The Antioxidant, Protective, and Nutritional Roles of Folic Acid “Vitamin M”
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Folic acid is a water-soluble vitamin that comes after the vitamin B complex and is one of the compounds that have antioxidant activity and protective against some diseases caused by harmful oxidation. Recently, through studies and scientific research conducted on folic acid, the extreme importance of this vitamin has emerged after cases of deformity occurred in children due to a lack of nutrition from sources containing...
NEEM (OIL) AND CROP DEFENCE: (A desire for the future)
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The mission of agriculture is to improve food production to satisfy the needs of the developing global populace, without damaging the surroundings. In Present day agricultural practices, the control of pests is regularly performed via the excessive use of agrochemicals that can bring about environmental pollutants and the development of resistant pests. In this context, biopesticides can offer a better opportunity for...
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Auricularia species is a jelly- like edible fungus usually with mild flavour. It is also known as wood ear mushroom because of its ear-shaped morphology. Nigeria is blessed with many species of these edible mushrooms; however, not much research effort has been given to the cultivation of Auricularia species. Wild species of Auricularia were collected from different locations within southern Nigeria. Pure cultures of these...
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Spider plant, Cleome gynandra L (Cleomaceae) is an important traditional leafy vegetable in Burkina Faso diets. Due to its high nutritional value and medicinal properties, it is a good dietary supplement for combating nutritional deficiencies and certain degenerative diseases. However, the lack of quality seeds and poor agronomic performance are limitations to crop improvement. The aim of the present study was to evaluate...
ADSORPTION OF CHROMIUM (VI) AND LEAD (II) IN SYNTHETIC SOLUTIONS USING TAMARINDUS INDICA FRUIT PEEL.
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Adsorption allows minimizing the generation of toxic waste and the recovery of the metal. The objective of the work was to study the bioadsorption of Cr (VI) and Pb (II) using the dry peel of Tamarindus indica. We worked at different pH values and concentration levels. The determination of the chemical-physical parameters was carried out at the Empress Geominera Oriente. Adsorption isotherms were performed using the...
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) are important crops that contribute significantly to Zimbabwe’s economic development. However, they are attacked by Fusarium species leading to reduced yields, quality and profitability for farmers. A study was conducted to investigate the diversity of Fusarium species causing wilt and rots in both crops in Zimbabwe. Plants displaying symptoms of wilting, root...
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Angular leaf spot (ALS) caused by Pseudocercospora griseola is the most economically damaging common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) foliar disease in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and elsewhere in Eastern and Central Africa. Information regarding pathotypes distribution and genetic structure that would enable development of appropriate control measures is still lacking in DRC. The study aimed to investigate the...
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Introduction Vaginal microbiome (VM) is usually dominated by Lactobacillus species, which contribute to the maintenance of vaginal health. The dynamism of the vaginal microbiome is especially notable during menses. The objective of this study was to characterize changes in the vaginal microbiome during the menstrual cycle of HIV positive (HIV+) and HIV negative (HIV-) women in a sub-urban population of Kenya. ...
AI-Metaverse Bioinformatics: Potential future direction
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Bioinformatics has been around since the 1960s, while online molecular databases that handle data generated by disciplines in the life sciences have existed since the 1990s. This Perspective presents a forward-looking approach that amalgamates bioinformatics with new and potential fields such as generative artificial intelligence and metaverse that can catapult bioinformatics into user-friendly 3D virtual worlds with...
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The specific objectives of this research were (i) to develop broad-scale bioinformatics data from three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains - S. thermophilus KLDS 3.1003, SMQ-301, and LMD-9 genomes, (ii) to mine the relevant genes that confer probiotic and industrial properties to the strains, and (iii) show a more precise correlation between reported in vitro and in vivo properties of these strains and their genome...
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This study aims to identify the suitable subculturing time, culture media (protocols) and explants type suitable for somatic embryogenesis expression in five elite genotypes of T.cacao. Thus, petals and staminodes explants extracted from immature flower buds of genotypes (C1, C8, C9, C14, and C16) are first grown in different media (CIM and CDM) to assess the subculturing time. Then, successive transfers in EDM medium at...
Calus induction of Tacca integrifolia Ker Gawl using stem nodal segment
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A study was conducted to determine the optimum concentration of plant growth regulators on in vitro callus induction of Tacca integrifolia using stem nodal segment. Fresh, dry weight and morphology of callus were evaluated and the results showed significant effects on callus induction when analyzed at a 5% level of significance. Among the treatments, Murashige and Skoog with only 6-Benzylaminopurine (1.0 mg/L) produced the...
