Full Length Research Paper
References
Abbott WS (1925). A Method of Computing the Effectiveness of an Insecticide. J. Econ. Entomol. 18:265-267. |
|
Andemeskel W (1987). Handbook of insect pests of major crops in Eritrea Administrative Region, and their control. Asmara University. P 132. |
|
Asmare D, Yeshitila M (2014). Ecology and field biology of the sorghum chafer, Pachnoda interrupta (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Ethiopia. Adv. Entomol. 2:8-13. |
|
Balazy S, Wrzosek M, Sosnowska D, Tkaczuk C, Muszewska A (2008). Laboratory trials to infect insects and nematodes by some acaropathogenic Hirsutella strains (Mycota: Clavicipitaceous anamorphs). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 97:103-113. |
|
Bogo MR, Rota CA, Pinto Jr. (1998). A chitinase encoding gene (chit1 gene) from the entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae: isolation and characterization of genomic and full length cDNA. Curr. Microbiol. 37(4):221-225. |
|
Butt TM (2002). Use of entomogenous fungi for the control of insect pests, In. Esser K, Bennett JW (eds). Mycota, Springer, Berlin, pp. 111-134. |
|
Cuthbertson AGS, Mathers JJ, Blackburn LF, Powell ME, Marris G, Pietravalle S, Brown MA, Budge GE (2012). Screening commercially available biocontrol agents for the control of Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in the UK. Insects 3:719-726. |
|
Destefano RHR, Destefano SAL, Messias CL (2004). Detection of Metarhizium anisopliae within infected sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) using specific primers. Genet. Mol. Biol. 27:245-252. |
|
Driver F, Milner RJ, Trueman JWH (2000). A taxonomic revision of Metarhizium based on a phylogenetic analysis of rDNA sequence data. Mycol. Res. 104:134-150. |
|
Enkerli J, Ghormade C, Oulevey C, Widmer F (2009). PCR RFLP analysis of Chitinase genes enables efficient phenotyping of Metarhizium aninopliae var. anisopliae. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 102(2):185-188. |
|
Entz SC, Johnson DL, Kawchuk LM (2005). Development of a PCR-based diagnostic assay for the specific detection of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum. Mycol. Res. 109:1302-1312. |
|
Felsenstein J (1985). Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the boot-strap. Evolution 39:783-791. |
|
Fernandes E KK, Keyser CA, Chong JP, Rangel DEN, Miller MP, Roberts DW (2010). Characterization of Metarhizium species and varieties based on molecular analysis, heat tolerance and cold activity. J. Appl. Microbiol. 108:115-128. |
|
Finney DJ (1964). Probit analysis: a statistical treatment of the sigmoid response curve. Cambridge: University Press, 318p. |
|
Gindin G, Levski S, Glazer I, Soroker V (2006). Evaluation of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. Phytoparasitica 34(4):70-379. |
|
Goettel MS, Hajek AE (2001). Evaluation ofnontarget effects of pathogens used for management of arthropods, In. Wajnberg, E. Scotland, J.K. Quimby, P.C, (Eds.), Evaluating Indirect Ecological Effects of Biological Control. CABI Press, Wallingford, UK. pp. 81-97. |
|
Grunshaw JP (1992). Field studies on the biology and economic importance of Pachnoda interrupta (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Mali West Africa. Bull. Ent. Res. 82:19-27. |
|
Hajek AE, Goettel MS (2007). Guidelines for evaluating effects of entomopathoges on non-target organisms. In. Lacey LA, Kaya HK (eds). Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology: Application and Evaluation of Pathogens for Control of Insects and other Invertebrate Pests. Springer Publishing, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Pp. 815-833. |
|
Hiwot L (2000). Historical background on the pest status and control of sorghum chafer, Pachnoda interrupta (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Ethiopia. In. Proceedings of the workshop on the development of monitoring and controlstrategy against sorghum chafer, Pachnoda interrupta (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Ethiopia, February – 2 March, 2000, MOA, Addis Ababa. Pp. 9-15. 28. |
|
Humber RA (2005). Entomopathogenic Fungal Identification USDA-ARS Plant Protection Research Unit US Plant, Soil & Nutrition Laboratory Tower Road Ithaca, NY 14853-2901. of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology (2nd edition). Academic Press, New York, USA. |
|
Inglis GD, Enkerli J, Goettel MS (2012). Laboratory techniques used for entomopathogenic fungi: Hypocreales. In: Lacey, L. A. (ed.). Manual |
|
Islam MT, Omar D, Shabanimofrad M (2014). Molecular identification and virulence of six isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) to Bemisia tabaci Q biotype. J. Asia Pac. Entomol. 17:237-241. |
|
Jago ND (1995). Population monitoring and crop loss assessment in integrated pest management of panicle pests of sorghum and pearl millet. In: Nwanze, K.F, Youm, O. (eds). Proceedings of an international consultative workshop on panicle insect pests of sorghum and pearl millet, 4-7 October, 1993, ICRISAT Sahelian Centre, Niamey, Niger. Andhra Pradesh, India: ICRISAT. Pp. 103-113. |
|
Jensen AB, Thomsen L, Eilenberg J (2001). Intra-specific variation and host specificity of Entomphthora uscae sensu strict isolates revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA, universal primed PCR, PCR- restriction fragment length polymorphism, and conidial morphology. J. invertebr. Pathol. 78:251-259. |
|
