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Biochar incorporation as a soil amendment has been shown to enhance soil quality. However, there has been conflicting reports on its short term effects on C and N mineralization and microbial biomass. An incubation experiment was conducted to determine the effects of three different levels (0.5 %, 1 %, and 2 %) of biochar on carbon mineralization, soil organic carbon, nitrogen mineralization, microbial biomass and total...
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Economics and Variety Adoption of Tuberose: A Farm Level Survey in Bangladesh
Recently Bangladesh Government has incorporated flowers in its export policy. Flowers can be a source of earning huge foreign currency if we can establish it as a traditional export item. Using cross-sectional data obtained from a survey conducted during 2016 - 17, we used gross margin analysis for calculating cost and returns for double (HYV) and single varieties tuberose farmers and multiple regressions for conducting...
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Banana, a major staple in East and Central Africa is constrained by banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm). Xcm-infected plants are rapidly destroyed leading to 100% yield loss. Cultural controls are effective but laborious attracting laxity among farmers. This has led to epidemic resurgence in areas where BXW had been contained hence spread to new regions. Reliable control...
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Powdery mildew disease in chilli pepper caused by Leveillula taurica has been affecting chilli pepper grown in greenhouse and open fields. Inheritance of powdery mildew disease resistance is complex and least understood. In the present study, we identified SCAR markers using F2 mapping populations developed from a cross between a resistant parental line ‘Odisha Local' and a parental line susceptible to powdery mildew...
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Sensitivity stability and fitness of Botrytis cinerea isolates to captan
The present study investigated the sensitivity, stability of Botrytis cinerea isolates collected from vineyards to captan. To determine the stability of sensitivity to captan, B. cinerea isolates on fungicide-free potato dextrose agar (PDA) was evaluated after 15 culture cycles. In some isolates with reduced sensitivity to captan, EC50 value of the isolates did not change compared with that of isolates that were initially...
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Influence of Polyacrylamide and Dairy Manure on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Wheat Growth
Leaching of soil nutrients diminishes soil quality and hence productivity. Soil physiochemical properties can be significantly improved by using soil conditioners like dairy manure and polyacrylamide. Least research has been conducted on cumulative effect of dairy manure and polyacrylamide on physiochemical properties of soil and crop yield especially wheat. Four doses of dairy manure (0, 2, 4, and 8 Mg ha-1) and two doses...
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A Glance at Mozambican Dairy Research
The Mozambican dairy industry landscape is not well known because the research about it presents numerous inconsistencies. These inconsistencies are possibly due to miscommunication between scholars, entrepreneurs, the government and other actors, besides major events such as the civil war and policy changes and overall lack of coordination. This study aimed to catalog and relate the major studies and findings in...
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Constraints to Private Seed Sector Development in Ethiopia: A Case Study
The purpose of this assessment was to identify, analyse and document major policies, laws, regulations, administrative practices, governance and institutional setups that constrained private seed sector investment in Ethiopia and identify evidence based alternative solutions to improve the supply of certified seed to small holder farmers and livelihoods in the country. The study was conducted in 2017 in Oromia, Amhara,...
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Fertilizer source influence on antioxidant activity of lettuce
Consumers are increasingly aware and concerned about their health and demanding therefore more healthy and nutritious food. Thus, the demand for organic foods has increased recently considered. Thus the aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of lettuce produced in organic and conventional systems. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts was determined by the DPPH and FRAP...
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Farmers’ perceptions, practices and proposals for improving agricultural productivity in South Sudan
This study was carried out to establish farmers’ perceptions regarding low agricultural productivity and to document their ideas for improving the performance of agriculture sector in South Sudan. The results reveal that the major challenges related to low agricultural productivity as perceived by farmers include poor leveling of fields, poor irrigation management, low water availability, loss of land due to salinity and...
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The present study was conducted to interpret Genotype main effect and GEI obtained by AMMI analysis and group the genotype having similar response pattern over all environments. Fifteen bread wheat genotypes were evaluated by RCBD using four replications at six locations in Ethiopia. The main effect differences among genotypes, environments, and the interaction effects were highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) of the total...
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Preliminary Survey of Foliar Maize Diseases in North Western Ethiopia
In Ethiopia, maize is the staple food and one of the main sources of calories particularly in the major maize producing-regions of the country. Survey was conducted to determine the prevalence, incidence and severity of foliar maize diseases in North Gondar Zone. A total of 150 farmers’ fields were randomly sampled from five districts (Chilga, Gondar zuria, Takussa, Metema and Dembia) in North Gondar Zone of Amhara Region...
