Design and analysis of 45 nm low power 32 kb embedded static random access memory (SRAM) cell
February 2012
In sub-100 nm generation, gate-tunneling leakage current increases and dominates the total standby leakage current of LSIs based on decreasing gate-oxide thickness. Showing that the gate leakage current is effectively reduced by lowering the gate voltage, we propose a local DC level control (LDLC) for static random access memory (SRAM) cell arrays and an automatic gate leakage suppression driver (AGLSD) for...
A study of linear and non-linear relations between accounting variables and share return of automobile industry: Some Iranian angles
February 2012
The present study deals with the evaluation of linear and non-linear relations between accounting variables and share return in automobile industry in Iran. The accounting variables under examination include three variables of operational profit, net profit and cash flows resultant from the operation. The regression analysis has also been used for testing the existence of a relation between variables and significance of...
Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies of the biosorption of Ni(II), Cr(III) and Co(II) from aqueous solutions using banana (Musa acuminata) leaf
February 2012
The biosorption of Ni(II), Cr(III) and Co(II) by banana (Musa acuminata) leaf is reported in this work. The effects of solution pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration and temperature on the biosorption of the metal ions were investigated. Optimum pH for each metal ion was obtained because the biosorption of each of the metal ions was found to be pH-dependent. Kinetic study shows that the pseudo-second-order...
Removal of cobalt (II) ions from aqueous solution by using alternative adsorbent industrial red mud waste material
February 2012
This study on the removal of cobalt ions from aqueous solutions by red mud was conducted in batch condition. Its objective was to investigate the possibility of using red mud waste material as an alternative to high cost commercial adsorbent materials for the removal of cobalt from aqueous solution. In this study, batch experiments were carried out for the adsorption of cobalt onto red mud industry waste. The red...
Stabilization of organic soil using sodium silicate system grout
February 2012
Cation binding by organic matter content (OMC) in soils has consequences for the behaviour of the organic compounds themselves, influencing adsorption, aggregation, and solubility, and thereby soil structure, translocation of organic matter within soils, and transport to waters. The study reported here involved a number of experiments using composition of alkaline earth metals grout to treat organic soils, in order to...
Electrochemical sensors for direct potentiometric determination of Voriconazole in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological fluids
February 2012
The compositions and general performance characteristics of four polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane sensors respective to Voriconazole (VR) were described. Two of these sensors are based on the use of ion association complexes of VR with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) as novel electroactive materials dispersed ino-nitrophenyloctyl ether (o-NPOE) plasticizer on glass assemblies. The third sensor...
Differential transform method for solving partial differential equations with variable coefficients
February 2012
In this paper, we consider the differential transform method (DTM) for finding approximate and exact solutions of some partial differential equations with variable coefficients. The efficiency of the considered method is illustrated by some examples. The results reveal that the proposed method is very effective and simple and can be applied for other linear and nonlinear problems in mathematical...
Connectivity, PI and vertex-PI indices and polynomials of an infinite class of dendrimer nanostars
February 2012
A dendrimer is an artificially manufactured or synthesized molecule built up from branched units called monomers. In this paper, we shall give the exact formulas for the first-connectivity, second-connectivity indices and polynomials, PI and vertex-PI indices and polynomials of an infinite class of dendrimer nanostars. Key words: Connectivity index, connectivity polynomial, PI index,...
Bayesian analysis of the two component mixture of inverted exponential distribution under quadratic loss function
February 2012
The inverted exponential distribution is studied as a prospective life distribution. A two component mixture of inverted exponential distribution is considered in this paper. The Bayes estimators and Bayes posterior risk for the unknown parameters, and mixing weight of the mixture model are derived under quadratic loss function. For comparative study of these Bayes estimates uniform, improper and...
A Novel Optimized Design of Popularity Cushion Staggered Broadcast over Video on Demand System
February 2012
Video on Demand (VOD) system is an electronic video rental system where the clients have the ability to request and view the video at any time, which makes the VOD to become an important technology with many applications. Numerous periodic VOD broadcasting protocols have been proposed to support a large number of receivers. Broadcasting is an efficient transmission scheme which provides on-demand service for very...
