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This study was committed to examining the symbiotic effectiveness difference between wild and mutant rhizobial isolates, and at the same time to appreciate the enhancement effect of mutagenesis on tolerance of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) nodulating rhizobia to extreme salinity and pH conditions. A total of 50 isolates were obtained from soil samples of three weredas in Hararghe lowlands and mid altitudes using the...
Assessment of Rainfall and Temperature Variability on Maize Production in Kaduna State
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Rainfall and temperature are important requirements in crop production. Any variation in the distribution of these elements mark influence on the productivity of most crops including maize. This study assessed rainfall and temperature variability on maize production from 1999 to 2016 in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Data for this study were obtained mostly from secondary sources. These data include temperature, rainfall and maize...
Income mobility in diversified CSA households of Nyando Basin, South -Western Kenya
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Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) strategies have been introduced in Nyando basin (comprising Kisumu and Kericho Counties) in Kenya, and farmers have comparatively taken up the practices. This has resulted in diversification of farming crops/livestock and incomes to bridge seasonal shortfalls under erratic harsh weather conditions due to climate change. The main objective of the study was to determine how smallholder farmers...
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Faba bean is a high value crop in Ethiopia and has versatile uses. The national faba bean breeding program concentrates on the three major traits (grain yield, disease resistance and seed size) of the crop for varietal release for commercial production. Hence, ten faba bean genotypes were evaluated at Adet, Areka, Bekoji, Haramaya, Holetta and Jimma during the main cropping seasons of 2018 and 2019 using a randomized...
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Optimal nutrient application is required for sustainable crop production and farm profitability in Ethiopian smallholder farmer. In this study, N, P and K requirement of maize was estimated for the current and future maize production levels in East Shewa and Jimma zones of Ethiopia. Current yield was assessed from Spatial Production Allocation Model (SPAM) database and yield responses and agronomic N, P and K use...
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This study was conducted to reveal the effect of white ginger (Mondia whitei) root on haematological indices and serum biochemistry of starter broiler chickens. A 28-day feeding trial was conducted using a total of One hundred and fifty Arbor Acre broiler chicken. The birds were divided into five dietary groups with three replicates of ten birds. The dietary groups were control (basal diet), M. whitei meal (MWM) + basal...
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Nitrogen is the most yield-limiting nutrient for maize crop growth and development as in the most soil kinds and it needs effective management to enhance crop production. Adoption of appropriate management may overcome N loss and enhance its use efficiency in crops which are associated with soil and crop management and include appropriate source and application time. Thus, a field experiment was done to determine mineral N...
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This study aimed at establishing phytochemical composition and determining the effect of Capsicum frutescens powder on body weight and carcass yield of Cobb500 broilers. Four hundred and fifty broilers at 35 days were randomly assigned to treatments defined by three dietary inclusion levels (1.1%, 2.2%, 4.4%) of C. frutescens powder for each of the three durations (13 days, 19 days, 24 days) prior to 59 days of age. A...
Cocoa pods and seeds characteristics of different hybrid varieties in Southeastern Ghana
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We determined the characteristics of the cocoa pods and seeds using three clonal varieties namely C 67, C 85 and PA 150. We purposively selected the cocoa pods, weighed and grouped into large size, medium size and small size cocoa pods. The number of seeds per pod was high in clone PA 150 in large cocoa pod size. Average fresh seed weight was high in clone 67 while length of pod of cocoa was high in medium cocoa pod size...
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Sorghum is an important crop in Ethiopia. However, its productivity is low owing to lack of farmer-preferred and stable improved varieties. To identify suitable cultivars, multi-environment evaluation of sorghum genotypes was carried out at four locations for two years. The result of AMMI ANOVA showed that genotype (G), environment (E) and Genotype-environment interaction (G×E) significantly (P
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A survey was conducted in Maiduguri during the 2016 cropping season to identify the serotypes and distribution of Okra Leaf Curl Disease on okra plants to cover 30 major okra growing areas in Maiduguri. The confirmation of serotypes of the virus was performed using African Cassava Mosaic Virus (ACMV) and Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) antibodies obtained from Deutche Sammlang von Mikroorganism and Zeckulturan (DSMZ)...
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The Maasai pastoralists inhabiting Kajiado County are known for rearing large herds of animals. Livestock has enabled them to attain food and nutritional security. However, natural resources are dwindling fast under the swift development context. The private holding of land is becoming more prevalent in an area formally known for its communal land setup. The emerging land tenure systems have disregarded the traditional...
