Survey was conducted from July to December 2019, aimed at assessing medium and large-sized mammals’ diversity, and their major threats management of the study area in Fura-Faragosa Communal Forest (FFCF) areas, Gamo zone, Southern Ethiopia. Systematic sampling design and Line transect field method using direct and indirect field observations were used to assess mammals and their threats, whereas key informant interview using semi-structured interview was implemented to evaluate the threats management practice of local people. A total of 685 individuals belonging to 21 species, 6 orders and 13 families were recorded. Nine were the medium-sized mammals while 12 were the large mammals of the study area. Papio anubis and Chlorocebus aethiops were the dominant species identified. Among observed mammals, 371 individuals were recorded in dry season while 314 individuals were recorded in wet season and abundance varied significantly between seasons. The threatening factors were logging of trees for fuelwood and house construction, overgrazing, deforestation, human-mammal conflict, mining, and invasive alien plants. The local community has good management practices such as legal codes to conserve forest resources to minimize hunting, lodging, and uncontrolled grazing. As the area is rich in mammals and threatened by different factors, urgent conservation action by scaling up of local people management practice is highly recommended.

Keywords: Abundance, Composition, Diversity indices, Threats management