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This experiment was conducted in 2019 major cropping season in the Semi-deciduous forest Agro-ecological zone of Ghana to solve low maize yield and improve maize productivity and enhance farmer’s income using foliar and soil applied fertilizers as nutrient sources. Eight treatments (T) were used; T1= {N, P2O5, K2O (90-60-60) kg/ha} at 2 & 6 Weeks After Sowing (WAS); T2= {Poultry manure (4 t/ha)} at 2 Weeks Before Sowing...
Population dynamics and determination of sample parameters for the major insect-pests of safflower
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In this study, sample unit size and number of samples for major insect-pests of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) were estimated during 2015-2016. The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications in which the experimental area measuring 2000 m2 was divided into 45 subplots. Four samples of different unit sizes were taken as one plant in an area of 0.12m2, two plants in an area of...
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– The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual effect of glyphosate and 2.4-D herbicides in the initial development of the soy crop in a Yellow Red Latosol. The experiment was conducted in randomized design, consisting of 4 different doses of herbicides (0, 1, 2 and 5 times the recommended dose of the glyphosate and 2.4-D mixture), applied at intervals of 0, 3, 7 and 10 days before sowing, with 4 repetitions on...
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Dams spur economic development especially in drought-prone regions in sub-Saharan Africa. In Zimbabwe, Chiredzi District in the south eastern lowveld, sugar plantations and citrus estates have benefited from dams like Mutirikwi, Tugwi Mukosi, Manjerenje and others. Communal areas around and downstream the dams have not realised any significant direct economic benefit from these water bodies as the water was regarded as...
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Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a major global health issue, contributing to morbidity and mortality. East and Central Africa face VAD prevalence that exceeds the World Health Organization (WHO) threshold of 15%. In Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), VAD prevalence is greater than 43% in rural communities. Promoting vitamin A-rich foods (including banana) is an effective and sustainable strategy to address...
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The novel coronavirus 2019 which has brought about the covid 19 pandemics has hit the whole world starting from the super economies to underdeveloped economies. The impacts are being felt hard in developing countries whose economy relies on agriculture especially Sub-Saharan Africa. Uganda is amongst the countries in Africa which observed the longest period of total confinement during the Covid 19 outbreak. Hence this...
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: A total of 16 lowland rice genotypes containing 14 bred in Africa Rice Center were evaluated for grain yield and its related traits under five cold prone rice growing areas in Ethiopia during two cropping seasons (2014 and 2015). Data on yield and its related traits were analyzed by different statistical analysis and verified the genotypes with better adaptability and stability under natural cold stress conditions. Based...
Zoning and agro-climatic characterization of hotspots in the Tana-Beles Sub-Basin – Ethiopia
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Agro-climatic zonation is very important for planning crop patterns and to bring out the agricultural potential of a region. It must be done based on a specific development objective and on a rational basis. The objective of the present study was to classify the Tana Beles sub-basins (TBSB) into homogenous agro-climatic patterns and assessing suitability for crops that could be growing in each Agro-climatic zone. The...
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The carmine spider mite (Tetranychus cinnabarinus Bois.) (CSM) is one of the most destructive pests of vegetables, especially tomatoes. Its management in Botswana has, for years, relied on the use of pesticides. This study evaluated the efficacy of abamectin, methomyl and chlorfenapyr against CSM eggs under laboratory conditions in Botswana. Each treatment was replicated three times. The toxic effect was evaluated in the...
Modern poultry farm actors’ current status in Togo
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The issue of the animal protein requirement has led Togo authority to focus their attention on modern birds breeding activities through training and education programme entrusted to CERSA (Centre d’Excellence Regional sur les Sciences Aviaires). To assess the current situation of the sector, especially about egg and poultry meat producers, a survey was carried with hundred applicants selected and trained. The investigation...
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The disparities in access to productive resources keeps on smothering agricultural growth and development, particularly in developing countries. This study was informed by the feminist political economy (FPE) framework to assessing the relationship between gender and access to agricultural productive resources among cassava farmers in Kenya. The research utilised mixed methods including the use of a survey instrument and...
Marketing Outlet Choices and Rural Household Poverty among Small Holder Cocoa Farmers in Ondo State
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The choice of marketing channel is a strategic system which can be effectively adopted in responding to the dynamic economic anomalies. Poverty is a major challenge faced by cocoa marketers and it is more severe among small holder rural farmers. One way through which poverty can be alleviated is to examine the influence of marketing on poverty. However, only little is known about the impact of the market outlets on the...
