January 2012
The properties and the effect of operating parameters on nickel plating (review)
The energy required in an electroplating process and the material costs are important considerations in product manufacturing. The most important plating criteria, however, are quality and the uniformity of the deposited metals. The nickel plating process is used extensively for decorative, engineering, and electroforming purposes. Because of the appearance and other properties of the electrodeposited material, nickel...
January 2012
Modeling of glow discharge controlled by a dielectric barrier
Numerical calculations of spatio-temporal characteristics of the homogeneous barrier discharge in helium are performed by means of a one-dimensional fluid model. This model consists of the continuity equations for electrons, ions and excited atoms, with the current conservation equation and the electric field profile; the time evolution of the discharge current, gas voltage and the surface density...
January 2012
Modeling and application of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based variable speed wind generation system
n the early development of wind energy, the majority of wind turbines were operated at constant speed. Recently, the number of variable-speed wind turbines installed in wind farms has increased and more wind turbine manufacturers are making variable-speed wind turbines. In this paper, maximum power control of wind turbine and permanent magnet synchronous generator connected with two back to back voltage source...
January 2012
Unsteady flow of a Newtonian fluid induced by eccentric-concentric rotation of a porous disk and the fluid at infinity
The unsteady flow of a Newtonian fluid produced by a sudden coincidence of the axes of a porous disk and the fluid at infinity has been investigated while they are initially rotating with the same angular velocity about non-coincident axes. The exact solutions of both the velocity field and the components of shear stress on the disk have been obtained with the use of the Laplace transform technique. During the...
January 2012
Simulation-based microwave imaging of plain and reinforced concrete for nondestructive evaluation
The focus of this paper is the implementation of a backpropagation algorithm as a potential solution for the inverse source problem for microwave imaging of plain and reinforced concrete targets. The data used in imaging was obtained from numerical simulation of far-field microwave scattering by concrete targets using typical frequency bandwidth of commercially available radar systems. A finite difference-time domain...
January 2012
The acute hypoxia indication by the dissonant intervals of the speech signal
The paper analyzes the effect of acute hypoxia to dissonant intervals at the speech signal. It presents the factors that lead to the hypoxia as a consequence of the oxygen concentration decrease in the tissue. Furthermore, a definition of dissonant spectrum ranges of the speech signal is determined. It is made in relation to the fundamental frequency. It stands as tones' F#, B and C# in...
January 2012
The effects of different laser doses on skin
The laser-skin interaction was studied using the laboratory albino rat skin as an experimental sample and 10.6 μm wavelength CO2 laser as a source of irradiation. This study aimed to determine the effect of different laser doses on the skin structure as a trial to understand how laser exerts its medical effects in treating skin problems. It also aimed to determine the relationship between the laser dose and...
January 2012
Extended general bifunction variational inequalities
In this paper, we introduce and consider a new class of variational inequalities which is called the mixed extended general bifunction variational inequality. We suggest and analyze some proximal methods for solving the mixed extended general bifunction variational inequalities using the auxiliary principle technique. Convergence of these methods is considered under some mild suitable conditions. Several cases are also...
January 2012
A selection approach for solving buffer allocation problem
In this paper, we dealt with one problem in designing a production line, which is the problem of buffer allocation. A selection approach was developed and tested for selecting the best design for a huge number of alternatives set. The proposed selection approach is a combination between cardinal and ordinal optimization. The algorithm involves four procedures; ordinal optimization, optimal computing budget allocation,...
January 2012
Observer design for rectangular discrete-time singular systems with time-varying delay
In this paper, observer design problem for rectangular discrete-time singular systems with time-varying delay is discussed. Based on restricted system equivalent (RSE) transformations and by introducing new state vectors, the problem is transformed into observer design problem for time-varying delay discrete-time standard state-space systems. By Lyapunov function method and linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique, the...
January 2012
Existence of solutions for G-SDEs with upper and lower solutions in the reverse order
The existence of solutions for stochastic differential equations under G-Brownian motion (G-SDEs) of the typein the presence of a lower solution and an upper solution in a reverse order is established. By the method of upper and lower solutions in the reverse order, it is shown that the G-SDEs have more than one solution if the drift coefficients are discontinuous functions. Key...
January 2012
Comparative study on fuzzy inference systems for prediction of concrete compressive strength
The aim of this comparative study is to evaluate the effects of different methods, used for ''aggregation'' and ''defuzzification'', on the output. To reach this goal, six fuzzy inference systems (FIS-1, FIS-2, FIS-3, FIS-4, FIS-5 and FIS-6) have been designed (with the same rule bases) with different methods used for aggregation, defuzzification, and overlapping between the fuzzy sets....
January 2012
A load balancing interference aware routing metric (LBIARM) for multi hop wireless mesh network
It is a well-known fact that routing metrics play a crucial part in the performance of wireless mesh networks (WMN). When routing protocols are implemented, the routing metrics are assigned to different paths. It calculates the best path to predict the best routing path. They are integrated in routing protocols to improve WMNs efficiency in terms of reliability, latency, throughput, error rate and cost. This paper...
January 2012
Fingerprint images segmentation based on fuzzy C-mean theory and statistical features
Fingerprint segmentation is a crucial and important step of image processing in automatic fingerprint identification. Because, it is very important for alright fingerprint features extraction, such as, singular points, bifurcation and ridge ending minutia’s. The aim of the segmentation of fingerprint is to extract the interest area (foreground) and to exclude the background regions, in order to reduce the time of...
January 2012
Preprocessing and pectoral muscle separation from breast mammograms
Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) systems can be used as a second opinion to the radiologists for diagnosis of breast cancer from mammogram images. In this paper, we have proposed preprocessing method to remove noise from mammogram images. Then, enhancement has been performed. After that, background has been removed. Finally, pectoral muscle separation has been performed. It has been noted that results are very much...
January 2012
Synthesis of Cu-Ag core-shell particles: Study on cover silver homogeneity
Cu-Ag particles with homogeneous cover-silver layer were synthesized by electroless plating of copper particles with silver sulfate using eco-friendly sodium citrate (SC) as reducing agent, dispersant and chelating agent in an aqueous system. The influences of sodium citrate/Cu and sodium citrate/Ag ratios on Ag coatings of Cu powders were investigated. Ag formed a dense coating on the surface of Cu powders at a molar...
January 2012
Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) module in urban housing in Khartoum: Concept and design considerations
This paper searches to find out building of integrated photovoltaic (PV) system designs in Khartoum. It discussed technical issues and the design of an integrated PV in domestic use, within an urban approach towards sustainability in energy. PV systems can be used to develop the solar energy in almost all kinds of applications. Exploiting of solar energy for domestic use is one avenue where the energy produced from...
January 2012
Physicochemical and mineralogical considerations of Ediki sandstone-hosted kaolin occurrence, South West Cameroon
Field mapping, colour, particle size distribution, pH and x-ray diffraction studies were undertaken to elucidate the genesis of Ediki kaolin. The kaolin occurs within the Mungo formation of upper cretaceous age, ascribed to the Douala sedimentary basin. The kaolin profile consists of upward coarsening sandstone – siltstone – sandstone sequence with a gradient of 35 to 40°. Texturally, the kaolin is...
January 2012
Influence of evaporation on transient suction distribution in unsaturated soil
This paper presents the results of numerical analysis on influence of evaporation process on the transient suction distribution induced by rainfall infiltration in unsaturated soil. Transient seepage and slope stability analyses were carried out using commercial software SEEP/W and SLOPE/W (Geo-Slope International, 2007a, b) on 1-year data representing a site at Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Soil samples were...
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