A technique to overcome the problem of small size database for automatic speaker recognition
March 2012
Modeling a system by statistical methods needs large amount of data to train the system. In real life, such data are sometimes not available or hard to collect. Modeling the system with small size database will produce a system with poor performance. In this paper, a method for increasing the size of a speech database is proposed. The method works by generating new samples from the original samples, using...
A novel method for improving the efficiency of automatic construction of ontology from a relational database
March 2012
With the development of the semantic web, ontology is playing an increasingly important role in many research areas such as semantic interoperability and knowledge base. However, constructing ontology manually is complicated and needs the supports of domain experts in knowledge acquisition as well, so it is time-consuming, error-prone and tedious-work. Learning ontology from existing resources is a good...
Synthesis and preliminary characterization of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocomposite for biomedical applications
March 2012
Currently, composite materials have gained momentum in the field of orthopedics and maxillofacial surgery. Among the composite materials, ceramic/polymer possesses significant advantages of high mechanical reliability and excellent biocompatibility for applications in load bearing areas. In this work, polyethylene glycol (PEG)/hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocomposites of varying weight percentages were synthesized...
Effect of substrate temperature on physical properties of In2O3:Sn films deposited by e-beam technique
March 2012
Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were prepared by electron beam evaporation at different substrate temperatures. The structural studies were carried out by X-ray diffraction. Optical properties of the films were studied in the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) region (200 to 2500 nm). Electrical studies were carried out at room temperature of ITO films. The results showed that with increase in...
Evaluation of ethanol gas sensing properties of ZnO nanopowder doped with Cu and Fe
March 2012
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most important metal oxides having various applications in gas sensors. In the present work, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized via sol-gel method. The nanopowder was then hydraulic-pressed and pre-sintered at 400°C to be molded into tablets with radius of 13 mm and thickness of 1.4 mm. Then, the sensor characteristics of ZnO nanopowder tablets were evaluated with respect to...
Effect of discontinuities on the stability of rock blocks in tunnel
March 2012
This paper presents the results of an investigation that was carried out using important parameters, such as discontinuities in forming rock block and instability in tunnel. Discontinuities like bedding and joints are one of the most important factors when compared with parameters, such as engineering features of rock mass. In this review, numerous features like rock quality designation (RQD), rock...
During the sustainable physical planning processes, the visual landscape quality of Turkish provinces (Ağrı and Iğdır)
March 2012
In Turkey, landscape planning has no legal status within the physical planning processes. Landscape planning approaches were used in some environment plans, long-term national park development plans, and sectoral plans like Wetland Management plans. Works on the assessment of visual landscape quality (VLQ) are required for both landscape planning and the determination of landscape quality...
Changes in litter, decomposition, nitrogen mineralization and microclimate in Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis plantation in Mount Makiling, Philippines
March 2012
The objectives of this study were to examine litter, decomposition, net mineralization and microclimate by two leguminous species planted for the restoration of degraded area. The total annual litter fall in A. mangium site was 11.44±0.59 (mean ± standard error) t ha-1 yr-1and A. auriculiformis site was 8.72±0.57 t ha-1 yr-1. Decomposition constant...
Rural housing design in costal belt and prospects to adopt renewable energy for basic electrification
March 2012
It is a well established fact that rapid deterioration of the environment, soaring fuel prices and dire need of economic growth are among few factors that lure the world’s nations to search and develop alternate sources of fuel to fulfill their energy requirements. Conventional methods of energy production are proven to be costly affairs for developing regions of the world. The persistent power...
Implementation of edge detection algorithms to characterize magnetic micropillars patterned by X-ray lithography
March 2012
The array of SU-8 photoresist pillars (10 ´ 10 ´ 50 µm) on a copper substrate was patterned by X-ray lithography using a synchrotron source. Flat cobalt films can then be sputter-deposited on the chemically stable and mechanically hardened SU-8 pillars in spite of geometry distortion and pattern collapse in some regions. Since any deviations from the pattern affect...
Fault tolerant control of mechatronics system based on hybrid control
March 2012
This study presents fault tolerant control of inverted pendulum via on-line fuzzy backstepping and anti-control of chaos. The inverted pendulum is used frequently in robotic applications and can be found in different forms. Based on Lyapunov stability theory for backstepping design, the nonlinear controller and some generic sufficient conditions for asymptotic control are attained. Also in this study,...
A study of the surface plasmon absorption band for nanoparticles
March 2012
In this work, we have performed the theoretical calculations of the absorbance of spherical silver nanoparticles dispersed in deionized water and in n-propanol, computed from a summation of the Mie series for different particle radius in the range from 1 to 17 nm. In both solvents, the maximum absorbance increases and the bandwidth at half-maximum absorption and number of particles decrease. Maximum...
