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Maize is most important cereal crop used for human diet, livestock fed, and for many industrial applications in many parts of the world. However, the national average productivity is quite below the world average which might be attributed to nutrient deficiency among many problems. A field experiment was conducted during 2016/17croppping season to determine the effect of level and time of nitrogen fertilizer application on...
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Ecophysiological Response of “Chemlali” Olive cultivar Grown in Different Soils Types
The aim of the study was to examine how soil type affects subsequent olive tree performance. The experiment was conducted from March to June during two crops seasons (2013 and 2014) in two sites distant of 2 Km and they have different soil type. (i) Sandy soil (1.4% organic matter content, with a water content of 12% at field capacity and 6.5% at the wilting point, and (ii) clay loam soil (0.8% organic matter content, with...
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Sugarcane is an important commercial crop in Ethiopia and it is commercially propagated by vegetative means using stem cutting commonly known as setts. Although it is commonly grown in Ethiopia, its emergency and productivity is poor thereby reducing yield throughout the country majorly due to awareness problem for the selection of proper and suitable planting material. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted under...
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The bell pepper has many qualities, but it has a high water content, favoring the occurrence of deteriorating reactions and the growth of microorganisms, however, it is possible to use drying as a conservation method. The objective of this study was to perform the kinetics of organic yellow bell pepper drying at different drying air temperatures, to adjust the data obtained to the empirical models and to evaluate the...
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Assessing fish production, demand and supply in the selected districts of North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia
This study was aimed to assess fish production, supply and demand in selected districts of North Shewa Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia to generate base-line data that would help in the proper and sustainable utilization of fishery and water resources. Structured and semi structured questionnaires were employed as a means of data collection tools. Respondents from five districts i.e., Merhabete, Menz Mama, Menz Gera,...
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Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) belongs to the order of Leguminosae and Papilionoideae family. The field experiment was carried out in 2014-2016 main growing seasons at Humera and Kebabo with the aim of determining critical weeding period. The experiment was conducted in RCBD design replicated three times and consists of 15 treatments. The crop was kept weed-free for the first 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after...
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In Gedeo zone, coffee quality is declining from time to time due to several improper pre-and post-harvest management practices. Therefore, this study was designed with the objective of assessing impact of pre and postharvest management practices on Coffea arabica L. quality determining factors in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. Totally, 90 household respondents were used from three Woredas and selected purposively. Finally,...
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A field experiment was carried out in the suburbs of Gondar City, Ethiopia in 2016 under irrigation to determine the optimum and economical rates of N and P fertilizers for head cabbage production. The treatments were consisted of four rates of N (0, 46, 69 and 92 kg ha-1) and four rates of P (0, 20, 30 and 40 kg ha-1) and laid on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangements with three replications....
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Constraints to agricultural production in Lebialem highlands, South West region of Cameroon.
This paper has examined the constraints to agricultural production in Lebialem highlands, so as to propose ways of improving upon agricultural production in order to meet the food requirements of the rapidly increasing population. Data was obtained from both primary and secondary sources. The data was analyzed using descriptive and quantitative statistical analyses. The findings show that the government has been...
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Evaluation of the papaya´s maturation degree by electrical impedance
The economic importance of papaya for Fruit producers reinforces the idea of alternative (non-invasive and low cost) strategies to measure fruit ripening. In this work, it has been evaluated the kinetics of ripening degree of papaya based on alternative and non-invasive electrical impedance method that is compared with conventional techniques (mechanical assays, determination of total soluble solids and titratable...
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The invasive, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) in Africa is attacked by diverse natural enemies in sorghum ecosystem. Field survey were conducted during 2016/17 and 2017/18 across Kalu Bati and Dawa Chefa districts of south Wollo and Oromia zones, Ethiopia to determine the relative abundance of C. partellus and natural enemies at all developmental stages of sorghum. 9 sorghum fields each was sampled at all growth stages using 4m2...
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The Assessment of the Effects of Water Stress on Seed Yield of Common Bean Genotypes
Drought stress is among the most important abiotic factors that contribute to the significant yield reduction of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Due to unreliable and poor distribution of rainfall, drought tolerance has become the important train in common bean in bean growing areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate 16 common bean genotypes for drought tolerance under three moisture regimes and identify...
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The Quantitative Evaluation of Fertility of Tropical Soils (QUEFTS) model was used for determining balanced NPK uptake requirements and recommendation for a target yield of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir). This study estimates the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) requirements of white yam for Indian conditions. Data set used for the calibration of the QUEFTS model is from published literature on white...
