International Journal of
Biodiversity and Conservation

  • Abbreviation: Int. J. Biodivers. Conserv.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 2141-243X
  • DOI: 10.5897/IJBC
  • Start Year: 2009
  • Published Articles: 680

Full Length Research Paper

Threats and their relative severity and driving forces in the African Elephant range wildlife protected areas of Ethiopia

Mekbeb Eshetu Tessema
  • Mekbeb Eshetu Tessema
  • Biodiversity and Environmental Consultant, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Google Scholar
Kumara Wakjira
  • Kumara Wakjira
  • Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority, P. O. Box 386, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Google Scholar
Addisu Asefa
  • Addisu Asefa
  • Enhanced Management and Effectiveness of Ethiopia’s PAs, c/o Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority, P. O. Box 386, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
  • Google Scholar


  •  Received: 26 April 2019
  •  Accepted: 11 July 2019
  •  Published: 31 July 2019

References

Acha A, Temesgen M (2015). Approaches to human-wildlife conflict management in and around Chebera-Churchura National Park, Southern Ethiopia. Asian Journal of Conservation Biology 4(2):136-142.

 

Andam KS, Ferraro PJ, Pfaff A, Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa G, Robalino JA (2008). Measuring the effectiveness of protected area networks in reducing deforestation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105:16089-16094.
Crossref

 
 

Asefa A (2008). Mountain nyala and Ethiopian wolf mortalities in the northern side of Bale Mountains National Park, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences 7(2):179-184.

 
 

Asefa A, Didita M (2018). Report on experience sharing visit to Kenya wildlife service and protected areas. Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

 
 

Asefa A, Shimelis A, Kinahan A (2015). Assessment of threat status in the northern Afromontane forests of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 8(3):318-329.
Crossref

 
 

Bargali SS, Singh SP, Shrivastava SK, Kolhe SS (2007). Forestry plantations on rice bunds: Farmers' perceptions and technology adoption. International Rice Research Notes 32(2):40-41.

 
 

Bargali SS, Pandey K, Singh L, Shrivastava SK (2009). Participation of rural women in rice based agroecosystem. International Rice Research Notes 33(1):1-2.

 
 

Biplab B, Sagar R, Bargali SS, Verma H (2017). Tree species composition, regeneration and diversity within the protected area of Indian dry tropical forest. Tropical Ecology 58(3):409-423.

 
 

Barnes MD, Craigie ID, Harrison LB, Geldmann J, Collen B, Whitmee S, Woodley S (2016). Wildlife population trends in protected areas predicted by national socio-economic metrics and body size. Nature Communications 7(1):27-47.
Crossref

 
 

Belayneh A, Bekele T, Demissew S (2011). The natural vegetation of Babile Elephant Sanctuary, eastern Ethiopia: Implications for biodiversity conservation. Ethiopian Journal of Biological Sciences 10(2):137-152.

 
 

Babile Elephant Sanctuary (BES) (2018). A report on Elephant mortality in the BES. BES, Babile, Ethiopia.

 
 

Carranza T, Manica A, Kapos V, Balmford A (2014). Mismatches between conservation outcomes and management evaluation in protected areas: A case study in the Brazilian Cerrado. Biological Conservation 173:10-16.
Crossref

 
 

Coetzee BWT (2017). Evaluating the ecological performance of protected areas. Biological Conservation 26:231-236.
Crossref

 
 

Conservation International (2013). Constructing theories of change models for ecosystem-based adaptation projects: A guidance document. Conservation International, Arlington, VA.

 
 

Cvitanovic C, Marshall NA, Wilson SK, Dobbs K, Hobday AJ (2014). Perceptions of Australian marine protected area managers regarding the role, importance, and achievability of adaptation for managing the risks of climate change. Ecology and Society 19(4):33.
Crossref

 
 

Demeke Y (2008). The status of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) in Ethiopia. Walia 15:23-32.