Shape and composition study of iron-platinum (FePt) nanoalloy prepared by polyol process
March 2012
Metal nanoparticles have been attracting intensive interest because of potential applications in the areas of magnetism, electronics, etc. In this paper, Fe and Pt nanoparticles were first synthesized by decomposition of FeCl2.4H2O and reduction of Pt(acac)2, respectively with 1,2-hexadecanediol and LiBEt3H superhydride as the reducing reagent at high temperature in polyol process. Similarly, FePt...
Evaluation of coated urea for the effects of coating on the physical and chemical properties of urea fertilizer
March 2012
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of biodegradable material and micronutrient coatings on the physical and chemical character of urea fertilizer. Six treatments were prepared by coating urea with agar, gelatine, palm stearin, CuSO4 and Zn SO4. Both micronutrients were used as urease inhibitor and all other materials were used as adhesive agents to keep micronutrient and nitrogen...
Frequency of GG-globin promoter -158 (C>T) Xmn I polymorphism in Denizli, Turkey
March 2012
The effect of -158 (C>T) Xmn I polymorphism on expression of Gg-globin gene has been the subject of considerable interest. This study aims to determine the frequency of the GgXmn I polymorphism in b-thalassemia patients in Denizli province of Turkey. We studied Xmn I polymorphism in the DNA samples of 27 with b-thalassemia major, 210 b-thalassemia minor patients and 100 healthy subjects...
Similar dielectric behaviour of polyphenylglycidyl-ether and diglycidyl-ether of bisphenol-A at glass transition temperature
March 2012
In this work, the dynamics of the primary a- and the Johari-Goldstein (JG) b- processes are studied with dielectric spectroscopy. We found the relaxations at glass transition temperature in polyphenylglycidyl- ether and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A to be strongly correlated over a wide temperature T and pressure P range. Analysing the temperature and pressure...
Absorbed Dose Estimation by Monte Carlo Simulation Conversion Factor of Physical Dosimeters
March 2012
In our world, nuclear accident is unavoidable. This means that we are under radiation risk all the time. Therefore, you should determine the ionized atoms (absorbed dose) punctually and as fast as possible to deal properly with victims in the triage process. The present study attempts to determine the absorbed dose generated in femur bone that utilized femur phantom (Health Physics Society N13.32) after...
Mass transfer analysis for unsteady thin film flow over stretched heated plate
March 2012
In this paper, the mass transfer in a time varying thin liquid film over a stretching heated plate having variable temperature and concentration is analyzed. The analytical solution for the unsteady Navier- Stokes, energy and diffusion equations are obtained. A new similarity is found using group-theoretic analysis which renders the exact similar governing equations amenable to analytical solution using...
High-order balanced M-band orthogonal multiwavelet: Construction and application
March 2012
This article proposed an approach to construct high-order balanced M-band (M>2) orthogonal multiwavelets with symmetric property, and demonstrated the advantages of our constructed multiwavelet systems in digital elevation model (DEM) generalization application over some other wavelet systems. We studied the theories related to the key properties of M-band multiwavelets, such as orthogonality, symmetry,...
An overview of different modeling approaches to prediction of the likely effects of climate change on range shifts of species
March 2012
Climate change may have noticeable impacts on global biodiversity and can be considered as a huge long-term threat to species survival. To assess the extinction risk of wildlife species and in spatial planning approaches for conservation strategies, it is essential to predict how species respond to climate changes via shift in geographic range. The prediction of species responses to climate change can be done...
Investigation of structural properties of layered III-nitride semiconductor materials by high resolution X-rays diffraction
March 2012
High resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) was used to investigate the structural properties of group III-nitride semiconductors, and was shown to give separable information on crystalline quality as well as on chemical composition, residual stresses, etc. Contributions from the various structural parameters to the HRXRD diagram profile, although mixed to each other, have been sorted out. Through the examples of...
Numerical study on aluminum panels used in braced steel frames as energy dissipation systems
March 2012
In this paper, aluminum panels were used to improve the seismic behavior of the braced steel frames. One of the methods used to improve the seismic behavior of structures is the use of vertical links as energy dissipation systems. Aluminum has a low yielding stress and it yields faster than steel which results in a significant ductility. The investigation method was simulation by ABAQUS software....
Synthesis and characterization on electrical properties of conducting polymer of polypyrrole and polypyrrole/cadmium sulfide composites
March 2012
A series of conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy) and polypyrrole/cadmium sulfide (PPy/CdS) composites were successfully synthesized using the chemical reaction method. PPy/CdS composites were prepared with CdS concentration percentages ranging from 2 to 10%. From the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, the XRD pattern showed evidence of conducting structure of polymer PPy and PPy/CdS composites. The spectrum clearly...
Corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel in sulphuric acid
March 2012
The resistance and susceptibility of austenitic stainless steel, Type 304, exposed to strong tetraoxosulphate (VI) acids (2 and 5 M concentrations) contaminated with sodium chloride at ambient temperatures was investigated by gravimetric and metallographic/scanning electron microscopy surface characterization methods. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine and characterize the test specimen’s...
Relationship between drying time and surface roughness in Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica) wood
March 2012
Siberian pine wood imported from Russian Federation has a wide indoor and outdoor application in Turkey. The factors which affect drying times and consequently drying costs, control system quality and drying schedules of this wood are well known; however, the effect of surface quality on drying times of Siberian pine wood is not known. In this study, the effect of surface quality on drying times and final moisture...
Long-term sea level change in the Malaysian seas from multi-mission altimetry data
March 2012
The long-term sea level change during 1993 to 2008 was investigated in the Malaysian seas from satellite altimetry data of the TOPEX, JASON-1, ERS-1, ERS-2 and ENVISAT missions. Sea level data retrieval and reduction were carried out using the radar altimeter database system (RADS). In RADS data processing, the 2008 updated environmental and geophysical corrections were applied. Six 1° × 1° areas were...
Prediction of the rate of dust fall in Quetta city, Pakistan using seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA) modeling
March 2012
The components and quantities of atmospheric dust fallout have been reported to be the pollution indicator of large urban areas. The multiplicity and complexity of sources of atmospheric dusts in urban regions has put forward the need for source apportionment of these sources in order to indicate) their contribution to a specific environmental receptor. The study presented here is focused on the investigation of the...
Determination of kinetic coefficients for the biological treatment of textile wastewater
March 2012
The objective of the research is to evaluate the performance of aerated lagoon for biological treatment of textile wastewater and to determine kinetic coefficients for the design of treatment facilities. For this purpose, a bench scale model of aerated lagoon was set up and was operated continuously for 92 days by varying aeration times from 5 to 15 days. Primary treated wastewater effluent collected from Nishat Textile...
Learning with power l1-graph for single labeled image biometric recognition
March 2012
Single labeled biometric recognition is one of the main challenges to graph-based transductive classification learning. To enhance the recognition rate of single labeled problem, sparse representation provides a feasible strategy for representation learning. In this paper, we developed a power l1-graph learning technique for semi-supervised learning, called label propagation by power l1-graph (LPPG). Different...
Tree structured encoding based multi-objective multicast routing algorithm
March 2012
Quality-of-service (QoS) based multicast routing is a major challenge to next generation networks due to the increasing demand of real-time applications which require strict QoS guarantee. In the presented multi-objective multicast routing, the QoS parameters, namely, cost and available bandwidth are represented as objectives, while end-to-end delay and delay jitter are represented as constraints. The optimization...
A learning automata approach to adaptive web sites
March 2012
Web is a large network of related documents that are increasing rapidly. Due to the unknown optimal structure for a web site, providing a way to do this is important. In this paper, a method based on distributed learning automaton (DLA) with variable number of actions to create an adaptive web site is provided that has ability to insert efficient links and eliminate inefficient links. In the proposed method, we used web...
An intelligent approach for malware detection in dual stack IPv4/IPV6 networks
March 2012
The advent of internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) as a replacement of internet protocol version 4 (ipv4) has raised the necessity for efficient and effective malware detection techniques for IPv6 networks. Because of the evolvable and polymorphic malware, current malware detection technologies cannot cope with the exponential growth of malwares. This paper proposes a new intelligent approach based on adapted evolving...
Development of narrow band spectral-sliced wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system and its performance in optical access networks
March 2012
In this paper, we have proposed a narrow band spectral-sliced wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system and investigated its performance for optical access networks application. In the proposed system, the low cost light emitting diodes (LEDs) are used as the broad band light source. The system performance investigation was carried out using non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and return-to-zero (RZ) modulation format by...
Wavelet method for a class of space and time fractional telegraph equations
March 2012
In this paper, an operational matrix of integration based on Haar wavelets (HW) is introduced, and a procedure for applying the matrix to solve space and time fractional telegraph equations is formulated. The space and time fractional derivatives are considered in the Caputo sense. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by the five test problems. Approximate solutions of the space and time...