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While there are some positive opinions that GMOs may bring forth certain benefits, there are also negative opinions based on the argument that GMOs may also pose certain harms and risks. After Turkish Law issued on GMOs, the public have started to discuss about it. This study aims to identify the knowledge and attitudes towards GMOs of the health personnel in Turkey (n= 1015) due to the importance of the trust in the...
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Sensory profile of coffees of different cultivars, plant exposure and post-harvest
The processes of maturation, harvest and post-harvest coffee of the are strictly related to the physical and chemical modifications that can affect the sensorial quality of the coffee, being decisive factors in the choice of the appropriate management to reach the desired quality standard. The objective of this research was to identify the sensorial attributes of the Coffee Association of American (SCAA) protocol of...
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The study was conducted in East Shoa and West Arsi Zones of the Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia with objective to assess purpose of keeping Arsi cattle and production constraints. Accordingly Adami Tulu Jidokombolcha and Bora from East Shoa Zone and Dodola, Shala and Nagele-Arsi from West Arsi Zone were purposively selected. About 240 respondents were identified using random sampling techniques. The average of age and...
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Organic production and its market support policies
Populations around the world, especially in developed countries, have adopted a more conscious food consumption than that practiced conventionally, in their search for a better quality of life. In this scenario of concern about food, the organic products market is highlighted in the face of the high consumption of food produced with agrochemicals and agricultural inputs. In the last few years, there has been a significant...
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Traditional regression versus Artificial Neural Networks models in sawing yield prediction
The present work was developed with the objective of obtaining regression models and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for accurate prediction of lumber recovery factor of Pinus caribaea var. caribaea in the sawmill Combate de Tenerías, belonging to Macurije forest company, Pinar del Río-Cuba. The inputs of the models were: log smaller diameter (D), diameter at breast height (DBH) and log taper or conicity (Con.). The...
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A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of weeding frequency on yield and yield components of food barley at Amuru district of Horo Guduru Wollega Zone, Oromia National Regional State during 2016 main cropping season. The experiment was laid down in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in a factorial arrangement of five food barely varieties namely HB 1307, CROSS 41/98, GOBE,...
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Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a vital source of nutrients worldwide. It is one of the most consumed grain legume in Botswana. Fourteen Andean common bean genotypes were evaluated in four environments (two seasons and two diverse agro-ecologies) to determine the effect of genotype and environment interaction and yield stability. The genotypes were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications....
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Cassava is an important staple food in Côte d'Ivoire produced in several areas including the Daloa district in Central-Western Region. However, this plant experiences biotic and abiotic constraints that strongly limit its productivity. Proper knowledge of genetic diversity is important to mitigate these constraints and select resistant and well adapted genotypes to increase the productivity. This study assesses the genetic...
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Performance of CIP and Dutch potato varieties under Rwanda climate conditions
In attempt to develop new potato varieties with the current market lead traits, nine Dutch potato varieties namely Fabula, Panamela, Sagitta, Challenger, Sifra, Rosi, Memphis, Taurus and Derby, and CIP varieties Kinigi and Kirundo were evaluated in three Rwandan sites for two growing seasons in a RCBD with tree replications. The data collected consists of plant vigor, late blight incidence and severity, yields and...
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Leaf rust caused by the pathogen Puccinia triticina is one of important disease of wheat in Ethiopia. Yield loss due to this disease reached up to 75%. A study was carried out to detect physiologic races of the pathogen from some parts of Bale, Gondar and Shewa and identify seedling resistance of Ethiopian durum cultivars. Tewenty-four mono pustule isolates made and out of those only three Puccinia triticina races namely...
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Assessing Landuse Effect On Soil Properties In The Coastal Plains Sand, Imo State, Nigeria
Impacts of Landuses [old Home garden (HG), Oilpalm plantation (OP), Fallow arable field (FA), Grass Lawn (GL)] on physico-chemical properties of an ultisol on a flat in the Coastal plains sand of Imo State, Nigeria were evaluated. Landuse significantly (at 5%) influenced the properties sand, organic matter (om) content, soil reaction (pH), exch. cations Ca, Mg, K, exch. acidity (Al+H), effective cation exchange capacity...
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Screening of Rice Germplasms under Salt Stress by Phenotypic and Molecular Markers
The evaluation of salinity tolerance of rice germplasms based on phenotype and genotype of 100 rice germplasm was identified at the seedling stage at the High Agricultural Technology Research Institute for Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Screening of the phenotype was done with 30 day old seedlings using salinized concentrations EC = 8 and 15 dS/m. Results show that the growth of the varieties, the higher the salt concentration,...
