-10-09 (F), FG-9-09 (F), Magna-801-FG (F),...
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Soil hydro-physical attributes under management practices for pineapple genotypes cultivation
Pineapple is a rustic species but may respond positively to conservation practices of soil management. This work aimed to evaluate the physical properties of the soil under conservation management practices for the cultivation of pineapple genotypes. The treatments consisted of: four varieties of pineapple; two levels of gypsum (0 to 4 t ha-1); two levels of management (with and without cover crop - millet); and two soil...
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Vegetation cover affects rhizobia-tree legume symbiosis in the semi-arid region of Brazil
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the main form of introducing nitrogen into systems with low fertilizer input, which prevail in the semi-arid region of Brazil. BNF was evaluated in leucena and sabiá grown in samples of a soil collected under different vegetation cover: native vegetation; capoeira (area abandoned for the restoration); agricultural use; sabiá grove and leucena grove. Nodulation was abundant in soil...
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Fungal endophytes in bananas cv Manzano affected by Fusarium wiltness
Endophytes microorganisms have the potential to control vascular diseases caused by Fusarium spp. which does not have an effective chemical control. In this study, endophytes populations present in Manzano -apple bananas- affected by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 were studied. Endophytes were isolated in two commercial farms in Urabá-Colombia, taking leaf, pseudostem, corm and root tissues from healthy and...
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Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the 13th and 4thmost important food and oil seed crops in the world. Groundnut is a source of vitamin E. However, due to low soil fertility, drought stress, fungal diseases and lack of appropriate management, production has been constrained qualitatively and quantitatively in the study area. Trichoderma harzianum and Wheat straw mulch could increase the growth performance of groundnut and...
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Opportunities and Challenges of Women Participation on Watershed Management in Ethiopia
Watershed management is the fundamental of growth and poverty reduction. Watershed change increasingly affects the livelihoods of people, and poor people experience especially negative impacts given their lack of capacity to prepare for and cope with the effects of a change. However, it doesn’t employ efficiently in many countries due to ignoring women, who are basically a necessity resource in agriculture and the rural...
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GGE biplot is an effective method based on principal component analysis to fully explore mega environments trials data. The study conducted was to identify the best performing high yielding stable advanced bread wheat genotype for selection environments, the identification of mega environments and analysis of the ideal genotype and environment by GGE biplot method. Fifteen bread wheat genotypes were evaluated using RCBD...
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Comparison of Cyanobacterial Bio-fertilizer with Urea on Three Crops and Two Soils of Ethiopia
Although chemical fertilizers have long been used to meet the high demand for nitrogen (N), the most common limiting nutrient to plant growth, the frequent use of this fertilizer gradually deteriorates soil fertility in addition to its high cost, lower supply and agronomic use efficiency in Ethiopia. Nevertheless, N-fixing cyanobacterial biofertilizers are eco-friendly, and currently considered important to support the...
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Nutritional status of three sugarcane varieties grown in the northeast region of Brazil
The diagnosis of plant nutritional status was a tool to improve crop fertilization and thus ensure better productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of three sugarcane varieties (RB92579, RB98710 and RB961552) in the plant-cane and first regrowth cycles in the sub-humid region of the state of Alagoas, located in the Northeast of Brazil. The experiment consisted of a randomized complete block design...
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Enhancing agricultural research within West Africa using sensor-based technologies
The global population of the world is on an exponential increase, expected to surpass 9 billion by the year 2050. This places a huge demand on food securities and the need to address the challenges facing food security. Sensor-based techniques [e.g., Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy] have enhanced the understanding and diagnosis of several disease conditions, including cancers and are increasingly being applied to...
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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is subject to various disease problems and insect attacks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations of climatic elements on the phases of the lacebug, Vatiga illudens in two cultivars of cassava. The study was carried out in a greenhouse using the ‘Sergipana’ and ‘Campina’ cultivars. Data were analyzed using the Pearson index for linear correlations. Comparisons between the...
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Study of diversity in some Moroccan population of saffron (Crocus sativus L.)
To study Moroccan saffron germplasm variability relating to different agro-morphological and phenological traits, 969 saffron corms (accessions) were collected from thirteen different sites located in traditional saffron area of Taliouine-Taznakht. The study confirmed a wide range of phenotypic variability within and between populations. The variance analysis revealed that the mother corm weight (MCW), taken as covariant,...
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The effects of biogass slurry and conventional chemical fertilizer as topdressings on relative abundance and community diversity of soil microbes in fields under continuous cropping of Chinese chives were investigated. We found that topdressing treatment altered soil bacteria community and diversity, where relative abundance and taxonomic diversity were greater in the biogas slurry treatment. Although average well color...
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Seed germination of seeds preserved for about 20 years and that of seeds preserved for several years
From herbage seeds, only alfalfa (Medicago sativa) showed about 3 - 5 % germination ratio for 20 years old seeds. It showed similar results to Park and Kim (2009). From the other herbage species no germination was observed, but sometimes the decay of seeds were observed. However, the vegetable seeds preserved for several years showed high germination ratios. As a conclusion, generally older seeds germinate little,...
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Breeding for improvement of physical kernel traits has a direct implication on acceptance of groundnut varieties. However, the genetic parameters associated with these traits are not well documented. Ten groundnut lines were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design experiment with three replicates in 2015. Data were collected on yield parameters and pod and kernel physical traits. Mean values were used to determine...