Nyquist Folding Receiver for the Interception of Frequency Agile Radar Signal
February 2012
This work was carried out to improve the probability of interception of frequency sweep and lower the system complexity of non-sweep mode of the electronic intelligence system for frequency agile radar signal. A low complexity receiver structure and its associated demodulation algorithm with high probability of intercept are also presented. Moreover, the applicability of this structure for the wideband radar signal is...
Performance optimization of simultaneous machine and automated guided vehicle scheduling using fuzzy logic controller based genetic algorithm
February 2012
The current trend in manufacturing technology is considered by two main items automation and flexibility. Flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is one of the most identified systems that include both automation and flexibility criteria. It comprises three principle elements: computer controlled machine tools, an automated material handling system and a computer control system. One of the automated materials handling...
Stability of state-proportional integral derivative (PID) feedback control system with time delay
February 2012
This article proposes a method to compute the maximum allowable delay time for linear-time-invariant-time-delayed-systems (LTI-TDS) with state-PID feedback control. It presents the main theorem with corollary, and computing steps to obtain Stability of a LTI-TDS with state- proportional integral derivative (PID) feedback is ensured if the delay time is less than The proposed...
Workload management: A technology perspective with respect to self characteristics
February 2012
Rapid growth in data, maximum functionality and changing behavior tends the workload to be more complex. Organizations have complex type of workloads that is very difficult to manage by the humans and even in some cases, this management becomes impossible. Human experts take much time to get sufficient experience so that they can manage workload efficiently. The versatility in workload due to huge data size and requests...
Energy efficiency and thermal comfort influences of alternatives of single skin façade (SSF) and double skin façade (DSF) in tropical bungalow house
February 2012
Sustainable design is an important goal in architecture. Sustainability could be approached with low energy and high thermal comfort buildings. In this study, a bungalow house as a BASECASE model was simulated with “DesignBuilder” software based on “Energy Plus”. Then influence of double glazing, external blind and double skin façade (DSF) on energy consumption and thermal comfort of...
Structural health monitoring and damage assessment Part II: Application of the damage locating vector (DLV) method to the ASCE benchmark structure experimental data
February 2012
This paper builds on the review of structural health monitoring (SHM) and damage assessment approaches provided in a companion paper by presenting an application of the damage locating vector (DLV) approach to the experimental (Phase II) data obtained from the experimental benchmark structure of the IASC-ASCE task group on SHM, which is a laboratory (scaled) size steel frame. Different damage conditions were simulated...
Classification of cultivated soils in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia based on natural radionuclides using artificial neural networks
February 2012
A great awareness of safe crop production is needed by selecting the suitable uncontaminated soil, and good seed types, etc. In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) was used to classify thirteen cultivated soils, in adjacent regions, in Al-Kharj Governorate, Saudi Arabia based on their natural radionuclide contents detected using gamma-ray spectrometer and geographical coordinates and altitude measured using GPS...
Simulation and experimental work on manufacturing torispherical heads in explosive hydro-forming process
February 2012
This study presents a numerical investigation on the deformation of the circular blanket against a male die under impulsive loading to form a torispherical heads shape. A finite element model was developed and verified with experimental tests for the explosive forming of the torispherical heads made of AA5083 aluminum alloy in the framework of LS-DYNA crash simulator software. The nature of the deformation was turned...
Volumetric, viscometric and ultrasonic studies on binary mixtures of oleic acid with alkyl esters at 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K
February 2012
Density (r), viscosity (η) and speed of sound (u) for binary mixtures of oleic acid with methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate and n-butyl acetate were measured at 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K over the whole composition range at atmospheric pressure. These results were used to calculate excess molar volumes (VE), deviations in viscosity (Δη), deviations in speed of sound (Δu), the excess...
Removal of Cr(III) from aqueous solutions using a micaceous poly–mineral from Kenya
February 2012
Adsorption of Cr(III) ions from aqueous solutions using a micaceous polymineral (MPM) from Kenya was studied using batch experiments as function of contact time, adsorbent dosage, Cr(III) concentration, pH and temperature. Chromium adsorption was found to be a fast process taking place in less than 20 min to reach equilibrium. Near complete removal of the metal was realized at Cr(III) concentrations of 200 mg/L, using...