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Oxidative and carbon fractions of microbial biomass of soils in sugarcane cultivation systems
The objective of this work was to verify the levels of total organic carbon (TOC), oxidizable fractions and microbial biomass carbon present in soils managed with different cropping systems in Goianésia. Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a crop of great importance in the Brazilian scenario, its management directly influences the attributes of the soil, independent of the cultivation system, be it conventional or organic. The...
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Common bean is commonly grown by smallholder farmers under quite diverse farming systems and it is for both food security and income generation. The impact of plant density is important to bean growers for yield optimization and the inadequate source of phosphorus leads to low productivity due to its significant in growth and development. This study focused on determining optimal spacing of different bush bean varieties...
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The use of entomopathogenic fungi is a common practice for integrated pest management. It has recently been observed that they also play a role as growth promoters and plant disease antagonism. In this study, we evaluated the effect of inoculation with two strains of Beauveria bassiana [(Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. 1912] (strains BB42 and BB09) and two strains of Metarhizium anisopliae [(Metschn.) Sorokīn 1883] (strains MA25 and...
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A field investigation was conducted to study the effect of nozzle size, operating pressure and nozzle elevation on uniformity of application. The coefficient of uniformity was computed using the equations proposed by Christiansen (1942), Hawaiian Cane Society Specialists Hart and Reynolds (1965), Wilcox and Swailes (1947), Karmeli (1978), Criddle et al. (1956), Benami and Hore (1964), and Beale (1966).Uniformity of...
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Perception and adoption level of urban horticulture technologies in, Nairobi County of Kenya
Recent years have witnessed a significant improvement in the adoption and promotion of horticultural technologies among smallholder farmers world-wide and in particular, developing countries. This study is aimed at analyzing the perception and adoption level of urban horticultural technologies among farmers in the study area. A sample of 580 respondents was used, 138 in Kasarani, 195 in Mathare and 247 in Kibera....
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Light effects on growth and essential oil quantity and constituents in some Apiaceae plants
The Apiaceae family known for vegetable crops rich in essential oils, includes numerous genera of high medicinal and economic value. This study investigates the effects of red and far-red light treatments through the dark period (night-break), on the growth characteristics, essential oil quantity and composition, in (Coriandrum sativum L.), (Anethum graveolens L.), and (Petroselinum crispum). Treatments began 20 days after...
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Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Production Trends in Cameroon: A Review
Yam (Dioscorea spp.) cultivation has the potentials to greatly contribute to poverty alleviation and food security, in Cameroon. The full production potentials of yams haven’t been exploited, leaving Cameroon with an annual production of 64,8407 metric tons (MT) at the sixth position, among the six countries of the West African yam zone, with 67.3 million MT. This review highlights research gaps in the yam production...
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Adaptability and Stability of Saccharine Sorghum Cultivars
The Brazilian bioenergy sector has been trying the use of saccharine sorghum in order to optimize ethanol production. However, there are few varieties fitted to this objective and little knowledge about their adaptability and stability. Then, the purpose of this work was to study the adaptability and stability of saccharine sorghum, taking into account the effects of the GxE interaction, to select superior genotypes and...
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Legume-based cropping system and Brachiaria forage system could play a significant role in enhancing food and nutrition security and sustainable intensifications of African agriculture. To reveal this potential, a comprehensive review of literatures and assessment was performed using key indicators in relation to food and nutrition quality, agro-ecological services and socioeconomic benefits. The key indicators for legumes...
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Field experiments were conducted in 2017/18 cropping season at Kulumsa Research Center Farm (OnS) and on farmer’s (OnF) field to assess the effect of N fertilizer rates on grain quality and NUE of bread wheat (Lemu and Wane) varieties. Factorial combinations of Lemu and Wane varieties and five N rates (0, 46, 92,138 and 184 kg N ha-1) were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results...
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Migration to and sedentarization in the sub-humid zone of Burkina Faso has become a major adaptation measure of Sahelian pastoralists to the severe droughts and in response to a rapidly changing socio-economic environment. This study aimed at assessing livelihoods and livestock husbandry practices as a consequence of pastoralist sedentarization. The study sites were located in the Sudano-Sahelian and Sudanian zone of...
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Sowing Depths and Seed Germination of three Wild Medicinal Plants, in Uganda
Plants and their progeny, develop germination strategies over time to promote their survival especially in the world. Seeds in the wild, while on the soil surface tend to wait for the optimal conditions to germinate. They may not all germinate at the same time as an adaptation for some to survive if the first flush of seedlings is killed by any adverse condition. However, in domestic propagation, a large, quick and...
