May 2011
Sand water storage: Unconventional methods to freshwater augmentation in isolated rural communities of South Africa
South Africa water resources are scarce in global terms with mean annual rainfall of about half world average of 860 mm a year. On the other hand, current economy development with resulting contamination of available water resources will further reduce water availability, if present patterns of water use continue unchanged. The conventional water resources (largely surface water) in the country have been...
May 2011
Urban rail network connectivity in locating transfer stations: A case study of Tehran Urban Railway
Public transport connectivity is defined as the ability to provide service to a maximum of trips through the optimal integration of lines, schedules, fare systems, information systems and modal transport facilities. Main interchange and big transfer stations are important factors in network connectivity. One of the objectives of this paper is defining the various types of interchange and transfer stations....
May 2011
Application of heat pipe heat exchangers in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems
A literature review on the studies and applications of heat pipe heat exchanger in air conditioning systems in recent years is conducted. The related papers were grouped into two main categories and a summary of experimental and theoretical studies is presented. Based on this investigation, the application of a heat pipe heat exchanger or a thermosyphon heat exchanger in the conventional air conditioning...
May 2011
Some aspects of genetics study in some population in Benin City
A study of the ABO blood groupings and the anthropometric traits of the ethnic groups in Benin City were conducted. Results of the ABO blood groups showed a distribution of 57.02% for group O, 23.4% for group A, 17.57% for group B and 1.99% for group AB in the sampled population. Data from the anthropometric traits showed no significant difference between the traits of the three ethnic groups. However, the...
May 2011
Unconfined compressive strength characteristics of stabilized peat
Deep stabilized peat columns could be considered as attractive and economical foundation for construction of highway embankments on deep peat ground. However, peat itself is very problematic and failure in the formation of the columns with adequate strength was often attributed to unsuitable type and insufficient dosage of binder added to the organic soil. Organic matter in peat was known to impede the...
May 2011
Relative thermal stability of metal soaps of Ximenia americana and Balanites aegyptiaca seed oils
Metal soaps of Ximenia americana seed oil (XSO) and Balanites aegyptiaca seed oil (BSO) were prepared by metathesis in aqueous alcohol solution. The thermal stability of the metal carboxylates (soaps) was studied thermogravimetrically in the temperature range 50 – 500°C under nitrogen. The thermal stability of the carboxylates was assessed in terms of temperatures at which...
May 2011
The effects of temperature on the characteristics of kaolinite and bentonite
In this study, kaolinite and bentonite were investigated for the effect of thermal treatment on particle size, as well as water content, specific gravity, plasticity, activity index, swelling and compression index and strength properties. At first, kaolinite and bentonite were characterized using XRD and TG standard methods. All sieved samples were subsequently heated to various temperatures (100, 200, 400,...
May 2011
Subway station seismic consideration based on geotechnical study: A case study approach
Iran is a vast country with 1.6 million square kilometer area and more than 70 million inhabitants. Tehran, the capital of Iran, together with its satellite townships is home to more than one sixth of the country's population which make over 13 million, and mostly make motorized daily journeys. This work is based on the case study geotechnical investigation of a metro station in Tehran. The access gallery...
May 2011
Evaluation of Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine and lipid peroxidation in multiethnic Malaysian subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus
The glycoxidation product, Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), is formed during reaction of glucose with protein under oxidative conditions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of the most common glycoxidation product; Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and the most advanced lipoxidation product, malondialdehyde (MDA) in type 2 diabetic Malay, Indian, and Chinese ethnic groups in the...
May 2011
Optimal distributed generation planning considering reliability, cost of energy and power loss
This paper suggests a Pareto based Multi-objective Optimization Algorithm (MOA) called Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA) for Distributed Generation (DG) planning in distribution networks. As opposed to conventional multi-objective optimization techniques that correlate different objective functions by utilizing of weighting coefficients and create one single objective function, in SPEA, each...
May 2011
Renovation techniques for rib to deckplate fatigue cracking in orthotropic bridge decks
Steel orthotropic bridge decks possess 5 fatigue critical points. One of these is the longitudinal rib to deckplate weld. At that connection, a combination of large transverse bending stresses caused by concentrated wheel loads and residual stresses in local plasticized zones due to the welding procedure may initiate fatigue cracking at the weld root or toe. For new bridges, the normative documents provide...
May 2011
Analysis of risk factors for acute kidney injury and in-hospital death following aortic arch surgery based on the RIFLE criteria
The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) and death of patients undergoing aortic arch surgery based on the RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss and end-stage kidney diseases) criteria. AKI was diagnosed according to the RIFLE criteria in patients undergoing aortic arch reconstruction with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). Clinical data of a total of 70...
May 2011
Determining the visual preference of urban landscapes
This study attempted to determine people’s visual preference for urban landscapes in Malaysia. In an experimental study, 120 students from three departments in Universiti Putra Malaysia rated 4 predictors of preference (Coherence, complexity, legibility and mystery) and a criterion variable (preference) of 24 color slides depicting urban built landscape (UBL) and urban natural landscape (UNL) scenes....
May 2011
How construction trends of Universities sport facilities will be affected by financial crisis: A survey
This paper aims to analyse how the financial crisis is going to affect the trends in the construction of sport facilities in the Spanish Universities. The method is a survey conducted with 180 people including three different groups: Students, architects and sport facility managers. The results show that a high percentage of the respondents agree the use, construction and renewal of sport facilities in...
May 2011
Characterization and observation of (transmission control protocol) TCP-Vegas performance with different parameters over (Long term evolution) LTE networks
Despite the larger performance and higher throughput compared to transmission control protocol (TCP) Reno, TCP Vegas still has a few obstacles to be deployed in new networks, such as 4G LTE systems (4th Generation, Long term evolution). One of these obstacles is the Vegas congestion control that is not used in all available bandwidth capacity of the network path and which causes minimization in packet...
May 2011
Reducing emissions of air pollutants from incense burning with the addition of nanoscale calcium carbonate
Many studies have investigated the particulate matter (PM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emissions of burning incense on the quality of surrounding air. However, the reduction of PM and PAHs from burning incense has received little attention. In the present study, two types of incense were made in the laboratory. Five to thirty percent of nanoscale calcium carbonate...
May 2011
Effect of seed size and genotype on germination characteristic and seed nutrient content of wheat
In order to study the effects of seed size and genotype on nutrient uptake and growth characteristic of wheat, a field experiment was conducted in a split plot randomized block design with genotypes as main plots and seed size as subplots, with four blocks at the Roseworthy Campus, the University of Adelaide in 2010. Two experiments were designed (1) a laboratory experiment with seeds germinated in wet filter...
May 2011
Standard forms with two variable zeros and generalized optimal proportional integral derivative (PID) design for all pole systems
Other than the classical methods, the use of standard forms for control system design is well known. Since first introduced in 1950s, many new contributions have been proposed in the literature. In these contributions, the standard forms are obtained for all poles and with no zero, one zero and two zeros systems. In this study, for the first time, optimum values of standard form coefficients with five pole...
May 2011
Ontological interpretation model for hermeneutic analysis of discourse
The primary purpose of this paper is to reveal the role of cognitive significance of ‘ontopretive model’ in the axiomatization of a discourse. The linguistic interpretive architecture which has been modeled as ‘ontopretive model’ is a new and an extensive work of discourse analysis of a learning agent. The explanatoryontological concept of hermeneutical...
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