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Meat is highly nutritious, being a good source of various nutrients especially protein, fat and vitamins. Its composition is ideal for the growth of a wide array of spoilage bacteria. Food-borne infections outbreaks affect both developing and developed nations. The infections caused by emerging pathogens like Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli 0157, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio vulnificus, Campylobacter specis and...
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A large part of transcripts is non-coding, which is transcribed from junk DNA; long non-coding RNAs and micro-RNAs regulate the expression levels of mRNAs. For the first time, we identified lncRNAs and miRNAs with their regulatory role in the disease tolerance of Theobroma cacao. In this study, about 2616 lncRNAs and 153 miRNAs were identified from 10 RNA-seq data representing healthy and witches’ broom diseased tissues of...
Evaluation of Artificial Insemination Delivery Services to Smallholder Dairy Farmers in Ethiopia
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The study was carried out in dairy production potential areas of Oromiya, Amhara and Sothern Nations Nationalities People’s Region (SNNPR) with the objectives of evaluating artificial insemination delivery service on small holder dairy farmers, identify major constraints of artificial insemination delivery service and identify ways of alleviating problems related to artificial insemination delivery service. The study...
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Hexavalent Cr is most toxic metal and hazardous compound worldwide. It is also considered to be cellular oxidizing pollutant causing damage, mutagenic and hematopoietic effects to living systems. Present work is focused on synthesis of zero valent iron nano particles (Fe-NPs) using Bacillus subtilis SHB 13, Achromobacter xylosoxidans SHB 204 and Surfactin and their application for Cr (VI) detoxification (100 ppm) in...
Quantitative Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Potential of Adansonia digitata leaves and stem extract
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The objective of this study was to examine the phytochemical properties of the baobab tree (Adansonia digitata) stems and leaves. The dried powder of leaves and stem extract were analyzed for the presence or absence of different phytochemicals, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, etc. The quantitative analysis revealed that the leaves and stem of A. digitata are rich in total phenols, alkaloids,...
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Background: Detarium microcarpum is a forest plant widely used in West Africa. However, it’s little known and used for food. This study aims to assess the beneficial effect of incorporating the pulp of the fruit of Detarium microcarpum on the quality of the traditional malt-based drinks. Thus, the objective was to produce traditional drinks based on composite flour of Detarium microcarpum pulp and malt, then to...
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Tannase Producing Fungi from Soil
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The study was conducted to isolate and identify tannase producing fungi from soil. Soil samples were collected aseptically and cultured on tannic acid agar (TAA) to screen for tannic acid hydrolysis. The observed isolates were sub-cultured to obtain pure culture and were later subjected to secondary screening in the Czapek medium. The biomass weight, tannase activity, and gallic acid concentration in the fermentation broth...
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Dekoko is a marginalized, but economically important and endemic cool - season legume crop in Ethiopia. However, the molecular characterization of this crop has not been carried out regardless of its importance as source of protein for the rural poor in Ethiopia. This study is therefore aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of 83 Dekoko accessions collected from north Ethiopia. Three plants...
An overview of proteolytic enzymes and determination of protein content in the proteinous sample
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The world environment is changing by the socio economic factors. Most of this occurs by using chemical in industries. Digestive enzymes plays a great role in breakdown of macromolecules into micro molecules Protease also called proteinase or peptidase is a digestive enzyme that categorized under proteolytic enzymes and replaces these chemicals in industry. Protease categorized into different classes based on different...
Fermented Bamboo Shoot Health Benefits and Applications
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The term "bamboo" conjures up images of "a hollow stick," and it aids more health benefits. Mainly the tribes of northeast India ferment these nutritious bamboo shoots. Fermentation is a biotechnological process that has been used to preserve food for centuries. Fermented bamboo shoots caters a home and benefits for a variety of microorganisms. To highlight a few benefits these magical shoots are probiotic, anti-oxidant,...
Phytochemical, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activity of Epipremnum aureum
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Objective: The study was primarily carried out to assess the phytochemical contents present in the leaf of E. aureum. Herein, biochemical characterization vis-à-vis antioxidant potential and antiproliferative activity on cancer cell lines is experimented too. Methods: Healthy leaves of E. aureum after authentication were evaluated in vitro for phytochemical, antioxidant and antiproliferative activity. Various non-enzymatic...
Identification of Antagonistic Bacterium Strain and Biocontrol Effects on Ginseng Root Rot Disease
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From healthy mountain-cultivated ginseng leaves, 45 endophytic bacteria strains were isolated. Antagonistic bacterium strain FS17 was screened with the confront culture method, and identified as Bacillus subtilis based on morphological characteristic and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Growth rate method was used to determine that the fermentation broth of FS17 had inhibitory effect on 10 plant pathogenic fungi, and the...
