Abay GY, Bauer H, Gebrihiwot K, Deckers J (2011). Peri-urban spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in northern Ethiopia: diet, economic impact and abundance. Eur. J. Wildlife Res. 57:759-765.
Crossref

Boitani L, Powell RA (2012). Carnivore Ecology and Conservation: A Handbook of Techniques (Techniques in Ecology and Conservation). Page 544. Oxford University Press, USA.
Crossref

Boydston EE, Kapheim KM, Watts HE, Szykman M, Holekamp KE (2003). Altered behavior in spotted hyenas associated with increased human activity. Anim. Conserv. 6:207-219.
Crossref

Dickman AJ (2008). Investigating key determinants of conflict between people and wildlife, particularly large carnivores, around Ruaha National Park, Tanzania. University College.

Frank LG, Holekamp KE, Smale L (1995). Dominance, demography, and reproductive success of female spotted hyenas. In: Sinclair, A.R.E. & Arcese, P. eds. Serengeti II: dynamics, management, and conservation of an ecosystem. University of Chicago Press: Chicago, Illinois, USA. 364-384.

Gade DW (2006). Hyenas and humans in the Horn of Africa. Geographical Review 96:609-632.
Crossref

Holmern T, Nyahongo JW, Røskaft E (2007). Livestock loss caused by predators outside the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Biol. Conserv. 135:518-542.
Crossref

Kaswamila A (2009). Human - wildlife conflicts in Monduli District, Tanzania. Intl. J. Biodiv. Sci. Manage. 5:199-207.
Crossref

Kent VT (2011). The status and conservation potential of carnivores in semi-arid rangelands, Botswana the Ghanzi Farmlands: A case study. Durham University.

Kissui BM (2008). Livestock predation by lions, leopard, and spotted hyenas, and their vulnerability to retaliatory killing in the Maasai steppe, Tanzania. Anim. Conserv. 11:422-432.
Crossref

Kolowski JM, Holekamp KE (2009). Ecological and anthropogenic influences on space use by spotted hyenas. J. Zool. 277:23-36.
Crossref

Kolowski JM, Holekamp KE (2006). Spatial, temporal, and physical characteristics of livestock depredations by large carnivores along a Kenyan reserve border. Biol. Conserv. 128:529-541.
Crossref

Lyamuya R, Masenga E, Fyumagwa R, Røskaft E (2013). Human-carnivore conflict over livestock in the eastern part of the Serengeti ecosystem, with special emphasis on African wild dogs. Oryx in the press.

Mills MGL, Harvey M (2001). African predators. Cape Town: Struik.

Mills MGL (1990). Kalahari hyenas: comparative behavioral ecology of two species. London. Unwin Hyemn.

Mills MGL, Hofer H (1998). Hyenas. Status Survey & Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Hyena Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom (compilers).

Nyahongo JW (2007). Depredation of livestock by wild carnivores and illegal utilization of natural resources by humans in the Western Serengeti PhD. Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.

Ogada M, Woodroffe R, Oguge ON, Frank GL (2003). Limiting depredation by African carnivores: the role of livestock husbandry. Conserv. Biol. 17:1521-1530.
Crossref

Patterson BD, Kaski SM, Selempo E, Kays RW (2004). Livestock predation by lions (Panthera leo) and other carnivores on ranches neighboring Tsavo national parks, Kenya. Biol. Conserv. 119:507-516.
Crossref

Sitati NW, Walpole MJ, Leader-Williams N (2003). Predicting spatial aspects of human-elephant conflict. J. Animal Ecol. 20:667-677.
Crossref

Sunquist ME, Sunquist F (2001). Changing landscapes: consequences for carnivores. In Carnivore conservation: 399- range and area reached by animal vocalizations. J. experimental Biol. 200:421-431.

Thirgood S, Woodroffe R, Rabinowitz A (2005). The impact of human-wildlife conflict in human lives and livelihood. In R. Woodroffe, S. Thirgood, & A. Rabinowitz (Eds.). People and wildlife, Conflict or coexistence? Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 13-16

Van Meter PE, French JA, Dloniak SM, Watts HE, Holekamp KE (2009). Fecal glucocorticoids reflect socio-ecological and anthropogenic stressors in the lives of wild spotted hyena. Horm. Behav. 55:329-337.
Crossref

Woodroffe R (2000). Predators and people: using human densities to interpret declines of large carnivores. Animal Conserv. 3:165-173.
Crossref

Yirga G, De Iongh HH, Leirs H, Gebrehiwot K, Deckers J, Bauer H (2012). Adaptability of large carnivores to changing anthropogenic food sources: diet change of spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) during Christian fasting period in Northern Ethiopia. J. Anim. Ecol. 81:1052-1055.
Crossref

Yirga G, Ersino W, De Iongh HH, Leirs H, Gebrehiwot K, Deckers J, Bauer H (2013). Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) coexisting at high density with people in Wukro district, northern Ethiopia. Mammalian Biol. 78:193-197.
Crossref

Yirga G, Leirs H, De Iongh HH, Asmelash T, Gebrehiwot K, Deckers J, Bauer H (Unpublished data). Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) concentrate around urban waste dumps across Northern Ethiopia.