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Efficiency of Cajanus cajan in different sowing densities on soil compacting
The research was carried out in the District of Concepción, Concepción Department -Paraguay, a randomized complete block design consisting of four treatments and five repetitions; The general objective was to evaluate the effect of Cajanus cajan L. species with different planting densities on soil compaction and as specific objectives; measure the compaction of the soil at the beginning and end of the crop cycle, determine...
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An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Conservation tillage (CT) practices on leaf chlorophyll content, sugars and yields of Zea mays L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. for two consecutive cropping seasons at the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization farm in Embu County, Kenya. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design with 9 treatments replicated 3 times. The treatments...
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In order to investigation the effects of blended NPSB and N fertilizer rates on physiological and growth indices in durum wheat, a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement and replicated 3 times per treatment was conducted in research field of Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center in 2017 under rain-fed condition. The treatments consisted of 4 levels of blended (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg NPSB ha-1) and N...
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Smallholder farmers’ market participation is an indispensable pathway to increase income of rural peoples. Selling staple food crop is the most common way of earning cash income in Ethiopia. Among the staple crops,teff (Eragrostisteff) has become the essential source of income for farmers and market oriented crop in the country in general and the study area in particular. But no study has been conducted in the study area...
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The study was conducted in Borana zone, which located at about 570km from Addis Ababa with the objective of understanding the farming system of Borana Pastoral area. The primary data was collected using survey questionnaires from 160 households that selected using multistage sampling design. The study confirmed that the farming system in Borana pastoral area has been increasingly diluted, unlike the earlier decades where...
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For the managenent of nematode of nodule of Meloidogyne incognita in plants of Solanum lycopersicum L., it was determined the effectiveness of plant extracts: Ruta graveolens, Eucalyptus spp., Ocimum basilicum, Acacia farnesiana, and Nicotiana tabacum, and as a control fungus Paecilomyces lilacinus 6.5x1013 UFC/g were used. For each treatment were used 5000 nematodes J2 of M. incognita/plant. The extracts were applied per...
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Weeds are a limitation to cocoa production and herbicide use in cocoa cultivation is known to lower the cost of weed management and support better plant growth. As a result, glyphosate was recommended for use in cocoa cultivation following a two-year field trial at the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana. Recent informal debates among scientists and farmers however, point towards a disagreement regarding the effect of...
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In Ethiopia chicken populations are estimated about 51.35 million, which are 96.83, 2.37 and 0.8% indigenous, exotic and hybrid breeds, respectively. Indigenous chickens are largely dominated flock size and have good potential to adapt in different agro-ecologies through habitual management systems but due to low productivity couldn’t satisfy the community demand of poultry products. For the last 50 years, the global meat...
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Integration of tree crops and pastures: literature review
: Sustainable rural development, integration, and interaction of the livestock, agricultural and forestry components can contribute to reducing the impacts of the productive sector in the environment. In forest environments, plant biomass (mainly of trees) is the main reservoir of mineral nutrients. The forest presence contributes to the elevation of mineral nutrient concentrations in the soil, through leaf deposition. Due...
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Garlic is a fundamental component of many dishes in Ethiopia. However, there is a low production of this crop in the Yilmana Densa District of Amhara Region (Ethiopia). Thus a study was initiated in 2014/2015 to assess farmer`s garlic production practices under an irrigated farming system in the YilmanaDensa district (Adet Zuria, Goshaye and Ambesit kebels) of Ethiopia. Production data were collected using semi-structured...
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Field pea (Pisum sativum) is one of the pulse crop mainly cultivated in high land area of Ethiopia for human consumption. The amount of yield gain per hectares bases are very low because lack of information concerning appropriate sowing dates, plant density, biotic factors and lack of improved varieties which constitute the major challenges on field pea production in the study area. The field experiment was conducted to...
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Ethiopia is the largest producer of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Africa. A number of abiotic and biotic factors are responsible for the gaps between current yields and potential yields. One of the most important biotic stress reducing chickpea yields is Fusarium wilt. Twenty-one chickpea varieties from Desi and Kabuli type were screened in the field for their yield and yield component parameters at Adet Agricultural...
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Many countries are running short of agricultural land. Even where land appears to be available, Soil fertility, water availability as well as nutrient mining still remains a challenge yet at the same time the world’s demand for food is rapidly increasing. Millions of square meters of soil are mined each year for use in vegetable nurseries and in backyard gardens in addition to excessive use of inorganic fertilizers. There...
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