International Journal of
Physical Sciences

  • Abbreviation: Int. J. Phys. Sci.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 1992-1950
  • DOI: 10.5897/IJPS
  • Start Year: 2006
  • Published Articles: 2574

Full Length Research Paper

Self-decision route selection for energy balancing in wireless sensor networks

Ahmed M. Shamsan Almshreqi1*, Borhanuddin Mohd. Ali1,2, Mohd Fadlee A. Rasid1, Alyani Ismail1 and Pooria varahram1
  1Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Email: [email protected]

  •  Accepted: 07 December 2011
  •  Published: 30 December 2011

Abstract

 

In many wireless sensor network (WSN) applications, data from the monitored environmental phenomenon only need to be sampled intermittently and transmitted to the base station. Hence, an intelligent protocol that balances the traffic load among the nodes and minimizes their energy usage, especially during routing and idle listening, which is necessary to extend the network lifetime. In this paper, a load balancing model that balances the rate of energy dissipation of the sensor nodes across the network is proposed. The proposed energy balancing scheme distributes the traffic load regularly and slowly over the sensor nodes during routing, such that the overall network life time is optimized, and the sensors die almost all at the same time. The proposed energy balancing protocol reduces the high energy consumption during the transmission and reception states, this is done by introducing multi-hop instead of single-hop communication of each node with the sink. Simulation results show that the proposed energy balancing protocol reduces the transmission energy usage by up to 64%, while the reception energy usage is reduced up to 67%. Moreover, the system throughput as well as the network lifetime increased up to 79% and 66%, respectively.

 

Key words: Wireless sensor networks, energy balancing, energy saving, lifetime.