April 2011
Overview of the potential of microRNAs and their target gene detection for cassava (Manihot esculenta) improvement
Production and utilization of cassava (Manihot esculenta) is significantly constrained by pests, diseases, poor yields and low nutritional content. Various approaches are currently being applied to mitigate these constraints. However, an aspect of plant developmental genetics little known in cassava is the role that microRNAs (miRNAs) play in gene regulation. miRNAs are 20 - 24 nucleotide long non-protein-coding...
April 2011
Effects of vitamins and trace-elements supplementation on milk production in dairy cows: A review
During the past decade, significant advances were made in understanding the effects of vitamins and trace-elements supplement on milk production of dairy cows. This work discussed the effects of vitamins and trace-elements supplementation on milk production of dairy cows. Studies have indicated that vitamin A (VA) and β-carotene (BC) supplementation have some effects on udder health and milk yield in dairy cows...
April 2011
Detection and partial characterization of two distinct walnut isolates of cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV)
Two new cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) isolates (Ah and Ad) were isolated and detected from traditionally-grown walnuts that showed severe apical necrosis and chlorotic spots in systemically infected Cheneopodium amaranticolor, in the eastern part of Turkey. The 404 and 405 bp long DNA fragments of the 3’-non-coding region of both isolates from PCR reactions were cloned and sequenced. A significant...
April 2011
Subcellular localization and expression analysis of the BmDSCLP protein from silkworm, Bombyx mori
Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins play important roles in the transduction of cellular signals and activation of defense responses. By scanning the cDNA library of silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae constructed in our laboratory, we identified a 1557 bp gene that encodes a protein homologous to the death-associated small cytoplasmic leucine-rich protein, which was named as BmDSCLP. The full-length gene (GenBank...
April 2011
Characterization of Sunn hemp begomovirus and its geographical origin based on in silico structural and functional analysis of recombinant coat protein
Sequence alignment of the 897 bp amplicon obtained from a diseased sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) plant DNA revealed a complete 771 bp coat protein (CP) gene flanked by 3’ regions of the AV2 and AC3 genes. Southern hybridization using (α-32P) dCTP labeled (CP) gene probe of Indian tomato leaf curl virus (IToLCV) demonstrated the association of begomovirus with the leaf curl disease of sunn hemp....
April 2011
Genetic variation studies in Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from oil palm plantations using random amplified microsatellite (RAMs) markers
Randomly amplified microsatellite markers were used to study the genetic variation among six populations of Oryctes rhinoceros L. which were collected from oil palm plantations in Selangor, Perak, Pahang and Medan. Samples were collected using light and pheromone trapping for the purpose of obtaining two populations per site study. Thirty individual beetles per population were screened using seven randomly...
April 2011
Further improvement of N6 medium for callus induction and plant regeneration from maize immature embryos
To explore the possibility to improve N6 medium for callus induction and plant regeneration from maize immature embryos, comparative experiments were conducted to screen the optimal calcium concentration for the callus induction medium and the subculture medium modified from N6 medium and to examine the effects of uniconazole and ABT root promoting powder supplement on plant regeneration and root generation. According...
April 2011
In vitro antifungal activities of 26 plant extracts on mycelial growth of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary
Antifungal activities of 26 plant extracts were tested against Phytophthora infestansusing radial growth technique. While all tested plant extracts produced some antifungal activities Xanthium strumarium, Lauris nobilis, Salvia officinalis andStyrax officinalis were the most active plants that showed potent antifungal activity. They totally inhibited the mycelial growth of P....
April 2011
Effects of low temperature and drought on the physiological and growth changes in oil palm seedlings
Water deficiency and low temperature are two important ecological factors which affect the distribution and cultivation of oil palm. To find out how oil palm adapts to the environmental conditions, the dynamics of a series of important physiological components derived from the leaves of potted oil palm seedlings under drought stress (DS) (water with holding) and low temperature stress (LTS) (10°C) were studied. The...
April 2011
Morphological and molecular characterization of Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.)
Mushrooms have medicinal as well as nutritive value and extensively used as human food from the time immortal. In order to determine the genetic diversity among Pleurotus species of mushroom using morphological and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, about seven different species were collected. Five species, naming Pleurotus platypus (P-6), Pleurotus flabelatus (P-7),Pleurotus...
