African Journal of
Pharmacy and Pharmacology

  • Abbreviation: Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 1996-0816
  • DOI: 10.5897/AJPP
  • Start Year: 2007
  • Published Articles: 2277

Full Length Research Paper

Hepatoprotective effects of antioxidants against non-target toxicity of the bio-insecticide spinosad in rats

Ahmed M. Aboul-Enein1, Mourad A. M. Aboul-Soud1,2*, Hamed K. Said3, Hanaa F. M. Ali1, Zeinab Y. Ali4, Amany M. Mahdi1 and John P. Giesy5,6,7,8,9,10
1Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt. 2Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. BOX 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia. 3Economic Entomology ands Pesticide Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo Universitry, Giza, Egypt. 4National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt. 5Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. 6Department of Zoology, and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan StateUniversity, East Lansing, MI, USA. 7Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia 8Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China. 9School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China. 10School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Email: [email protected]

  •  Accepted: 08 February 2012
  •  Published: 29 February 2012

Abstract

The bio-insecticide spinosad (SPD) is increasingly being used in pest management programmes. In order to further assess its toxic effects to non-target species, male rats were exposed sub-chronically to SPD at a dose equivalent to 1/20 LD50 for four weeks. In order to assess the toxicity of SPD, parameters such as the activities of enzymes and concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidant components, histopathological examination, DNA fragmentation and chromosomal aberrations in liver were analysed. Protection by an antioxidants mixture (AM), containing vitamin C, vitamin E and silymarin, against the effects of SPD was investigated. Exposure to SPD inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase, and depleted contents of reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde.  SPD caused signification inhibition of activity of key antioxidant enzymes (GST, SOD) and induction in GPx. Treatment with AM attenuated all SPD-mediated effects.  Histological examination of the liver revealed that SPD caused focal necrosis and degenerative changes in hepatocytes, along with cytoplasmic vacuolation.  All of these lesions were significantly less in rats fed with AM.  SPD accelerated formation of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, which was attenuated by treatment with AM.  Similarly, SPD caused significant structural chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells, the frequency of which was diminished by AM. 

 

Key words: Antioxidants, DNA damage, silymarin, spinosad, vitamin C, vitamin E.  

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This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

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