Comparative physiological studies of parental and fusant protoplasts culture of Volvariella volvacea
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Very little information is available in the physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology of Volvariella volvacea. The current study was carried out to understand the effect of different macro- and microelements and vitamins on the mycelial growth and yield of protein by the mycelia of parental and fusant protoplasts strain of V. volvacea. The method adopted in this experiment was to study the additive and deficient...
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Cotton is grown in about 101 countries with about 10 countries including China contributing highest quantity. Africa contributes less than 5% to the global demand for cotton. Processing of cotton generate so many businesses for the rural people of China and Africa. Like other cotton producing continents, the majorly cultivated species of cotton in China and Africa is Gossypium hirsutisms Gh (Upland Cotton) and is mostly...
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Application of DNA fingerprint is the method which permits documentation of genetic material with high accuracy and permanency as it is not predisposed by environment, epistatic interactions and other factors. Seed quality and purity are the important key aspects to be maintained in seed multiplication and production to enhance yield and productivity. The aim of this study was to assess genetic purity of yellow bean...
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Background: Hypertension is a common debilitating illness among people in both developed and developing countries. This study investigated the effect and possible mechanism of the antihypertensive activity of lycopene-rich extract of Solanum lycopersicon (LRESL) on Wistar rats. Methods: Sixty (60) hypertensive Wistar rats were divided into seven experimental groups viz: Group A served as a normotensive group and received...
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Lignocellulosic biomass is applauded to be the cheapest resource for second generation biofuels. However, the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass is quiet challenging due to the complexity in structure. The study investigated the saccharification potential of in-house enzymes produced from a white-rot basidiomycete strain, Polyporus ciliatus CBS 366.74 on a lignocellulosic biomass such as pretreated corn stover. The...
Genetic characterisation of Colophospermum mopane and its ecotypes using RAPD analysis
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Colophospermum mopane and its ecotypes are currently recognized on morphological and physiological characters. To add to the suite of taxonomic characters, the genetic variability of C. mopane (sensu stricto) and its ecotypes were investigated using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA. DNA was extracted from young and mature leaves using the CTAB method. Twenty random primers were tested for their suitability and...
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AFLP markers were used for evaluating genetic diversity, population substructure, species relationships, and gene flow among eighty-five accessions belonging to the mungo-radiata group of section Ceratotropis of subgenus Ceratotropis of genus Vigna. Twelve preselected AFLP primers generated 1869 polymorphic amplification products. The number of fragments for each primer pair ranged from 44 to 296, showing 100%...
Multi-location Study of Six-Rowed Barley Lines for Malt Quality
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In Ethiopia, both two- and six-rowed barleys can grow in the highlands. However, the country is not self-sufficient in barley malt, and it depends on imports from different overseas countries. Little effort has been made in two-rowed malt barley variety release and production to overcome the low malt barley supply. So far, the lack of six-rowed barley varieties with good malt quality is a gap in malt barley research in...
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This study investigates the pretreatments and drying method effects on white yam’s physicochemical, microbial, and sensory qualities. The fresh tubers were washed, (equally) uniformly sliced, pretreated, dried, and processed into flours. The flours were evaluated for physicochemical, microbial, and sensory properties using standard methods. The results showed that all physicochemical parameters examined were significantly (p
A review of traditional fermented foods and beverages of the Democratic Republic of Congo
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Several traditional fermented foods and beverages are produced at the household level in the Democratic Republic of Congo. These include fermented cereal-based porridges from sorghum or eleusine ( musululu ), from corn (mandrakwa and Munkoyo); fermented cereal-based foods (bakinde), fermented milk products (mashanza and kivuguto), fermented root-based foods (kwanga, lobe, tshomba tshia kabiola, tshomba tsha mbenzu,...
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Development of the multiple antibiotic resistance is the major cause of clinical infections world wide and has been increasing. This study determined the pattern of bacterial multiple antibiotic resistance in hospital sewage samples obtained from Marathwada region of India. The present study had used 48 isolates of bacteria obtained from 6 different locations of Aurangabad, Marathwada India. Antibiotic sensitivity test...
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The water-uptake pattern of Tiger-nut (Cypecus esculentus) yellow variety was determined at 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50oC during soaking for 0 - 96 hours. Also, the microbial load of the soak water at the point of full turgidity of soaked tiger nut at temperatures of 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50oC was were also determined. The hydration curves obtained showed shows that most of the moisture uptake took place within the first 24 hours,...
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Background: Little research effort is directed towards addressing the controversies surrounding the effects on caffeine on humans. Its increasing consumption and industrial application is why researches need to be geared up in this area. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of Myristica fragrans following concomitant oral administration of caffeine using histopathological, histochemical and biochemical...
