A global literature review of Prosopis juliflora reveals, it is a powerful invasive plant species throughout the tropical biome and provides abundance of opportunities with challenges. Invasion and growth performance of P. juliflora is reported. Seed production is a proxy measure for invasion and wood production is a proxy measure for growth. Global average seed production of P. juliflora is 7.8 tons per hectare per year. Global average wood production of P. juliflora is 17.7 tons per hectare per year and it sequesters 500 kg carbon per hectare per year. Opportunities of P. juliflora outshine challenges; and current trends are converging to recommend co-existence with this invasive plant species. Growth requirements of P. juliflora reveal it is a potential tree for desert greening. Elevation range is 0 m up to 2900 m, temperature range is 20 0C up to 50 0C, and rainfall range is 75 mm up to 600 mm. Invasion and growth potential of P. juliflora related to desert greening and resolving the global climate change complex are not yet sufficiently studied. Control measures discovered so far against P. juliflora invasions (where ever it grows not needed and labelled invasive weed) are only partially effective and have side effects. Henceforth, nature conservation research scientists are invited to resolve these challenges.

Keywords: Biology, control measures, trends, growth performance, growth requirements, invasion performance