 
 

Eklund J, Blanchet FG, Nyman J, Rocha R, Virtanen T, Cabeza M (2016). Contrasting spatial and temporal trends of protected area effectiveness in mitigating deforestation in Madagascar. Biological Conservation 203:290-297.
Crossref

 
 

Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA) (2015). Ethiopian National Elephant Action Plan (2015-2025). EWCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

 
 

Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority EWCA (2018). Kafta-Sheraro National Park draft General Management Plan (2018-2028). EWCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

 
 

Gebre A (2018). Report on assessment of the impacts of human-induced threats on wildlife in Omo National Park, southern Ethiopia: With special reference to sugarcane irrigation canal. EWCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

 
 

Geldmann J, Barnes M, Coad L, Craigie ID, Hockings M, Burgess ND (2013). Effectiveness of terrestrial protected areas in reducing habitat loss and population declines. Biological Conservation 161:230-238.
Crossref

 
 

Hika G, Wanjiro D, Shifeta F, Nega W (2018). A report on a field trip to Mago National Park to gather and compile basic information needed for the preparation of a General Management Plan of the Park. EWCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

 
 

Hockings M, Stolton S, Leverington F (2006). Evaluating effectiveness: A framework for assessing management effectiveness of protected areas (2nd ed.). IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, England.
Crossref

 
 

Institute of Biodiversity Conservation (IBC) (2005). Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: National Biodiversity and Action Plan. IBC, Addis Ababa.

 
 

Jacobs MJ, Schloeder CA (2001). Impacts of conflict on biodiversity and protected areas in Ethiopia. Biodiversity Support Program, Washington, D.C, USA 45 p.

 
 

Kinahan AA, Laurenson K (2013). Guidelines for developing an ecological and threat monitoring programme. Frankfurt Zoological Society, Serengeti, Tanzania P 66.

 
 

Kiringe JW, Okello MM (2007). Threats and their relative severity to wildlife protected areas of Kenya. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 5(2):49-62.
Crossref

 
 

Laing K, Todd L (EDS) (2015). Theory-based Methodology: Using theories of change in educational development, research and evaluation. Newcastle University, Newcastle, England 32p.

 
 

Megaze A, Mundanthra B, Belay G (2017). The attitudes and practices of local people towards wildlife in Chebera Churchura national park, Ethiopia, International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 9(2):45-55.
Crossref

 
 

Parihaar RS, Bargali K, Bargali SS (2015). Status of an indigenous agroforestry system: a case study in Kumaun Himalaya, India. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 85(3):442-447.

 
 

Pandey K, Bargali S, Kolhe SS (2011). Adoption of technology by rural women in rice based agroecosystem. International Rice Research Notes 36:1-4.

 
 

Pyhälä A, Eklund J, Mcbride MF, Rakotoarijaona MA, Cabeza M (2019). Managers' perceptions of protected area outcomes in Madagascar highlight the need for species monitoring and knowledge transfer. Conservation Practices 1:e6.
Crossref

 
 

Shoshani J, Hagos Y, Yacob Y, Ghebrehiwet M, Kebrom E (2004). The elephants (Loxodonta africana) of Zoba Gash Barka, Eritrea: Part 2. Numbers and distribution, ecology and behaviour, and fauna and flora in their ecosystem. Pachyderm 36:52-68.

 
 

Timko JA, Innes JL (2009). Evaluating ecological integrity in national parks: Case studies from Canada and South Africa. . Biological Conservation 142:676-688.
Crossref

 
 

UNEP-WCMC, IUCN, NGS (2018). Protected Planet Report 2018. UNEP-WCMC, IUCN and NGS: Cambridge UK; Gland, Switzerland; and Washington, D.C., USA.

 
 

Vreugdenhil AD, Tilahun T, Shimelis A, Tefera Z (2012). Gap analysis of the protected areas system of Ethiopia. World Institute for Conservation and Environment, Washington, USA.

 
 

Wale M, Kassie A, Mulualem G, Tesfahunegny W, Assefa A (2017). Wildlife threats and their relative severity of eastern Ethiopia protected areas. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 2(4):59-67.
Crossref

 
 

Wendim E, Gizaw G, Arefine Z (2014). Wildlife conservation assessment study on Kafta-Sheraro National Park. EWCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia P 52.

 
 

Zyl DH (2015). The economic value and potential of the wildlife protected areas of Ethiopia: Case study on 14 federal protected areas. EWCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.