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Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], a cereal crop of family Poaceae, is believed to be originated in Ethiopia and Sudan. It is an important food security crop mainly in semi-arid and tropical parts of the African countries. Although many morphological and molecular diversity studies reveal the existence of genetic variations with sorghum populations, their distribution within basic races were not considered. Hence, the...
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Jatropha is a drought-tolerant plant producing seed oil for the biodiesel. Limitation to the development of jatropha is unavailability of high-yielding varieties and efficient in vitro regeneration system which is required for micropropagation. In this study, in vitro regeneration system from jatropha juvenile cotyledon was established. Firstly, concentrations of hormones in the MS medium were optimized and it was found...
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Biological and nutritional stressors can compromise the welfare of birds. These are due to changes in the normal levels of biochemical and physiological parameters of the birds which can be measured at different loci to determine the severity of the stresses. This study evaluated the haematological and biochemical traits as stress indicators in three genetic strains of broilers (Arbor Acre, Cobb-500, Marshall) reared at...
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Industrialization in the Niger delta region of southern Nigeria has resulted in excessive discharge of industrial wastes, especially oil spillage. Farming in this region has declined and cotton farming has not survived there due to this menace. Phytoremediation an emerging green technology has been adopted for the revitalization of farming in polluted sites and has been integrated towards solving this challenge. Many...
Survival rate of donkey foals: status quo and improvement methods
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The industrial improvement of donkey-hide gelatin and the development of related products, such as donkey meat, donkey milk, and donkey-hide gelatin cake, drive the upstream donkey breeding industry. However, the shortage of donkey germplasm resources seriously restricts the further development of the donkey industry. Under the biological limitations of long breeding cycle, slow breeding, low conception rate, high abortion...
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The present research was undertaken to identify the bioactive compounds present in two varieties of Mucuna pruriens var utilis: (IIHR Selection 3 and Arka Dhanvantari) and their pharmaceutical importance evaluated through phytochemical and in-silico screening. The phytochemical screening of the leaf and seed extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, proteins, terpenoids, reducing sugars,...
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Hormesis is a biphasic dose (concentration)-response phenomenon characterized by low dose stimulatory and high dose inhibitory effects exerted by stressors on living organisms. Recently, there has been increased interest in the phenomenon and statistical models for its exploration in toxicological studies. The bilogistic model of Beckon et al. (2005) is one of such models for modeling biphasic dose-response relationships...
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Callistemon citrinus is a plant that is native to Australia. It is also known as Callistemon lanceolatus or Melalenca citrina. In South Africa, this plant is grown as an ornamental and invasive species. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of 3 concentrations (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of methanolic leaf extracts of C. lanceolatus on male Wistar rats. The experiments correlated significantly...
Advances on the application of non-coding RNA in crop improvement
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Thanks to committed plant breeding researchers over the few decades, many problems associated with food supply and qualities have been improved. Food security is an exceptionally serious worldwide issue via world climate change, the increase in human population, and the use of plants for bioethanol production in current years. Improved tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress, resistance to herbicides, improved yield, and...
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Chickpea is an economically important crop grown by nearly one million Ethiopian smallholder farmers. The crop is often considered as “stress-loving”, but moisture stress at critical growth stages could be detrimental. Yield of chickpea is commonly affected by terminal drought stress in the rainfed production system in Ethiopia. The lack of proper field-screening methods has hindered the development of drought tolerant...
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Chitin deacetylases are enzymes responsible for structuring chitin of chitin-producing organisms. Chitin deacetylases are well studied in fungi and bacteria, but the canonical structure was just recently characterized for an insect, the silk moth Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) (PDB: 5ZNT; 5ZNS). The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a polyphagous insect that causes severe loses in agriculture every...
The Determination of Chemical Composition in Some Vinegars and Compliance with Food Legislation
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This paper covers that the six different brand sold (genuine-organic-synthetic apples and grapes) in Turkey and spontaneous fermentation vinegars produced with seven fruits (apple, white and red grapes, mandarin, pear, carrot, melon) in the laboratory had been analysed according to pH value, acidity, density, the amount of dry matter, color measurement, the ash content and the water activity. The aim of the study was to...
TrichoPlus (Trichoderma asperellum) as a promoter of vegetative growth in soybeans
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Fungi of the genus Trichoderma are found naturally in the soil and used as an active ingredient in biofungicides and also have activity as promoters of plant growth. This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the product TrichoPlus, containing Trichoderma asperellum as a promoter of soybean plant growth. Four independent experiments were carried out, in different periods between 2019 and 2020. The experiments were...
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