Mapping biogenic gas concentration of Pontian Peatland, Southwest Malaysia with ground penetrating radar
February 2012
In this work, we surveyed the internal structure of peat deposit with ground penetrating radar with the aim of mapping the spatial distribution of biogenic gas produced and accumulated as a bye product of anaerobic decomposition of the deposit. The objective of the work is to identify the spatial distribution of hotspots prone to forest fire due to high concentration of the flammable gas. Four profiles of 20 m each at...
Tailoring wind properties by various passive roughness elements in a boundary-layer wind tunnel
February 2012
Boundary-layer wind tunnel provides a unique platform to reproduce urban, suburban and rural atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) by using roughness devices such as vortex generators, floor roughness, barrier walls, and slots in the extended test-section floor in the contraction cone. Each passive device impacts wind properties in a certain way. In this study, influence of various passive devices on wind properties has been...
Robust linear optimization under new distance measure
February 2012
Several robust counterparts of linear optimization problems with uncertain data were proposed since 1970 and have been extensively studied and extended. In these approaches, the uncertainty set plays an important role since it determines the level of protection of the solution; the solution might be too conservative in order to ensure that the solution remains feasible if the disturbance of data is relatively large. In...
Reliable treatments of differential transform method for two-dimensional incompressible viscous flow through slowly expanding or contracting porous walls with small-to-moderate permeability
February 2012
In this article, the problem of laminar, isothermal, incompressible and viscous flow in a rectangular domain bounded by two moving porous walls which enable the fluid to enter or exit during successive expansions or contractions is solved analytically by using the differential transform method (DTM). Graphical results are presented to investigate the influence of the non-dimensional wall dilation rate and seepage...
Comparison of empirical and artificial neural network models for the correlation of monthly average global solar radiation with sunshine hours in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
February 2012
Monthly average daily values of global solar radiation and sunshine hours over a period of five years (1987-1991) using artificial neural network were developed to predict global solar radiation at Minna which lies on latitude 09.37°N, longitude 06.32° and 265.4 m above sea level. The results were used to compare results from other researchers of different models in the same area. The correlation...
The hypernucleus as a three body system
February 2012
The different properties of hyper-nucleus are studied using hyper-spherical harmonics method. The hyper-nucleus is considered as a three body system consisting of ïŒ particle and two ï¡ particles. The effect of different types of the ï¡ï€ï¡interactions on the calculated binding energy of ïŒ in is studied. Different sets...
Exact solutions for vibrational states with generalized q-deformed Morse potential within the asymptotic iteration method
February 2012
Exact eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Schrödinger equation with generalized q-deformed Morse potential for diatomic molecules have been derived in the framework of the asymptotic iteration method (AIM). The obtained solutions have been applied to calculate the energies of bound vibrational levels of the lithium molecule in the state. Compared to AIM previous calculations, our results are...
Planes and axes of symmetry in an elastic material
February 2012
Simple proofs are obtained for the Cowin-Mehrabadi theorem for the identification of a plane of symmetry or an axis of symmetry in an elastic material. The treatment is generalized to a cartesian tensor of arbitrary rank. Necessary and sufficient conditions are found for the existence of a plane of symmetry or an axis of symmetry for a piezoelectric material. Conditions are obtained for the identification of...
Improving squirrel cage induction motor efficiency: Technical review
February 2012
Studying and improving of Squirrel Cage Induction Motor (SCIM) efficiency is a continuous area of interest not only among the researchers but also the industry, manufacturer and government. However, until today there are still struggles to find the most holistic environment of the SCIM which achieve its efficiency at the most lowest cost and at the same time sustaining the performance of the motor. This paper will focus...
Adsorption isotherms of celebrex as non-steroidal anti-inflammation on single-walled carbon nanotubes
February 2012
The objective of this work is to study the adsorption behavior of celebrex as non-steroidal anti-inflammation on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). As the function of temperature and initial concentration of adsorbate were observed through adsorption isotherms, the amount of celebrex adsorbed on carbon nanotube surface increased with the concentration at constant temperature, and decreased with the increase of...
