Journal of
Ecology and The Natural Environment

  • Abbreviation: J. Ecol. Nat. Environ.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 2006-9847
  • DOI: 10.5897/JENE
  • Start Year: 2009
  • Published Articles: 408

Full Length Research Paper

Determinants of vegetation type patch dieback in a semi-arid area, Tutume Sub-District, Botswana

Rabson Nthata
  • Rabson Nthata
  • Tashata Community Junior Secondary School, P/Bag T23, Tatitown, Botswana.
  • Google Scholar
Shimane W. Makhabu
  • Shimane W. Makhabu
  • Department of Basic Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana.
  • Google Scholar


  •  Received: 23 August 2017
  •  Accepted: 30 November 2017
  •  Published: 31 January 2018

References

Ben-Shahar R (1996). Do elephants over-utilize mopane woodlands in northern Botswana?. J. Trop. Ecol. 12: 505-515.
Crossref

 

Chafota J, Owen-Smith N (2009). Episodic severe damage to canopy trees by elephants: interactions with fire, frost and rain. J. Trop. Ecol. 25:341-345.
Crossref

 

Chomba C, Banda C (2016). Is elephant damage to woody vegetation selective of species, plant parts and what could be plausible factors influencing such selectivity? A case study of South Luangwa National Park, Zambia. Glob. J. Biol. Agric. Health Sci. 5:157-175.

 

Ciesla WM, Donaubauer E (1994). Decline and dieback of trees and forests. A global overview. FAO Forestry Paper 120. 

View

 

Ferguson A (2014). High elephant impact is capable of converting tall mopane woodland to shrubland in the South east lowveld of Zimbabwe. Honours degree in Biological Sciences thesis, University of Cape Town, South Africa. 

View

 

Guldemond R, van Aarde R (2008). A meta-analysis of the impact of African elephants on savanna vegetation. J. Wildl. Manag. 72(4):892-899.

 

Holdo RM (2006). Elephant herbivory, frost damage and topkill in Kalahari sand woodland savanna trees. J. Veg. Sci. 17:509-518.
Crossref

 

MacGregor SD, O'Connor T (2002). Patch dieback of Colophospermum mopane in a dysfunctional semi-arid African savannah. J. Aust. Ecol. 27:385-395.
Crossref

 

Madzibane J, Potgieter MJ (1999). Uses of Colophospermum mopane (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae) by the VhaVenda. South African J. Bot. 65:440-443.
Crossref

 

Makhabu SW, Skarpe C, Hytteborn (2006). Elephant impact on shoot distribution on trees and on rebrowsing by smaller browers. Acta Oecol. 30:136-146.
Crossref

 

Makhado RA, Mapaure I, Potgieter MJ, Luus-Powell WJ, Saidi AT (2014). Factors influencing the adaptation and distribution of Colophospermum mopane in southern Africa's mopane savannas- A review. Bothalia 44, Art. #152, 9 pages.
Crossref

 

Makhado RA, Potgieter, Luus-Powell W, Cooper S, Oppong C, Kopij, Mutisi C, Makhabu S (2016). Tragelaphus strepsiceros browse during the dry season in the mopani veld of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 71:17-21.
Crossref

 

Makhado RA, von Maltitz GP, Potgieter MJ, Wessels DCJ (2009). Contribution of woodland products to rural livelihoods in the northeast of Limpopo Province, South Africa. S Afr. Geogr. J. 91:46-53.
Crossref

 

Millar CI, Westfall RD, Delany DL (2007). Response of high-elevation limber pine (Pinus flexilis) to multiyear droughts and 20th-Century warming, Sierra Nevada, California, USA. Can.J. Res.37:2508-2520.
Crossref

 

Mmolotsi RM, Obopile M, Kwerepe BC, Sebolai B, Rampart MP, Segwagwe AT, Ramolemana G, Maphane TM, Lekorwe L, Kopong I, Kelatlhilwe M, Tiroesele B (2012). Studies on Mukwa (Pterocarpus angolensis, D.C) dieback in Chobe Forest Resrves in Botswana. J. Plant Stud. 1:154-157.
Crossref

 

Mojeremane W, Lumbile AU (2005). The characteristics and economic values of Colophospermum mopane. Pakistan J. Biol.Sci. 8(5):781-784.
Crossref

 

Mosugelo DK, Moe SR, Ringrose S, Nellemann C (2002). Vegetation changes during a 36-year period in northern Chobe National Park, Botswana. Afr. J. Ecol. 40:232-240.
Crossref

 

O'Connor TG (1999). Impact of sustained drought on a semiarid Colophospermum mopane savanna. Afr. J. Range Forage Sci.15: 83–91.
Crossref

 

Pearce RS (2001). Plant freezing and damage. Ann. Bot. 87: 417-424.
Crossref

 

Skarpe C, Bergström R, Makhabu S, Rooke T. Hytteborn H, Danell K (2014). Plant- herbivore Interactions. In: Skarpe C, du Toit JT and Moe SR. Elephants and Savanna woodland ecosystems: A study from Chobe National Park, Botswana. Conservation Science and Practice no.14. Wiley Blackwell.

 

SPSS Inc. (2007). SPSS for Windows, Version 16.0. Chigago, SPSS Inc, Released 2007.

 

Stevens N, Swemmer AM, Ezzy L, Erasmus BFN (2014). Investigating potential determinants of the distribution limits of a savanna woody plant:Colophospermum mopane. J Veg. Sci. 25:363-373.
Crossref

 

Stokke S, du Toit J (2014). The Chobe elephants: one species two niches. In: Skarpe C, du Toit JT and Moe SR. Elephants and Savanna woodland ecosystems: A study from Chobe National Park, Botswana. Conservation Science and Practice no.14. Wiley Blackwell.
Crossref

 

Timberlake JR (1995). Colophospermum mopane. Annotated bibliography and review. The Zimbabwe Bulletin of Forestry Research No. 11. Forestry Commission of Zimbabwe, Bulawayo.

 

Western D, van Praet C (1973). Cyclical changes in the habitat and climate of an East African ecosystem. Nature 241:104-106.
Crossref