Research in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

  • Abbreviation: Res. Pharm. Biotech.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 2141-2324
  • DOI: 10.5897/RPB
  • Start Year: 2009
  • Published Articles: 43

Full Length Research Paper

Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical fingerprints of five crude extracts obtained from indigenous medicinal plants of Uganda

Esther Katuura
  • Esther Katuura
  • Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
  • Google Scholar
Godfrey Sande Bossa
  • Godfrey Sande Bossa
  • Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala Uganda.
  • Google Scholar
Paul Waako
  • Paul Waako
  • Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala Uganda.
  • Google Scholar
Jasper Ogwal Okeng
  • Jasper Ogwal Okeng
  • Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala Uganda.
  • Google Scholar


  •  Received: 27 November 2017
  •  Accepted: 30 November 2017
  •  Published: 31 December 2017

Abstract

Five crude extracts from four Ugandan plants were screened in vitro for their antimicrobial activity and phytochemical composition. They included the chloroform extracts of Bothliocline longipes, Maesa lanceolata, Trimeria bakeri, Rhus natalensis and the petroleum ether extract of T. bakeri. The plant crude extracts were tested against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 49619) and Entamoeba sp. Antimicrobial activities of the plants were determined by using the agar well diffusion and agar well dilution methods. The plant extracts showed activity against all the tested organisms with the zones of inhibition ranging from 4 to 19 mm. All the extracts inhibited the growth of S. aureus while the strongest activity was found for T. bakeri against S. aureus and Entamoeba sp. at 19 mm. Other plant extracts that induced strong antimicrobial activity were the chloroform extract of R. natalensis with an inhibition diameter of 13 mm against both S. aureas and P. aeruginosa and 9 mm diameter inhibition against E. coli. Only T. bakeri showed growth inhibition of S. aureus (4 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was observed against S. aureus at 0.25 g/ml by the T. bakeri and B. longipes plant extracts. Sterol and triterpenes, fatty acids, flavanoids, coumarins and alkaloids were determined in T. bakeri, B. longipes, R. natalensis and M. lanceolata. The presence of these compounds indicates that the plants may contain an active compound or one that can be used as a template for the development of a new antimalarial or antibiotic medicine.
 
Key words: Antimicrobial, medicinal plants, fingerprinting, phytochemistry.