Evaluating integrals of the form by Adomian decomposition
February 2012
This paper considers evaluation of the general class of integrals of the form using the Adomian decomposition method. This integral is solved in its general form and it is shown that particular values of of this class of integrals correspond to Mellin and Gaussian integrals whose solutions are easily obtained. Key words: General class of integrals, Adomian...
Hybrid general-purpose computation on GPU (GPGPU) and computer graphics synthetic aperture radar simulation for complex scenes
February 2012
In this paper, a new hybrid general-purpose computation on GPU (GPGPU) and computer graphics synthetic aperture radar (SAR) simulation method for complex scenes is proposed. Previous SAR simulations for complex scenes only use GPU’s graphics capabilities for scattering calculation in graphical electromagnetic computing (GRECO) algorithm. The new hybrid method use GPU’s graphics and parallel computing...
Empirical analysis of a micro-evolutionary algorithm for numerical optimization
February 2012
This paper presents an empirical comparison of some evolutionary algorithms to solve numerical optimization problems. The aim of the paper is to test a micro-evolutionary algorithm called Elitist evolution, originally designed to work with small populations, on a set of diverse test problems (unimodal, multimodal, separable, non-separable, shifted, and rotated) with different dimensionalities. The comparison covers...
Robust sliding mode observer design for a class of uncertain linear systems with fault reconstruction synthesis
February 2012
In this paper, a robust sliding mode observer (SMO) design problem is investigated for the purpose of reconstruction of actuator faults in a class of uncertain linear systems. A sufficient condition for the existence and the stability of the SMO is established by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Also, a new design method for the robust SMO with H∞ techniques is proposed to guarantee...
Social implications of robots – An overview
February 2012
Machines by their design are aimed at increasing and improving the efficiency of productive activities where they are applied. The result is that they are given preference against manually operated productive activity. This paper explored the gradual and yet progressive introduction of machines, namely, robots into the production processes of industries following the industrial revolution of the 20th century and the...
Algicidal effects of Alternanthera philoxeroides mediated by the nutrient environment in a shallow, eutrophic lake (Chaohu Lake, China)
February 2012
We investigated the nitrogen and phosphate nutrient status in the habitats of Alternanthera philoxeroides and its co-occurring algal growth in a field survey. We also determined the algicidal activity of A. philoxeroides extracts from a diversity of habitats in Chaohu Lake, China, in the laboratory. We then tested the correlation between the nutrient status and the algicidal activity of A....
A simulation study on the capabilities of rotor wing unmanned aerial vehicle in aerial terrain mapping
February 2012
Many applications can be solved by using the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology such as farming, surveillance, monitoring, fire disaster, flood monitoring and aerial terrain mapping. This study was carried out to investigate the use of light weight rotary-wing UAV for mapping simulation model. The accuracy of photogrammetric product will be assessed as one of the objectives of this study. There are two types of...
Intermonsoon water mass characteristics along coastal waters off Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
February 2012
This work utilized temperature-salinity (T-S) diagram to explore the physical properties of water masses during intermonsoon period. In doing so, the physical properties of water column, such as temperature and salinity are collected from cruise conducted in September 2002 and October 2003. Hydrolab instrument was used in the coastal water of Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. The vertical water temperature and salinity with 5...
Use of cement, polypropylene fibers and optimum moisture content values to strengthen peat
February 2012
This article describes a laboratory study on strengthening peat with cement and polypropylene fibers. The study involved mixing peat with different amounts of cement, with or without fibers; compacting at their respective optimum moisture content and curing them in air for 1, 28 or 90 days. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were performed (unsoaked and soaked samples) to...
A harmony search based pairwise sampling strategy for combinatorial testing
February 2012
Over the years, we become increasingly dependent on software in many activities of our lives. To ensure software quality and reliability, many combinations of possible input parameters, hardware/software environments and system conditions need to be tested and verified against for conformance. Due to resource constraints and time-to-market pressure, considering all exhaustive testing is practically impossible. In order...
