Journal of
African Studies and Development

  • Abbreviation: J. Afr. Stud. Dev
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 2141-2189
  • DOI: 10.5897/JASD
  • Start Year: 2009
  • Published Articles: 238

Full Length Research Paper

Exploring women’s resilience in doing business during the covid-19 pandemic - A phenomenological study

Patrick Gatsinzi
  • Patrick Gatsinzi
  • Department of Quality Assurance, East African University, Rwanda.
  • Google Scholar
Livingstone Byandaga
  • Livingstone Byandaga
  • Alliance of Bioversity International-CIAT, Rwanda.
  • Google Scholar


  •  Received: 08 July 2021
  •  Accepted: 13 December 2021
  •  Published: 30 June 2024

References

Anderson AR, Harbi SE, Brahmen M (2013). Enacting entrepreneurship in informal business. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 14(3):137-149.
Crossref

 

Bocon-Shone J (2015). Introduction to quantitative research methods. The University of Hong Kong.

 

Boost M, Dagg J, Gray J, Promberger M (2020). Poverty, crisis and resilience. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
Crossref

 

Carter S, Marlow C (2007). Female entrepreneurship. Theoretical and perspectives and empirical evidence. In: N. Carter, C. Henry B, Cinneide O, Johnston K (eds.), female entrepreneurship: implications for education, training and policy. London: Routledge pp. 11-37.

 

Cramer C, Sender J (2020). High-yielding policies in Africa. In Cramer C, Sender J, Aubay A (eds.), African Development: Evidence, theory, policy. Oxford University Press pp. 241-254.
Crossref

 

Cramer C, Sender J, Aubay A (2020). African development: Evidence, theory, policy. Oxford University Press.
Crossref

 

Creswell JW (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

 

Davidson DJ (2010). The applicability of the concept of resilience to social systems: Some sources of optimism and nagging doubts. Society and Natural Resources 23(12):1135-1149.
Crossref

 

Fletschner D (2009). Rural women's access to credit: Market imperfections and intra household dynamics. World Development 37(3):618-631.
Crossref

 

Guetterman T (2015). Descriptions of sampling practices within five approaches to qualitative research in education and the health sciences. Lincoln: University of Nebraska.

 

Folke C (2016). Resilience. Ecology and Society 21(4):44.
Crossref

 

Haq M (2015). A comparative analysis of quantitative and qualitative research methods and a justification for adopting mixed methods. University of Huddersfield.

 

International Labour Office (ILO) (2019). World employment social outlook trends 2019. International Labour Office.

 

International Labour Office (ILO) (2016). Women entrepreneurship development assessment-Egypt. ILO-Geneva.

 

Isiwu P, Onwuka I (2017). Psychological factors that influences entreprenual intention among women in Nigeria: A study based in South East Nigeria. Journal of Entrepreneurship 26:13.
Crossref

 

Kantengwa S (2020). Civil society organizations push for gender inclusive approach in economic recovery plan. The New Times. Kigali.

 

KPMG (2020). Budget brief Rwanda 2020. KPMG Rwanda Limited.

View

 

Loh JMI, Dahesihsari R (2013). Resilience and economic empowerment: A qualitative investigation of entrepreneurial Indonesian woman. Journal of Enterprising Culture 21(1):107-121.
Crossref

 

Longstaff PH, Armstrong NJ, Perrin K, Parker WM, Hidek MA (2010). Building resilient communities: A preliminary Framework for assessment. Homeland Security Affairs 6(3).

 

Maxwell AJ (2013). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach (3rd edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

 

Mazzucato M (2015). Entrepreneur state: debunking public vs. private sector myth. Anthem Press.

 

Menuer F, Krylova Y, Rahalho R (2017). Women's entrepreneurship: How to measure the gap between new female and male entreprenuers? Policy Research Working Paper 8242. World Bank Group.
Crossref

 

Morse JM (1994). Designing funded qualitative research. In. Denzin KN, Lincoln SY (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage pp. 220-235.

 

Naicker V, Nsengimana S (2020). Factors that constraints women entrepreneurship in Kigali. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal 26:2.

View

 

National Institute of Statistics Rwanda (NISR) (2019). Labour force survey. NISR.

 

Panda S (2018). Constraints faced by women entreprenuers in developing countries: Review and ranking. Gender in Management, 33:3.
Crossref

 

Patton MQ (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th Edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

 

Sarker S, Pallit M (2014). Determinants of success factors of women entreprenuers in Bangladesh. A study based on Khulna region. Business and Economic Research 4(2):237-250.
Crossref

 

Southwick SM, Bonanno GA, Masten A, Panter-Brick C, Yehuda R. (2014). Resilience, definitions, theory and challenges: Interdisciplinary perspectives. European Journal of Psychotraumatology 5:1.
Crossref

 

Stevenson L, St-Onge A (2011). Assessment of the environment for the development of women's entrepreneurship in Cameroun, Mali, Nigeria, Rwanda, and Senegal. Employment Working Paper No 15. International Labour Office Geneva.

 

Sullivan DM, Meek WR (2012). Gender and entrepreneurship: A review and process model. Journal of Managerial Psychology 27(5):428-458.
Crossref

 

Terjesen S, Elam A (2012). Women entrepreneurship: A force for growth.

View

 

Ukamaka KO (2020). Enabling factors contributing to the success of women entrepreneurship in Nigeria. ProQuest Dissertation Publishing.

 

United Nations (UN) (2015). Sustainable Development Goals. United Nations.

 

UNDP (2020). Social economic impact of Covid-19 in Rwanda. United Nations.

 

Welter F, Smallbone D (2012). Institutional perspectives on entrepreneurship. In Hjorth D (ed.), Handbook of organizational entrepreneurship.
Crossref