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Ebonyi State produces significant proportion of the food consumed in Nigeria. Incidentally, the State suffers from the impacts of climate change manifested in the form of extreme rainfall events, changing rainfall pattern and distribution, floods, extreme temperature and erosion. Sustainable agriculture is considered as one of the important strategies for climate risk management. Hence, the promotion and prioritization of...
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Seed-priming of sorghum with an aqueous extract from the herbal plant Eclipta alba has previously been found to increase crop yield of sorghum in Burkina Faso in a manner dependent on field location. In the present study, a 2.5% w/v antifungal extract from the desert tree, Balanites aegyptiaca, was similarly shown to increase the yield of sorghum by seed treatment. The effect was compared to the effect of E. alba extract...
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ESTIMATING OF RAINFALL SOIL LOSSES IN OLTU ANZAV WATERSHED
Erosion is a key factor for sustainability of land management. This study aimed to determine the spatial distribution of estimated total soil loss amount and erosion severiyt in the Oltu Anzav Watershed located in the East of Anatolia, Turkey. This study was conducted by using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) based on Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) method. Topsoil samples (0-30 cm) collected in 129...
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The edible root and tuber crops provide a substantial part of the food supply, which are grown widely throughout tropical and subtropical regions around the world. This research was done in the Sheka and Benchi Maji Zones of Southwest Ethiopia with an objective of exploring Ethnobotanical and diversity management of root and tuber crops by local farmers. A total of 375 informants were selected using purposive and random...
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Triple pistil (TP) wheat is a novel genetic resource which holds the ability to develop three grains in a single floret. In current research, TP wheat derived two F2 populations were studied to investigate variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic correlation, inheritance pattern and potential of TP trait for grain yield improvement. Phenological data were recorded for 12 morpho-agronomic traits. Most of the...
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Organic Matter and Maize Straw Influence on Soil Moisture in An Oxisol Under Different Tillages
Cultivation system is one of the main parameters inherent to soil water dynamics. Studies indicate that in soil conservation systems, such as no-tillage and crop-livestock integration, soil quality is maintained and even improved due to higher input of organic matter and straw kept on the soil surface. Thereby, the aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the spatial variation of maize straw and organic matter...
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fruits are easily prone to be infected and damaged by microbes, cold storage is a popular approach used to extend the shelf-life of fruits. In this paper, the effect of caffeic acid on physiological parameters and shelf-life of mulberries (Morus alba L.) for storage of 21 days at 4°C was evaluated. The results showed that the shelf-life was significantly improved in the mulberries treated with the different concentrations...
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The Impact of Fisheries Production on Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Short-run and Long-run Analysis
The basic purpose of this paper was to investigate and explore the relationship between total fisheries production, aquaculture production, capture fisheries production and economic growth in Pakistan with an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach was employed to check the dynamic causality, and tests reveal a long-run relationship...
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Piliostigma reticulatum shrub is a native legume found in fallow areas in dry and semi-dry savanna soil and is used in intercropping systems. It contributes indirectly to the rural economy in producing fodder for livestock, solder food and firewood, The aim was to understand the functioning of the rhizosphere, particularly the involvement of symbiotic and free living-N fixing bacteria in order to propose ways to improve...
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Drought and low soil fertility underlie the main constraints to maize productivity in Malawi. As such, an experiment was conducted at Lifuwu Agricultural Research Station in Malawi during the 2016 dry season under furrow irrigation to assess the effect of goat manure application and drought on growth and grain yield of a hybrid DKC8053 variety and a synthetic ZM523 variety. These varieties have the same range of maturity...
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In Ethiopia potato sub-sector is expanding, with more value added products, such as potato chips, mainly due to increasing demands associated with growth of population and urbanization. Processing industry is very dependent on the quality parameters of tuber to satisfy the increasing demand of customers. Thus, this experiment was conducted with the objective to evaluate the quality of some improved potato varieties at...
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Aquaculture products can harbor pathogenic bacteria which are part of the natural microflora of the environment. A study was conducted aiming at the isolation of human pathogenic bacteria in gills, intestines, mouth and the skin of apparently healthy fish, the Oreochromis niloticus L., from Lake Chivero. Bacterial pathogens associated with fish can be transmitted to human beings from fish used as food or by handling the...
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Wheat is a key staple crop in Ethiopia, and source of input for the expanding food processing industries in the country. Improved seeds in crop production could contribute to increase in the productivity and production. Supply of improved seed has always been shorter than yearly demand by farmers. Promotion and development of informal seed production could make considerable contribution to local seed supplies; moreover,...