Arabic text-dependent speaker verification for mobile devices using artificial neural networks
February 2012
Speaker verification is one of the biometric verification techniques used to verify the claimed identity of a speaker. It is mainly applied for security reasons and managing users’ authentication. Voiceprint can be used as a unique password of the user to prove his/her identity. In this paper, we propose a new Arabic text-dependent speaker verification system for mobile devices using artificial neural networks...
Finite element analysis of wooden chair strength in free drop
February 2012
Wooden furniture is being widely used in all countries due to its convenience and being produced from the natural raw material. In furniture design esthetic, ergonomics and safety are the main criteria. Safety means the strength of furniture. Unfortunately, most of the time the strength of furniture is not taken into account in design as much as esthetic and ergonomics. This leads to the use of excess material meaning...
Web’s critical survey analysis with respect to current loopholes
February 2012
Vulnerabilities are the loopholes that arise due to poor programming. Web applications are considered to be very vulnerable to attack as compared to desktop programs on sole computers. Keeping this thing in our minds, we decided to find out all the possible vulnerabilities in Saudi Arabian organization’s web servers. To assess these vulnerabilities, we selected number of open source tools and tested about 169 most...
Simulation research on natural smoke ventilation and external airflow in large space: Case study of the improvement project of Taoyuan International Airport, terminal 1
February 2012
The paper analyzed the influence of external airflow on natural smoke ventilation in large space by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and engineering calculation. The purpose of the paper is Terminal 1 of Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport after renovation. In the renovation project, the separate departure and arrival halls will be connected to create a large atrium; natural smoke ventilation will be adopted...
Management flight simulator of pension expenditure
February 2012
Salary risk and demographic risk have been identified as main risks in analyzing pension expenditure particularly in defined benefit pension plan. Thus, this paper described the development of management flight simulator for pension expenditure (with particular case on a Malaysia Defined Benefit pension plan). Public pension plan in Malaysia is studied to analyze pension expenditure due to salary and demographic...
Application of He’s Exp-function method and semi-inverse variational principle to equal width wave (EW) and modified equal width wave (MEW) equations
February 2012
In this paper, more recent method, called the Exp-function, is used to find generalized solutions of the important soliton equations which is called equal width wave (EW) and modified equal width wave (MEW) equations. It is shown that the Exp-function method with the help of symbolic computation provides a straight forward and powerful mathematical tool for solving other nonlinear evolution equations arising in...
Modified homotopy perturbation method for stiff delay differential equations (DDEs)
February 2012
In this paper, an efficient modification is introduced into the well-known homotopy perturbation method which proves very effective to control the convergence region of approximate solution. By using this scheme, explicit exact solution is calculated in the form of a convergent power series with easily computable components. The proposed algorithm is tested on some neutral stiff functional-differential...
Design and development of unit cell and system for vanadium redox flow batteries (V-RFB)
February 2012
Vanadium redox flow battery (V-RFB) has been attracted by many researches; some are under field testing and demonstration stage, but information on construction, experimental characterization, electrolyte preparation, overall systems under study, etc. are still limited. This paper focus on the technical issues faced and the lessons learnt during the development of unit cell and system for V-RFB. Firstly, brief...
Laminar and turbulent power law fluid flow passing a square cylinder
February 2012
In this work, a two-dimensional laminar and turbulent Power law fluid flow passing a square cylinder is numerically investigated. In the investigation, a finite volume code based on the SIMPLEC algorithm and non-staggered grid was used. In the discretization of the convective and diffusive terms, the third-order QUICK and the second-order central difference scheme, respectively were used. The turbulent flow was...
Study of workability of fresh concrete using high range water reducer admixtures
February 2012
The main issue in working with fresh concrete is the workability during filling of formwork. One of the problems found in workability is occurrence of segregation depending on w/c ratio. Segregation is strongly related to w/c ratio. The fresh concrete is usually considered as a non-Newtonian fluid since it is a mixture of aggregate, cement and water. The flow behaviour of the fresh concrete, a characteristic that is...
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