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The Land suitability analysis and mapping were carried out using a geographic information system and multi-criteria approach for scaling chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties in Ethiopia. Therefore, the biophysical variables of climate, topography, and soil were considered for suitability analysis. The environmental factors’ layers of chickpea varieties pixel values were classified and given a rate and ranked. The...
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Water is a vital resource to sustain civilizations and pecuniary development and most importantly agriculture. Agriculture is the main contributor to the Ethiopian economy. The field experiment was conducted at Werer Agricultural Research center to evaluate the effects of drip and furrow irrigation under different irrigation levels on maize water use efficiency. The experiment was laid out in an RCBD split-plot arrangement...
Economic Efficiency of Cricket Production Reared under Improvised Cage System
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Cricket rearing and consumption continues to gain popularity especially among small scale farmers in Kenya. However, low production, high labor-intensive technologies, limited input resources and rearing systems constrain the optimization, consumption and marketing of crickets. Further, little information exists on alternative cheap sources of producing crickets and how such resources in cricket production can be optimally...
Prediction of body weight from linear body measurements for Horro sheep breeds in Oromia, Ethiopia.
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The study consisted of measuring the live weight Body weight, Body length, Height at wither, Chest girth, Chest width, Rump length and Pelvic width for each animal. A total of 1589 Horro sheep (1131 females and 456 males) reared in Bako Agricultural Research Center’s sheep farm and Horro district were measured to determine relationships between body weight and these linear body measurements. Correlation and regression...
Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Animal Feed Chopping Machine
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Ethiopia’s livestock population is the largest in Africa but different factors or constraints limit the full exploitation of the agricultural sector in general and the livestock sub sector in particular in the country the Availability, quality and quantity of feed is always been a challenge in the livestock sector. Poor feed resources management, especially those of the bulky and fibrous crop residue is one of the...
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Among the renewable sources for bioenergy production, sorghum is a crop that has high energy potential and desirable agroindustrial characteristics. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the adaptability and phenotypic stability of sweet sorghum hybrids and varieties to bioethanol production using the Annicchiarico and GGEbiplot methodologies in several environments. Twenty-five sorghum genotypes were evaluated...
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The aim of this study was to assess the effect of using Multi-Nutritional Blocks and roughage processing as alternatives for the resilience of beneficiary households in the study area. The study was carried in the rural communes of Sakoira and Kourtheye (department of Tillaberi) through a survey of 32 producers of multi-nutritional blocks and treated straw. The structure by age class reveals, among the Peulh ethnic group,...
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Black Bengal goat (BBG) is a potential farm animal genetic resource of Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic improvement of growth parameters in-situ through a community based breeding program under a low input production system in three villages; Gangatia, Borochala and Pachpai at Bhaluka upazila in Mymensingh district. Data on a total of 451 individuals taken from 2009 to 2015 in three...
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In recent years, essential oils (EOs) as alternatives to synthetic pesticides in managing pests have been assessed. The use of bioinsecticide in pest management is encouraged in agroecology for a sustainable agricultural system. Essential oils of Lantana camara L. leaves from different climatic zones of Kenya were extracted by steam distillation and analyzed through GC-MS to identify the compounds. The contact toxicity and...
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Climate change is seen as one of the most persistent problems in Zambia, affecting socio-economic development. The study’s main objective was to assess the effectiveness of farmers adaptation to climate extremes. Primary data was collected from 270 smallholder farmers using structured questionnaires. Descriptive analysis, showed some systematically different characteristics between adapters and the non-adapters. Also,...
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The effects of geographical locations on the chemical characterization of Erkence olive oil variety which cultivated in six different locations were evaluated in the west of Turkey. The agricultural ecological map of each location was created using GIS. Olive oil samples were analyzed fatty acid, sterol and phenolic and also, LC IMS Qtof spectrometer and Progenesis QI software were used to determine the geographical...
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Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of various fertilizer placements on nutrient uptake, growth responses, storage root yield and leaf elemental concentration of Whatley/Loretan sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. Vine cuttings were transplanted into 6.1 m rows with 0.3 m in-row spacing in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The fertilizer placement treatments comprised broadcast...
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Wheat is one of the oldest and most important cereal crops. Common wheat (Triticum aestivum), durum wheat (T. durum), and club wheat (T. compactum) are the most important wheat species. The low productivity is attributed to several factors in which biotic factors are among the major constraints in wheat productivity and production. The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between grain yield and major stem...
Phosphorus management issues for crop production: A review
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Phosphorus(P) is an essential element for plant growth. On account of its low solubility in soil, P is often a limiting factor to optimum crop growth and therefore P fertilisation is an important aspect of nutrient management plans to ensure profitable and sustainable crop production. Plant P availability is controlled by sorption, desorption and precipitation of P from P released during weathering of P minerals and...