April 2011
Effect of irrigation schedules on yield and water use of onion (Allium cepa L.)
In order to study the effect of different irrigation schedules on yield and water use of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. Alek and Kupusinski jabuÄar), a field experiment was conducted on the calcareous chernozem soil in the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad in Serbia during 2005, 2006 and 2007 growing seasons. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design and adapted to conditions of...
April 2011
Evaluation of different combinations of Trichoderma species for controlling Fusarium rot of lentil
The Fusarium disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum has been observed in different areas of Iran in recent years. Current biocontrol studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the Trichoderma species against many fungal phytopathogens. In this study, biocontrol effects of Trichoderma isolates alone and in combination were evaluated against F. oxysporum pathogen. This study shows the ability of Trichoderma harzianum...
April 2011
Accumulation of cinnamic acid and vanillin in eggplant root exudates and the relationship with continuous cropping obstacle
The contents of cinnamic acid and vanillin in eggplant root exudates and soil were determined by HPLC. The results showed that cinnamic acid and vanillin might remain in soil after the root of eggplant is released. With the extending growth stage and planting year of eggplant, the contents in root exudates, rhizosphere and continuous cropping soil increased. In bioassay and field studies, the allelopathy of cinnamic...
April 2011
Response of sunflower hybrids to management practices under irrigated arid-environment
Two field experiments were established at Research Farm, Bahauddin Zakariya University, (BZU) Multan, Pakistan, during the spring season of 2009 to study the interactive effect of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids in terms of growth, fraction of intercepted radiation (Fi), intercepted photo-synthetically active radiation (PAR), yield components and oil contents to planting geometries and nitrogen rates....
April 2011
Growth characteristics and productivity of cold-tolerant “Kowinearly†Italian ryegrass in the northern part of South Korea
The objective of this research is to evaluate differences in growth characteristics and productivity between Kowinearly and Florida 80 Italian ryegrass varieties in regions with severely cold winters. This research was carried out in Suwon (in central South Korea) and Yonchun (in northern South Korea) during the 2002-2006 growing seasons. Kowinearly is a diploid variety with green leaf colour and a semi-prostrate growth...
April 2011
Protein electrophoretic profiles and physiochemical indicators of salinity tolerance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
The present study was conducted to quantify the response of chlorophyll, protein concentration and electrophoretic patterns of leaf and root soluble proteins to increasing salinity in the rooting medium of three varieties (Payam, Kimia and Jambo) of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and to evaluate the usefulness of these parameters in identifying salt-resistant varieties. This work was carried out with five...
April 2011
Effect of 4-nonylphenol on the sperm dynamic parameters, morphology and fertilization rate of Bufo raddei
4-Nonylphenol (NP) is a compound that causes endocrine disruption and affects sperm quality of mammals and fish. However, the effects of NP on the sperm and fertilization rate of amphibians remain unknown. This study investigates the in vivoand in vitro effects of NP on the sperm dynamic parameters and fertilization rate ofBufo raddei during the period of amplexus and fertilization, and proposes the...
April 2011
Differential agronomic responses of bread wheat cultivars to drought stress in the west of Iran
Two similar and concurrent experiments were carried out in 2007- 2008 on dry land agriculture research sub- institute Sararood and Mahidasht agricultural research center to study the effects of drought stress on yield and yield components of wheat cultivars under field conditions. The experimental design was split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots consisted of four...
April 2011
Dynamic analysis of sugar metabolism in different harvest seasons of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. (Merr.)
In pineapple fruits, sugar accumulation plays an important role in flavor characteristics, which varies according to the stage of fruit development. Metabolic changes in the contents of fructose, sucrose and glucose and reducing sugar related to the activities of soluble acid invertase (AI), neutral invertase (NI), sucrose synathase (SS) and sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) were studied in winter and summer pineapple...
April 2011
Biochemical response of sweet potato to bemul-wax coating combined with calcium chloride treatment during ambient storage
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Linn) tuber is a very nutritious but highly perishable crop that is subject to high wastages due to non-availability of appropriate storage techniques. This work assessed the effectiveness of treating the tubers with calcium chloride dip (CCD), bemul-wax (B-wax) and their combinations (CCD/B-wax) at ambient storage conditions (24.9 ± 4.0°C and 44.6 ± 18.4% RH). Some...