Kang SC, Park S, Lee DG (1999). Purification and characterization of a novel chitinase from entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 73(3):273-281. |
|
Kendall JM, Rygiewicz PT (2005). Fungal-specific PCR primers developed for analysis of the ITS region of environmental DNA extracts. BMC Microbiol. 5:28. |
|
Khan S, Guo L, Maimaiti Y, Mijit M, Qiu D (2012). Entomopathogenic fungi as microbial biocontrol agents. Mol. Plant Breed. 3:63-79. |
|
Kimura M (1980). A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J. Mol. Evol. 16:111-120. |
|
Klein MG, Lacey L (1999). An attractant trap for autodissemination of entomopathogenic fungi into populations of the Japanese beetle Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 9(2):151-158. |
|
Lacey LA, Goettel MS (1995). Current developments in microbial control of insect pests and prospects for the early 21st century. Entomophaga 40:3-27. |
|
Lacey LA, Martins A, Ribeiro C (1994) The pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana for adults of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae). Eur. J. Entomol. 3:313-319. |
|
Merid NG, Tibebe DB,Yitbarek W, Jonas MB, Ylva H, Emiru S (2016). Metarhizium sp. isolated from dead Pachnoda interrupta (Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae) as a potential entomopathogenic fungus for the pest insect: proof-of-concept for autodissemination. Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci. 36(1):1-9. |
|
MOA, EARO (1999). The significance, distribution and control of sorghum chafer, Pachnoda interrupta (Olivier) Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae in Amhara and Afar regions. 10-13 March, 1999, MOA and EARO, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 71 p. |
|
Ratnadas A, Ajayi O (1995). Panicle Insect pests of sorghum in West Africa. In. Nwanze KF, Youm O (eds). Panicle Insect Pests of Sorghum and Pearl Millet: Proceedings of an International Consultative Workshop, 4-7 Oct. 1993, ICRISAT Sahalian Center, Niamey, Niger. Patanchera 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research for Semi-Arid Tropics. Pp. 29-38-113. |
|
Saitou N, Nei M (1987). The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4:406-425. |
|
Sastawa BM, Lale NES (2000). Efficacy of host plant resistance, sowing date modification and intercropping as methods for the control of Pachnoda interrupta (Olivier) in pearl millet in the Nigerian Sudan savanna. J. Arid Environ. 46:249-262. |
|
Seneshaw A (2001). Activity report on insect pest management with fungi: A mass production technique for farmers. Cooperative development research project C-16-125. Ambo PPRC, Ethiopia. |
|
Seneshaw A, Mulugeta N (2002). Study on the Biology of sorghum chafer, P. Interrupta (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) under laboratory condition. Pest Manage. J. Ethiop. 6:31-36. |
|
Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30:2725-2729. |
|
Thomas MB, Read AF (2007). Can fungal biopesticides control malaria? Nature reviews. Microbiology 5:377-383. |
|
Troure K, Yehouenou A (1995). Les insects de I'epi de mil en Afrique de I'Ouest. In: Nwanze KF, Youm O (eds). Proceeding of an International Consultative Workshop on Panicle Insect Pests of Sorghum and Pearl Millet, 4-7 October, 1993 ICRISAT Sahelian Centre, Niamey, Niger. Andhra Pradesh, India: ICRISAT. |
|
Tsedeke A (1988). Insect and mite pests of horticultural and miscellaneous plants in Ethiopia. IAR Hand Book No. 1, Institute of Agricultural Research. Addis Ababa. 115 p. |
|
Vestergaard S, Cherry A, Keller S, Goettel M (2003). Hyphomycete fungi as microbial control agents Chapter 3. In: Hokkanen HMT, Hajek AE (eds.). Environmental Impacts of Microbial Insecticides. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. pp. 35-62. |
|
Wang C, St. Leger RJ (2007). The Metarhizium anisopliae perillipin holog MPL1 regulates lipid metabolism, appressoral turgor pressure and virulence. J. Biol. Chem. 282:21110-21115. |
|
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor JW (1990). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. and White, T.J. (Eds.). PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press Inc. New York. Pp. 315-322. |
|
Wraight SP, Inglis GD, Goettel S (2007). Fungi. In: Lacy, L.A. and Kaya, H.K. (eds.). Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology (2nd edition.). Application and evaluation of pathogens for control of insects and other invertebrate pests. Section IV-4. Springer, Dordrech, The Netherlands. |
|
Yeraswork Y (2000). The importance, distribution and current status of Sorghum chafer, Pachnoda interrupta (Olivier) in Amhara Region In. Proceedings of The Workshop on the Development on Monitoring and Control Strategy Against sorghum shafer, Pachnoda interrupta (Olivier), (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa. pp. 24-35. |
|
Yitbarek W (2008). Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of sorghum chafer, pachnoda interrupta (coleoptera:scarabaeidae) to host plant volatile compounds. PhD. Dessertation. Addis Ababa University. |
|
Yitbarek W, Hiwot L (2000). Preliminary yield loss assessment on sorghum due to sorghum chafer, Pachnoda interrupta (Olivier) in Amhara Region. In Proceedings of the Workshop on the Development, Monitoring and control strategy against sorghum chafer, Pachnoda interrupta (Olivier), (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa. pp. 39-43. |
Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0