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This study determined the antioxidant activity of Capsicum frutescens powder and its effect on sensory and carcass characteristics of local chickens fed with either cotton seed cake or sunflower seed diets for thirty seven days. The birds were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (0%, 1.1%, 2.2%, and 4.4%) of C. frutescens powder. For cotton seed cake diets, 15 birds were replicated thrice per treatment whereas the...
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The yield potential of commercial maize hybrids fully expressed in F1 generation, results from the cross of two inbred lines. However the yield of each line is too low unless their yields have improved with improved management, optimum density with optimum nutrition. Based on this fact, a field experiment was conducted at Bako research farm for two years (2019 and 2020) to determine the optimum plant density and nitrogen...
Effect of Entrepreneurial Behaviour on Small Scale Potato Farm Performance: Evidence from Kenya
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Over the years, small scale potato farm enterprises have recorded low potato productivity and profitability. This poor performance could be attributed to poor entrepreneurial culture and skills, and low entrepreneurial behaviour portrayed by the small scale potato farmers. This paper models the effect of entrepreneurial behaviour on the performance of small scale potato farm enterprises in a high density potato producing...
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A field trial was conducted to determine the effect of tillage and mulch practices on the biomass response of cereal maize and soybean, lablab and grazing vetch which are legumes, when planted as fodder crops. The experiment was conducted using split-plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments were two mulch levels (Mulch and No-Mulch). The mulch was maize straw left from previous cropping season. The...
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Irrigated agriculture is a major human activity, which often leads to secondary salinization of land and water resources in arid and semi-arid conditions. Soil salinity is an enormous problem for agriculture under irrigation as it affects the growth and development of plants in Ethiopia; the problem is widespread in the rift valley areas where middle Awash and Amibara irrigated farms are present. Therefore, this study was...
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Pests and diseases are key biotic constraints limiting banana production among smallholder farmers in Eastern and Central Africa. Global warming as a result of the changing climatic conditions may favour pest and disease development and further exacerbate the vulnerability of these smallholder farmers to these biotic constraints. Gathering information on the extent of potential climate change effects on pests and pathogens...
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In order to prevent a Shea seed from germination when stored, a preservation technology was adopted using white transparent polythene bags of 500mm gauge, perforated brown envelope of big size, and Black polythene bags of 500mm guage. The results revealed that the Shea seeds preserved in the white transparent polythene bags retained their viability for six months which can then be used by experienced/professional...
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Injecting improved varieties of quality seed to the existing informal seed system through a crowdsourcing approach is one way to ensure many basket preference options for farmers’ choice. To strengthen the system, ten improved varieties of food barley were deployed to 150 farmers who were selected from three Kebeles; three varieties were randomly provided to each farmer. Farmers’ preferences in terms of earliness and...
Water stress affects physio-morphological development of tomato grown in pots.
Article in Press
Water for Agricultural purposes is increasingly becoming limited owing to global climatic change and increased demand from other uses such as household water users, industries, and the environment. Tomato is an herbaceous crop that needs an adequate amount of water for growth and yield optimization. This experiment was conducted in pots in a greenhouse to examine the effect of water stress on the growth, yield, and...
Article in Press
Mexico is the fourth largest producer of mango and the leading exporter worldwide, and cv ‘Ataulfo’ is the with the largest area sown in the country. New cultivars are required to maintain production, ensure competitiveness, and mitigate problems with pests and diseases. The purpose of the present study was to identify microsatellite (SSR) markers in zygotic and nucellar seedlings originated by the largest embryo in mango...
Agronomic performance of new Jkuat Papaya in different agro-ecological Zones of Kenya
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Papaya is one of the most important fruits crops of Kenya. However, in the recent past, papaya productivity and quality have been limited by lack of high quality seeds. Most producers depend on farmer selected and imported seeds for propagation. However, this is not satisfactory since few farmers can afford imported seeds due to their high price. On the other hand, most of the farmer selected seeds give rise to trees with...
Article in Press
Common beans are an important nutritious food crop to many people in developing countries. Inadequate soil-P is one of the major constraints to high bean seed yield productivity. Information about genetic effects that control inheritance of root traits in common bean grown under low soil-P conditions is scarce, and that is a challenge for genetic enhancement. This study was therefore implemented to determine inheritance...
Article in Press
Termites play key roles in the ecosystems functioning, especially in the recycling of organic matter. However, few are considered pests because they cause damages to crops and wooden structures. Long based on the use of synthetic pesticides, the control of pestiferous termites is now focused on environmental friendly means including the use of plant extracts. Here, powder, acetonic and ethanolic extracts of Ctenium elegans...