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Effects of Maize-Pigeon pea Intercropping on the Growth and Yield Performance of the Component Crops
Legumes-cerealsintercroppingis a means for efficient utilization of resources which increase productivity per unit area. The present experiment was factorial consisting of three pigeonpea varieties and three maize-pigeonpea spatial arrangements using randomized complete block design with three replications. The interaction effect of spatial arrangement and varieties significantly affected grain yield of maize. The highest...
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Our objective was to study the effect of fungicides and biological agents on the control of white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) in common beans (cv. Pérola). Nine treatments were applied in six blocks (54 experimental units) using a randomized block design (RBD). The treatments were: T1-control; T2 – Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713 (4 L / ha); T3- B. subtilis strain QST 713 (4L / ha); T4- B. subtilis strain QST 713 (2 L...
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Common bean is one of the most economically important pulse crops cultivated in Ethiopia. However, its average yield reported at national level remains far below the potential yield to be attained. This is partly due to low soil fertility management, inappropriate agronomic packages and diseases and pest problems. Hence, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of blended NPS rates on growth, yield and yield...
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Use of nitrogen (15N) combined with rates of sulfur by tomato
N is the nutrient absorbed in greater quantity by the tomato, requiring a complex management due to its influence on the production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of N rates, in the form of 15N labeled urea combined with S rates, on N fertilizer use absorbed by the tomato in a Red Latosol. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using pots containing 5 dm3 of dystroferric Red Latosol. The...
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Length of the Growing Season for Dry Rainfed Farming under Monsoon Climate in Gedarif, Sudan
Reliable information of starting and ending of growing season as well as its length will greatly assist in appropriate planning for the rainfed agriculture farming practices. The objective of this study is to determine the start, end and length of the growing season based on dependable rainfall at wet (20%), normal (50%) and dry (80%) years, retrieved from historical rainfall records analysis for seven stations in Gedarif...
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Genetics and Breeding Overview for Coffee Wilt Disease Resistance
The presence of intra- and inter specific variability in the coffee species provide a potential source of resistance to coffee wilt disease (CWD). Additionally, the existence of Robusta and Arabica wilt pathogenic forms enables to design effective breeding strategies to develop resistant cultivars towards each population. The inheritance of resistance to Fussarium xylarioides in Coffea canephora suggested that resistance...
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Relationships between ages of planting with the important fruit characteristics in Hazelnut
Abstract This study carried out in Güce town of Giresun province on 400-440 m on Tombul variety in 2008-2009 years. The ages of ocaks planting determined as 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 70 and 90 year. As a statistical, between the ages of ocaks planting with yield, kernel weight was determined very significant negative correlation; between the ages of ocaks planting with yield, shell nut weight and the hub shell was found of the...
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The use of antibiotics as a growth promoter was banned because of residues that are left in animal products. Alternatives to antibiotics that promote animal growth and health without leaving residues in food are being sought. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of a commercial mixture of functional oils and algae (FOA) on growth and gut morphology in broiler chickens was conducted. A total of, 224 one...
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Viral infections greatly limit sweetpotato yields. Good farming practices are critical for effective disease management. We surveyed 383 Ugandan farmers to document symptom incidence, crop-management practices, and buyer preferences. Results showed that 89.27% farmers grow sweet potatoes yearly and 62.76% of these farmers were female. A total of 56.83% farmers obtained vine seeds from their previous gardens, 25.85% from...
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Water demand is continuously increasing worldwide parallel with the growing population. Because agriculture is considered as a significant water consumption sector, water demand in this sector may be reduced by improving water use efficiency to make farming more irrigated and sustainable. This study was planned to estimate the technical and water use efficiency of hazelnut growers in Carsamba district of Samsun, Turkey....
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Water and Soil Conservation Techniques and Food Security in the Northern Region of Burkina Faso
Food insecurity is a major challenge facing the rapidly growing population in the sub-Saharan Africa and it is a common feature in the northern region of Burkina Faso. The focus of this study was to investigate the prevalence of food insecurity in the northern region of Burkina Faso after many years of implementation of water and soil conservation techniques. A survey was carried out in six villages in the Northern Region...
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In the lowlands of Bale Zone, mainly in Madda Walabu and Dallo Mana district, despite the presence of ample surface water resource which can be used for irrigation, farmers and agro-pastoralists promote rainfed agriculture which may leads them to severe crisis in the concurrent situation of the country. Thus, the objective of this research was to assess the household Irrigation Practices at Madda Walabu and Dallo Mana...
