International Journal of
Medicine and Medical Sciences

  • Abbreviation: Int. J. Med. Med. Sci.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 2006-9723
  • DOI: 10.5897/IJMMS
  • Start Year: 2009
  • Published Articles: 535

Full Length Research Paper

The assessment of fever in under-five children in the Ekounou Health Area of Yaounde, Cameroon: Usefulness of rapid diagnostic tests

Barbara Mma Atogho Tiedeu*
  • Barbara Mma Atogho Tiedeu*
  • Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon.
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Liliane Mekue Tadjouo
  • Liliane Mekue Tadjouo
  • Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon.
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Olivia Achonduh-Atijegbe
  • Olivia Achonduh-Atijegbe
  • Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon.
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Olivier Tresor Donfack Sontsa
  • Olivier Tresor Donfack Sontsa
  • Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon.
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Jean Claude Mbanya
  • Jean Claude Mbanya
  • Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon.
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Wilfred Fon Mbacham
  • Wilfred Fon Mbacham
  • Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon.
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  •  Received: 25 July 2016
  •  Accepted: 23 November 2016
  •  Published: 30 April 2017

Abstract

Improper diagnosis and management of febrile patients results in the persistence of malaria and other conditions with similar symptoms. The algorithm established here with Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) will help in the follow-up and treatment of fever patients according to the guidelines on Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI). This study aimed at determining the causes of fever in children and at valorizing the use of RDTs for the diagnosis of febrile diseases. Fifty children with fever, aged between 0 and 5 years, were recruited in a cross-sectional study at the Ekounou Baptist Clinic in Yaounde. RDTs were used to assess for the four common causes of febrile illness in the area. Microscopy was done and the Plasmodium species were confirmed by nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Of the 50 febrile children, none was rubella seropositive, while 8% had malaria, 22% had toxoplasmosis infection, 8% had Salmonella typhi, 14% had a malaria-typhoid fever co-infection, 4% had a malaria-toxoplasmosis co-infection, 6% had a malaria-toxoplasmosis-typhoid fever co-infection, and 38% were negative for all the suspected common causes of fever in the health district. The overall frequencies of occurrence attributed 32% to malaria, 32% to toxoplasmosis and 28% to typhoid fever. Among all the positive malaria cases (n=16 (32%)) Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale were identified by nested PCR. Malaria RDT results agreed significantly with the microscopy (kappa=0.81; p<0.0001) and PCR (kappa=0.84; p<0.0001) results; and the microscopy results also concurred significantly with the PCR results (kappa=0.77; p<0.0001). Malaria was not the exclusive cause of fever. Toxoplasmosis was found to occur in the same proportion as malaria (32%) in the study population. S. typhi was the third most important infection. Therefore RDTs are appropriate tools for the management of childhood febrile diseases.

Key words: Fever, malaria, toxoplasmosis, typhoid, rubella, rapid diagnostic test (RDT), Cameroon.

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This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

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