Understanding the effects of COVID-19 on food security in Ghana
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The relationship between hunger and poverty has become clear with the outbreak of the coronavirus. Restricted people movement and border closures used to control the spread of the virus have implications for food security. Governments are challenged with allocating their scarce resources to cover additional healthcare costs and social protection expenditures which did not exist before. The Food and Agriculture Organization...
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Cassava (Manihot esculenta) remains one of the most important and widely grown food crops in tropical region which has persistently contributed food security and economy. Cassava roots deteriorate rapidly within 40-48 hours after harvest, due to physiological factors and microbial infection. Fresh roots storage is a huge challenge, there is thus a pressing need to process tubers into some stable form as soon as they are...
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There was no variety released for table grape production in Ethiopia while the national demand for table grape is increasing. The aim of this research was to evaluate and recommend table grape genotypes on yield and yield related traits. The study was conducted in central rift valley at Awash Winery vineyard with six table grape genotypes. Genotypes were evaluated using randomized complete block design with three...
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The research goal is to evaluate the rhizobia and mycorrhiza application on Cowpea bean (Vigna unguiculata L) cv. Carita Blanco growth. The experiments were developed at Calixto García municipality, Cuba. It was done from April to June 2020, on brown Sialitic soil without carbonate. This design was a random block with three treatments (control, Rhizobium, Rhizobium + Mycorrhizas). It entailed indicators measurement during...
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Extension training is intended to increase the efficiency and performance of the human resource that acts responsibly in a society based on a communication interaction with knowledge sources. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of training farmers on banana production value addition among smallholder farmers in Meru and Tharaka–Nithi Counties. The study adopted a pragmatic paradigm and a...
Wage Labor in the rice cultivation areas near Lake Victoria in Western Kenya.
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Rice is now the most rapidly growing food commodity in sub-Saharan Africa. This growth is mainly driven by urbanization. There is substantial research on the wage labor dynamics in rice production in Asia, but in Africa, there is limited analysis of the labor used in rice cultivation—the attributes, numbers, and costs—which makes it difficult to understand the actual market, such as how products are procured. This study...
Article in Press
The experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of N on the agronomic characteristics of soybean crop under no-tillage system over forage sorghum intercropped with U. ruziziensis and on straw degradation. Four treatments (nitrogen doses) were used: 0; 20; 40 and 60 kg of N ha-1. N were applied at V3-V4 stage, using ammonium nitrate as the N source, containing 30% N. The experimental design was a randomized block...
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Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is a widely grown leguminous crop in Ghana. This study was conducted using four varieties of cowpea based on the colour of the seed coat namely; Red, Brown, Black and Cream cowpea varieties. These cowpea varieties were subjected to three different watering regimes namely normal, moderate and severe water stress regimes. These different watering regimes were used as potential screening...
Mealybugs on fruit crops in the sao franciso valley, Brazil.
Article in Press
Mealybugs are agricultural pests occurring all over the world. The San Francisco Valley is one of the most productive regions regarding the cultivation of fruit crops in Brazil, demanding a proper phytosanitary management which can be obtained through the biological control of pests. Fortnight samples of mealybugs associated with roots, trunk, leaves and fruits of grapevines, pear, apple, persimmon, guava and Barbados...
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Thirty-six soil samples collected from 24 sites were used to investigate the relationships between cation-ratio concepts and sufficiency level approaches in plant nutrition. Based on threshold values, about 25.0% of the soils had calcium:magnesium (Ca:Mg)-ratio fallen outside the favorable range, despite the sufficient levels of individual elements in soils, violating the base cation ratio concept. Similarly, 63.0% of...
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Ethiopia is the homeland and center of genetic diversity of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L., Rubiaceae). Getting more information on genetic variability is a prerequisite for further improvement of coffee (Coffea arabica L.).A field experiment was conducted at Awada Agricultural Research Sub-Center, Ethiopia, to study the magnitude of phenotypic diversity among southern coffee (Coffea arabica L.) germplasm accessions...
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The Cypress aphid (Cinara cupressivora) is considered as one of the most important invasive pests in the world attacking Cupressaceae family. In Ethiopia it has caused over US$10 million worth of damage to Cypress plantations across the country. The recent study was done on assessment of Cypress aphid infestation and its natural enemies on cypress plantation of Jibat and Gedo district, Oromia region, Ethiopia. The general...
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The study was conducted in Adami Tulu Jidokombolcha (ATJK), Bora, Dodola, Shala and Negele-Arsi districts with objective to assess main cattle feed resources, water sources and housing systems. A pretested, semi-structured questionnaire was used to conduct survey. About 240 respondents were identified using random sampling techniques. Collected data was analyzed by SPSS statistical software version 24. Study result...
