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Abstract
In this review, we discuss the recent progress in research on symbiotic association of rhizobia, Frankia and fungi with plant roots. We compare infection processes of symbiotic establishment; structure, functioning and molecular biology of the symbiotic organ including the regulation of genes implicated in rhizobial, actinorhizial and arbuscularmycorhizal symbioses.
Key words: Symbiosis, nodule, mycorrhiza, symbiotic genes.
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