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Feed database serves as basic decision support tools required for feed improvement. The objective of the study was to evaluate the chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of major feed resources available in Adwa district of central Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Representative feed samples were collected from nine major feed resources. The samples were analyzed for chemical composition and in vitro dry...
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Turmeric (C. longa L.) is one of the spices produced by smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. It becomes significant income and acceptable for diversification of coffee. Turmeric and Ginger have wider adaptation, perform in similar ecologies. Reports indicated that 3962.03 t produced in Ethiopia in three years, and values of USD 1.26 million, export of 1233 MT rhizomes in different seasons. Turmeric become best alternate as...
Status and management of coffee plantations in Burundi: reasons to worry
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Coffee is an important cash crop for smallholder farmers and provides more than 80 % of hard currency in Burundi. To highlight coffee growing conditions, agronomic practices and coffee yield, a survey was carried out in Buyenzi, Kirimiro and Mumirwa natural regions of Burundi in 2008. Data on coffee yield, age after planting or after rejuvenation and agricultural practices were collected through interview with coffee...
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The adoption of rope and washer water-lifting technology is influenced by several factors though it is suitable, easy to operate and maintain, and is multipurpose technology. The main objective of this study is to assess the status of adoption Rope and Washer water-lifting Technology and its Effect on household income. Data were collected by employing quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques like household...
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The effects of diet with different inclusion levels of baobab seed meal inclusions on the growth and gross margin analysis of Clarias gaiepinus fingerlings was evaluated under a controlled laboratory condition. Five inclusion levels of Baobab Seed Meal (BSM) to replace soya bean meal were studied at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% dietary protein. The experimental diets were uniform by targeting 40% crude protein with energy...
Study on the Optimum Nutrient Solution Concentration for the Growth of Mint (Mentha genus)
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Mint (Mentha genus) is an herbaceous herb that is fragrant useful for centuries with spices and medicinal herbs. Study on optimum nutrient solution sufficient to meet the plants’ demands regarding soilless culture of mint would be helpful for its application in plant factory, but was less reported. In current study, 0.5 fold (×), 0.75×, 1.0×, and 1.25× concentrations of Yamazaki formula nutrient solution were applied to...
Mapping Livestock census and crop performance in Pakistan
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Livestock and crops subsectors play a pivotal role in agrarian economy of Pakistan. Livestock contributes approximately 60.56% in agricultural value addition and almost 11.69% to the gross domestic product (GDP). The crops subsector constitutes of 21.73 percent serves as a basic accelerator of growth in agriculture sector as well as overall GDP. Therefore, to analyze the performance of livestock population and area under...
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Potato is the secondary non-cereal crop in Ethiopia, of which around 1,288,146 household farmers depend on it. Potato harvesting is practiced using animal-drawn local plough (Maresha) and hand hoe, which is characterized by high man-hour requirement, drudgery, and considerable losses through tuber damage and inefficient exposure. Thus, a single axle tractor-operated potato digger elevator was designed, fabricated and...
DETERMINANTS OF CREDIT DEMAND BY SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN MOROGORO, TANZANIA.
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Agriculture plays a great role in the economy of many countries in the world, particularly in Tanzania where the majority of Tanzanians depend on agriculture-based activities for their livelihoods. Access to agricultural credit is vital for growth and development of agricultural sector in Tanzania, hence financing agriculture is a key issue in rural development. Despite effort of the United Republic of Tanzania to make...
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This 10-week study evaluated effects of graded levels of Gut Balance Booster (GBB) on performance of weanling pigs. Thirty-six Large White X Landrace piglets, aged six weeks were randomly assigned into four groups of 9 piglets. Each treatment was replicated thrice with three piglets in a replicate. They were fed diet A (normal starter diet without GBB), diet B (starter diet with GBB at 1.00 Kg/ton), diet C (starter diet...
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The unexpected outbreak of novel COVID-19 in late 2019 and continually spread across the world has disrupted the agricultural value chain. The World Health Organization (WHO) prescribed border closure, lockdown, social distancing, wearing a mask, and handwashing to combat the pandemic. These control measures, especially the closure of borders, have affected the importation and supply of fertilizer for crop production. The...
Impact of row spacing on soybean morphological parameters and yield.
Article in Press
Abstract: The variable distribution of soybean seeds in rows can reduce the final stand and compromise grain yield. This article assesses the impact of seed distribution on the morphological characteristics of some plants and on the final yield of soybeans. The study was carried out in the experimental area of the federal university of santa maria, frederico westphalen campus, in the state of rio grande do sul, brazil, in...