Nitrate concentration and nitrate/ammonium ratio on lettuce grown in hydroponics in Southern Amazon.
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Lettuce has a predisposition to nitrate accumulation and it has led many researchers to develop research to reduce this accumulation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrate concentration (NO3-) and nitrate/ammonium ratio (NO3-:NH4+) on growth, production and accumulation of these nitrogen compounds in lettuce grown in a hydroponic system in southern Amazon. There were performed two experiments...
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Currently, a Eucalyptus globulus is a common smallholder plantation species in the Wogera district. The species is significantly expanding on marginal and fertile farmlands. The objective is to analyze the effects of Eucalyptus globulus woodlots plantation and their directions on selected soil physicochemical properties and yield of wheat crop. Three woodlots with similar site conditions were selected for this particular...
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Chilli in Bhutan is an indispensable cash crop, commonly consumes as vegetable. However, chilli in commercial scale is the rain-fed farming due to which farmers are not able to produce sufficient amount. Moreover, limited landholding with confine cultivation attributes less yield. Therefore, intensive farming using intercropping of chilli with beans and pruning of chilli in two raised bed techniques were assessed for...
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A total of twenty malt barley genotypes were evaluated using complete Block Design in four replications at two locations in Southeastern Ethiopia during 2015 main cropping season, which lapses from July to December. The study was conducted to assess the total variability present within the evaluated genotypes. The combined analysis of variance showed there were significant differences observed among the tested genotypes...
Seed germination and morphological characterization of traditional leafy vegetables.
Article in Press
Traditional leafy vegetables provide affordable sources of micronutrients to many people in Zimbabwe. They are produced by smallholder farmers with limited knowledge on the agronomic value of high-quality seed and the seed is rarely tested to determine its quality. This study was therefore conducted to evaluate the germination of seeds of three traditional leafy vegetables sourced from five different farmers and the...
Article in Press
A field experiment was conducted in 2019 main cropping season at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Southeastern Ethiopia to select suitable varieties of faba bean in intercropping and to assess the economic profitability of intercropping faba bean with bread wheat in the area. The treatments were three faba bean varieties (Ashebeka, Hachalu and Tumsa) intercropped with bread wheat (variety Hulluka) in three different...
Profitability Analysis of Smallholder Cocoa Production in South West Region of Cameroon
Article in Press
Over the years, cocoa production in Cameroon has served as a source of employment for many smallholder farmers. However, aging trees amongst other factors is a limiting factor in the productivity of cocoa. The study compared the economic performances of different crop ages of smallholder cocoa production using primary data obtained by means of semi-structured questionnaires. Multistage random sampling was adopted to select...
Impacts of Farmer Field Schools on Food Security and Environmental Conservation in Western Kenya.
Article in Press
This study assessed the impacts of Farmer Field Schools (FFS) on household food security and environmental conservation in the Western Province of Kenya. The outcome variables were: maize yield per acre, income per acre, household food insecurity score and environmental conservation score. Principal component analysis and propensity score matching techniques were used for analyses and regression method to test the...
Measuring the sustainability of poultry farms in the region of Biskra, case : Sidi Okba.
Article in Press
Two farms in the Sidi Okba region were investigated to collect information on their structure, land use, labor and economic management of the farm.The sustainability of these farms was assessed using 37 indicators describing the agro-environmental, socio-territorial and economic scales. This study shows the influence of the production system on the parameters contributing to the estimation of the sustainability of farms....
Adoptable formula for estimating testicular volumes using ultrasound method in Red Sokoto Goat Bucks
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The purpose of this study was to determine the adoptable formula for estimating testicular volume by ultrasound in the Red Sokoto Goat (RSG) bucks. Sixteen RSG bucks comprising of eight pubertal and eight post-pubertal bucks were used for this study. With the aid of the ultrasound electronic caliper, the bucks’ testicular length, height and width were measured. These parameters were used to estimate Testicular Volumes...
Evaluation of the On-Farm Dairy Technologies in Ethiopia: A Review
Article in Press
The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the major achievements of on-farm dairy technologies in Ethiopia by reviewing a variety of documents from proceedings, articles, journals, and original research papers. Following the on-station generation and evaluation of dairy technologies, on-farm participatory verification of improved dairy cattle production packages has started. Since then, there are available...
Screening and evaluation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes resistance to stripe rust.
Article in Press
Stripe (yellow) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici, is one of the major diseases of wheat in the world. Development and use of resistant wheat cultivars is the most economical and environmentally friendly solution in combating wheat stripe rust. Field experiments were carried out at two sites in Ethiopia (Kulumsa and Meraro) and seedling tests were conducted at KARC green house during the 2015 cropping...
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