April 2011
Isolation and characterization of α-amylase from marine Pseudomonas sp. K6-28-040
The α-amylase of marine Pseudomonas sp. K6-28-040 was purified through a series of three steps and the purity of enzymes was checked by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results showed that, the enzyme was purified 4.7-fold with a specific activity of 134.6 U/mg protein and a yield of 44%. When it was subjected to SDS-PAGE, a...
April 2011
Chemical constituents of the essential oil from Syzygium cordatum (Myrtaceae)
Essential oil was extracted from dried leaves of Syzygium cordatum by hydrodistillation. The components were identified by gas chromatography (GC/FID) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Sixty compounds representing 79% of the S. cordatum oil were identified. The main constituents were 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecane-2-one (14.4%), 2,3-butanediol diacetate (13.3%),...
April 2011
Dedifferentiation of leaf explants and antileukemia activity of an ethanolic extract of cell cultures of Moringa oleifera
The present study was aimed at developing an efficient protocol for callus induction from the leaves of Moringa oleifera and to investigate its crude extract antileukemia activity on leukemia cells. Several secondary metabolites are present in M. oleiferaas the plant serves as reservoirs for various bioactive compounds. Callus cultures of M. oleifera were induced from leaf...
April 2011
Study on the immunogencity of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres-encapsulated vaccine preparation against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)
The purpose of the experiment is to study the poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres of coated in fish vaccine formulations. In this study, we preparedPseudomonas bacteria widowed raise PLGA microspheres vaccine by double emulsion evaporation maltophilia. It was prepared to support the completion of theStenotrophomonas maltophilia oligonucleotide PLGA microspheres vaccine through injection as well...
April 2011
Comparative analysis of milt quality in the cultured and wild stocks of endangered Caspian brown trout, Salmo trutta caspius
The sperm motility characteristics (percentage of motile spermatozoa and duration of motility) and sperm production (spermatocrit, milt volume and sperm concentration) were measured in order to compare the milt quality between cultured and wild stocks of Caspian brown trout, Salmo trutta caspius. Our results showed that cultured brooders produce more dense milt than wild individuals. In contrast, the milt volume,...
April 2011
A new tool for in vitro culture of porcine eggs
Mineral oil is usually used to cover the microdrops of medium in oocytes or embryos culture system here designated as oil method. A large number of oocytes are needed for the production of porcine embryos for in vitro fertilization or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The oil method not only wastes a lot of mineral oil, but needs tedious steps in the transferring of embryos. Here we designed a new method called nest...
April 2011
Mathematical modeling of fructose production by immobilised glucose isomerase as a function of temperature and pH variations
Production of fructose from glucose isomerisation process using commercial immobilized glucose isomerase (IGI) was conducted in a batch type of stirred tank bioreactor. A mathematical model was developed to describe the effect of temperature and pH on the kinetic parameters of fructose production. Modified Santos model known as MM3 was used to describe this phenomenon. The influence of temperature and pH was...
April 2011
The peroxisome proliferators-ativated receptor gamma (PPARG) gene polymorphisms and associations with body measurements of cattle
Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) is an important regulator in the regulation of adipose differentiation and development. The mutations of the PPARG in human had been shown to be associated with type II diabetes, fat distribution and body weight. The functional importance of the PPARG makes it a good candidate to search molecular markers in marker assistant selection in cattle breeding. All the...
April 2011
Growing pigs fed cassava peel based diet supplemented with or without Farmazymeâ 3000 proenx: Effect on growth, carcass and blood parameters
36 growing pigs (average initial weight of 22.74 ± 0.88 kg) were allotted to three dietary treatment groups of 30%maize-based control diet and 30%cassava-peel-based diet supplemented with or without Farmazymeâ 3000 proenx. Each treatment had three replicates of 4 pigs/replicate (12 pigs/treatment) in a complete randomized design. The pigs were allowed ad libitum access to the diets and water throughout the...
April 2011
DNA damage and decrease of cellular oxidase activity in piglet sertoli cells exposed to gossypol
The study was designated to explore the toxic effects of gossypol on piglet sertoli cells. Sertoli cells were isolated from piglet testes using a two-step enzyme digestion and followed by differential plating. Piglet sertoli cells were cultured and classified into five groups, that is, group A, the control without gossypol, group B with 2.5 μg/ml gossypol, group C with 5 μg/ml gossypol, group D with 10 μg/ml...
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