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Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is the most important legume crop in Ethiopia and the most single subsistence crop after the stable cereals. However its production is hampered by various biotic, abiotic and socio-economic factors. Among the biotic constraints, a new emerging disease known as Faba bean gall (Olpidium viciae) has become a serious threat to faba bean production in the country. Thus, field experiment was conducted...
Effects of Pharmaceutical Effluents on the Mitotic Activity in Allium cepa L.
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The need to determine the mutagenic ability of waste waters from pharmaceutical industry is on the rise. With the aid of macro and micro assay of the root tip, this study was carried out to assess the genotoxic effects of varied concentrations of three pharmaceutical effluents (Ciprofloxacin, Arthemetrin and Psuedophedrin) on Allium cepa root tip during mitosis. The chemical evaluation of the effluents confirmed the...
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Drought is one of the most common abiotic stresses affecting the productivity of wheat in Ethiopia. In this study, a total of sixty-four elite spring bread wheat genotypes from the International Center of Agricultural Research for Dry Areas (ICARDA) were used to identify drought-tolerant bread wheat genotypes. The experiment was laid out in 8*8 simple lattice designs under normal and stressed conditions at Werer...
Evaluation of Doyogena Sheep community-based breeding programs in southern Ethiopia
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of smallholder farmers on the ongoing community-based breeding programs (CBBPs). The survey data were collected from 236 households of 118 CBBPs participant farmers and 118 non-participants sheep keeping farmers. The survey data were analyzed using index and SPSS. The evaluation result revealed that, CBBP is acceptable and workable in the community. The direct...
Assessment of Rainfall and Temperature Variability on Maize Production in Kaduna State
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Rainfall and temperature are important requirements in crop production. Any variation in the distribution of these elements mark influence on the productivity of most crops including maize. This study assessed rainfall and temperature variability on maize production from 1999 to 2016 in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Data for this study were obtained mostly from secondary sources. These data include temperature, rainfall and maize...
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Optimal nutrient application is required for sustainable crop production and farm profitability in Ethiopian smallholder farmer. In this study, N, P and K requirement of maize was estimated for the current and future maize production levels in East Shewa and Jimma zones of Ethiopia. Current yield was assessed from Spatial Production Allocation Model (SPAM) database and yield responses and agronomic N, P and K use...
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This study was conducted to reveal the effect of white ginger (Mondia whitei) root on haematological indices and serum biochemistry of starter broiler chickens. A 28-day feeding trial was conducted using a total of One hundred and fifty Arbor Acre broiler chicken. The birds were divided into five dietary groups with three replicates of ten birds. The dietary groups were control (basal diet), M. whitei meal (MWM) + basal...
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Nitrogen is the most yield-limiting nutrient for maize crop growth and development as in the most soil kinds and it needs effective management to enhance crop production. Adoption of appropriate management may overcome N loss and enhance its use efficiency in crops which are associated with soil and crop management and include appropriate source and application time. Thus, a field experiment was done to determine mineral N...
Cocoa pods and seeds characteristics of different hybrid varieties in Southeastern Ghana
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We determined the characteristics of the cocoa pods and seeds using three clonal varieties namely C 67, C 85 and PA 150. We purposively selected the cocoa pods, weighed and grouped into large size, medium size and small size cocoa pods. The number of seeds per pod was high in clone PA 150 in large cocoa pod size. Average fresh seed weight was high in clone 67 while length of pod of cocoa was high in medium cocoa pod size...
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Sorghum is an important crop in Ethiopia. However, its productivity is low owing to lack of farmer-preferred and stable improved varieties. To identify suitable cultivars, multi-environment evaluation of sorghum genotypes was carried out at four locations for two years. The result of AMMI ANOVA showed that genotype (G), environment (E) and Genotype-environment interaction (G×E) significantly (P
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A survey was conducted in Maiduguri during the 2016 cropping season to identify the serotypes and distribution of Okra Leaf Curl Disease on okra plants to cover 30 major okra growing areas in Maiduguri. The confirmation of serotypes of the virus was performed using African Cassava Mosaic Virus (ACMV) and Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) antibodies obtained from Deutche Sammlang von Mikroorganism and Zeckulturan (DSMZ)...
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This study determined the antioxidant activity of Capsicum frutescens powder and its effect on sensory and carcass characteristics of local chickens fed with either cotton seed cake or sunflower seed diets for thirty seven days. The birds were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (0%, 1.1%, 2.2%, and 4.4%) of C. frutescens powder. For cotton seed cake diets, 15 birds were replicated thrice per treatment whereas the...
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