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Crop rotation is a common practice in the Emba Alaje, where the experiment is conducted but there is no enough information on the specific rate of nitrogen to be applied after fababean for barley production. This study was initiated to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on agronomic efficiency, yield and yield components of barley after faba bean precursor crop. A field experiment was carried out in 2015 main...
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Determinants of rice farmers access to credit in Benin: A case study of the municipality of Glazoue
This study aims to identify the factors that limit the accessibility of rice farmers to credit in Benin. Data were collected from 120 randomly selected rice households in the municipality of Glazoue. The logit dichotomous model was used to analyze the data, and various statistics were produced for this purpose using the Stata 13 software. The results of prediction model show that the model has a high predictive power and...
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The rates of adoption of tissue-culture banana technology at smallholder farmer level in Uganda have been slow since the late 1990s. The study assessed the socio-economic factors influencing adoption of this technology by smallholder farmers. A survey on 280 smallholder farmers sampled from western Uganda was conducted and responses subjected to principal component analyses. Very low levels of adoption of the tissue...
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Groundwater Quality Monitoring for Agriculture Irrigated in Catolé Do Rocha, Paraíba State, Brazil
The electrical conductivity and of cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+) and anions (Cl-, CO32-, HCO3- and SO42-) contents of the water an Amazon well, from State University of Paraíba, Catolé do Rocha city, Paraíba State, Brazil, located in the semi-arid region of the Brazilian High Sertão were evaluated monthly from January to December of year 2017. Despite the increase in electrical conductivity from 0.89 to 1.16 mS cm-1 and...
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A research was conducted using primary data for the year 2012 obtained from randomly selected 120 vegetable farmers using pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule. Nalang and Salang VDCs of Dhading district of Nepal were purposively selected for the study. Different variables were fed to probit regression model to identify and quantify the major factors affecting the adoption of sustainable soil management technology....
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Development and technical validation of spray kit for Coffee Harvester
Spraying a coffee plantation simultaneously with harvesting ensures that the coffee plants are protected from pests and diseases, which are intensified during this period. In addition to economical operation, the pulverizer adapted to all harvester models promotes greater uniformity in pulverized syrup dispensing since the spray tips are arranged evenly around the plant. Two experiments were carried out in the municipality...
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Current Status and Opportunities of Plant Tissue Culture in Ethiopia
Ethiopia is one of the populous nations of Africa where 80% of its inhabitants rely on agriculture as a source of income, which is also the basis for the national economy. But, long-standing traditional farming practices could not bring the desired agricultural productivity and thus hamper the development of national economy. In this regard, biotechnology particularly tissue culture is the likely opportunity for...
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Does zinc uptake relate well with differential zinc efficiency of barley genotypes?
To some extent, differential zinc (Zn) efficiency of cereals, particularly differences between species may be attributed to phytosiderophores (PSs) release and inorganic Zn (Zn2+) uptake; however, the discrepancies within a given species are still under discussion. Moreover, studies on the explanations of differential Zn efficiencies of barleys are limited. That is why; using two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars...
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Competitiveness of Brazilian soybean exports
The objective of this article was to analyze the indicators of competitiveness in the foreign trade of Brazilian soybean between the years of 2004 and 2014. The problem under study deals with the competitiveness of this commodity in the international market. The applied methodology initially used the descriptive statistics, seeking to demonstrate through tables and graphs the evolution of the soybean exports in the...
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Strategic Planning of Regional Oil-and-Fat Subcomplex of Russia
The purpose of the work is to analyze the trends in the development of the oil-and-fat subcomplex as one of the most important components of the agribusiness of the Russian Federation, and state policy in the strategic planning in this sphere. The materials of the United States Department of Agriculture, the State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation served as the information basis...
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ABSTRACT Low use efficiencies of inorganic fertilizers coupled with their rising costs has diverted attention of farmers towards organic sources. A study was conducted in Yatta sub-county between October 2012 to February 2013 short rains and April-August 2013 long rainy seasons to evaluate the how tillage, cropping and organic inputs influenced soil nutrient status. A Randomized Complete Block Design with a split-split...
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Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), also known as monkey-nut, peanut, earthnut and goobers, is a major cash crop and widely grown in all the tropical and subtropical regions of the world for direct use as food, oil and high protein meal, and is the second most important lowland oilseed crop after sesame in Ethiopia. However, its production and productivity is considerably low in Abergelle areas, Northern Ethiopia due to...
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The current investigation was aimed to study the genetic association of seed yield and its components in 81 mid-altitude sesame accessions based on morphological traits. The genotypes were evaluated in 9 x 9 simple lattice design at Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia, during the 2014 cropping season. The study mainly focused on determining the nature and extent of phenotypic and genotypic correlation and path...
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