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Despite the truth that the agricultural land use planning exercises have so far covered small and fragmented part of the African continent, the involvement of farmers who are among the direct beneficiaries of the outputs have been limited. This work demonstrates the contributions of farmers on the land use planning process for rice production in Kilombero Valley, Tanzania. Analytic hierarchic process (AHP) was used to...
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Drought tolerance assessment of melon germplasm searching for adaptation to climate change
Shortage of irrigation water at critical melon growth stages can be the most important limiting factor in the future due to climate change, especially in the Mediterranean region. Apart from the improvement of irrigation systems and crop management, the development of drought tolerant cultivars by genetic breeding is the best solution to achieve stable yields. Screening germplasm collections is a prerequisite for that. A...
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Farmers are practicing low efficient utilization of crop residues that expose to large wastage during feeding their livestock. Therefore, demonstration of improved feed trough at small scale farmers to reduce wastage of crop residue biomass was conducted at four districts of southern Tigray. A total of 61 improved feed trough technologies were constructed, and data like amount of feed consumed, wastage, and farmers...
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Genetic variability studies provide the basic information for the breeder's to develop the different stress tolerant varieties. In the present study, forty-nine tef genotypes were tested under acidic (pH 4.97) and limed (pH 5.90) soils in the lathouse at AsARC in 2017 to estimate the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of various traits of tef genotypes under lime treated and acidic soil conditions. There...
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Cultivation of Cactus Pear Forage Propagated Through the Method of Fractionation of Cladode
Between the varieties of Cactus Pear Forage resistant to Cochineal Carmine, It is found the Orelha de Elefante Mexicana - (OEM), Baiana - (BA) and Miúda - (MI). The adoption of these varieties and dissemination in the areas damaged by this plague are directly related to provision of seeds cladodes. The method of propagation through fractionation of cladode is an alternative in cases where this availability is short. The...
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Maize is widely grown as a major food and cash crop in Southern Gondar zone, is facing with problems of seasonal supply, price fluctuations and inadequate information on production, marketing and consumption. These problems are more acute in urban areas. This research attempted to analyze the structure-conduct- performance of maize marketing, the case of farta Woreda, South Gondar zone, Ethiopia with specific objective of...
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Mathematical modelling of greenhouse drying of red chilli pepper
The purpose of this study was to examine twelve different mathematical models for red pepper plant (Capsicum annum L.)and to investigate the appropriate models of mass fraction (Mt / Mo) in relation to drying time.This study attempted to assess the efficiency and profitability of the drying of red pepper under the plastic tunnel greenhouse and a total of twelve models, including Newton, Page, Improved Page, Henderson and...
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Association of traits between yield and yield components plays a great importance for the development of high yielding maize genotypes. The study included twenty-four open pollinated maize genotypes planted in a randomized complete block design at the main experimental station of Jigjiga Pastoral and Agricultural Research Center with the aim of establishing the association and direct and indirect effect of various...
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Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important vegetable crop in Ethiopia. The yield of the crop is often constrained by low and unbalanced nutrient supply in the soil. This study was undertaken to assess effect of vermicompost (VC) on growth, quality and economic return of garlic variety Chelenko I during 2016 main rainy season in Haramaya University main campus, Ethiopia. The treatment consisted of four levels of...
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The study of relationship among traits is essential in assessing the feasibility of joint selection for two or more traits. The path coefficient analysis partitions correlation coefficient into direct and indirect contributions of various traits towards dependent variable thus guiding effective selection. A study was conducted to determine the correlation and path coefficients for sorghum grain yield and 12 quantitative...
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Three bacterial strains from the compost were tested for their antagonistic properties against the pathogenic bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis on tomato. Their efficacy was compared with that of the Pantoea agglomerans bacterium (2066-7) whose ability to control Clavibacter michiganensis was recognized. The results showed that Pantoea agglomerans reduced the onset of 70% disease symptoms, Serratia proteamaculans to 45%...
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Low production and productivity of lentil, which is mainly linked with lack of access for improved varieties, and lack of site specific sowing date were the major production constraints in the study area. Two improved lentil varieties (Alemaya and Teshale), one local (farmers) variety along with six different sowing date (first of July, Mid of July, End of July, Mid of August, End of August and farmers practice which is...
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The objective of this study was to determine the existence of allelopathic activity of different ethanolic extracts of the leaves and bark of Anadenathera macrocarpa (angico-preto) on the germination and development of tomato, pepper and maize seedlings. For the bioassays, concentrations of 0, 250, 500 and 1,000 mg mL-1 were used. Fifty seeds of each plant species were used to evaluate daily germination and ten seedlings...
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Barley is one of the most important staple foodcrop due toearly maturing and better adapted cereal crop in marginal areas where other cereal crops cannot beadapted. The objective of this study was to assessgenetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for some yield and yield related traits among barley landraces. One hundred barley landraces were laid out in10 x 10 simple lattice design with two replications in...
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This research was carried out during the 2016-2017 growing season at Bayburt University, Food and Agriculture and Livestock Application and Research Center (40°24'05.7"N 40°08'31.3"E). In the research determined morphological and agronomic characteristics of organic and conventionally grown common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes. In the study, 13 local bean genotypes and 3 registered varieties (Onceler-98, Aras-98...
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Qualitative response of super basmati rice to different nitrogen levels under varying rice ecosystem
Planting methods and nitrogen rates play pivotal role on production and quality of fine grain rice. A field experiment was carried out at Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku, Pakistan during 2015 and 2016 in which four planting methods namely drilling of dry seed in well prepared dry soil (DSR-drill), ridges made after broadcast of dry seed in dry soil (DSR-ridge), broadcast of dry seed in well prepared dry soil...
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