Adaptive control of the generalized Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation
March 2012
In this paper, the adaptive and non-adaptive stabilization of the generalized Korteweg-de Vries (KdV)-Burgers equation by nonlinear boundary control are analyzed. This is motivated by the method proposed by Smaoui (2004). We use this method to resolve the adaptive control of the generalized KdV-Burgers equation. For the non-adaptive case, using Lyapunov method, we show that the controlled system is exponentially stable...
Numerical solution of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind by using fuzzy transforms
March 2012
In this paper, we introduce an approach by using inverse fuzzy transforms based on the fuzzy partition with combination in collocation technique for the numerical solution of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. The main advantage of this approach is to reduce the problem to the linear system of equations. We present the convergence theorem for this method. Finally, we give two examples to illustrate the...
Electrocoagulation process for removal of adenosine-5'-monophosphate and sodium hexamethaphosphate from the synthetic wastewater
March 2012
As well known, eutrophication is one of the main problems encountered in surface water. This phenomenon is caused by the excess phosphate level in the effluent of wastewater treatment plant. Thus, to control of eutrophication, removal of phosphorus is required. The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of electrocoagulation (EC) process to phosphorus removal from the synthetic wastewater. This study was an...
Metaheuristics for scheduling on parallel machine to minimize weighted number of early and tardy jobs
March 2012
This paper considers the scheduling of n jobs on m parallel machines to minimize the weighted number of early and tardy jobs. The single machine case of this problem has been shown to be NP- complete in the strong sense. This problem on m parallel machineis also NP complete in the strong sense and finding an optimal solution appears unlikely. The problem is formulated as an...
Co-crystal structure of mixed molecules
March 2012
Based on the fundamentals of organic chemistry, the approach leads to the corresponding amides in good yields which were the reaction of esters with primary amines. In our laboratory, there was no reaction when we tried to react methyl 2-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yloxy)acetate with 2-(2-aminophenyl) benzothiazole). Although the spectral data was so enough for validation of the structure of the product but in the thin layer...
Design and implementation of an improved arbitrary waveform generator based on Walsh functions
March 2012
The design and implementation of a new method of generating arbitrary signals was attempted. This new system is based upon the use of Walsh functions, which are derived from Rademacher functions. The VHDL modeling and the Xilinx field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) implementation of the proposed circuit were made. Two Walsh circuits realized using counter and exclusive OR (XOR) gates mainly control the operation of the...
Ground State Heavy Mesons Spectrum in Cornell Potential
March 2012
This paper studies the meson masses containing heavy flavour quark (anti-quark) with light flavour combination. The considered potential is Coulomb as well as linear confining terms. Also, an improved form of the hyperfine interaction is introduced. The ground state masses (J=0 and J=1) of heavy mesons and magnetic moments of heavy mesons with J=1 using the effective mass of the confined quarks are computed. The...
Hydromagnetic rotating flow in a porous medium with slip condition and Hall current
March 2012
The slip effect on hydromagnetic rotating flow of viscous fluid through a porous space is investigated. The fluid is electrically conducting with the consideration of Hall current. The entire system rotates about the axis normal to a porous plate of uniform suction or injection with uniform angular velocity. The closed form solution is obtained using Laplace transform technique. The analytical expression for skin...
Unsteady flow through porous medium induced by periodically rotating half-filled horizontal concentric cylindrical annulus with heat transfer
March 2012
This communication investigates the unsteady flow of viscous incompressible fluid through porous medium induced by periodically heated half filled concentric cylindrical annulus placed horizontally. The boundaries of the annulus are rotating periodically with different angular velocities in the same or opposite directions about their common axis. The governing equations are expressed in terms of stream function and...
A class of totally umbilical slant submanifolds of Lorentzian para-Sasakian manifolds
March 2012
In the present paper, we study slant submanifolds of a Lorentzian para (LP)-Sasakian manifold. We consider as a totally umbilical proper slant submanifold of an LP-Sasakian manifold and show that every totally umbilical proper slant submanifold of an LP-Sasakian manifold is either totally geodesic or if it is not totally geodesic in , then we derive a formula of its slant angle and give an...
Differential transform method for solving partial differential equations with variable coefficients
February 2012
In this paper, we consider the differential transform method (DTM) for finding approximate and exact solutions of some partial differential equations with variable coefficients. The efficiency of the considered method is illustrated by some examples. The results reveal that the proposed method is very effective and simple and can be applied for other linear and nonlinear problems in mathematical...
Classification of cultivated soils in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia based on natural radionuclides using artificial neural networks
February 2012
A great awareness of safe crop production is needed by selecting the suitable uncontaminated soil, and good seed types, etc. In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) was used to classify thirteen cultivated soils, in adjacent regions, in Al-Kharj Governorate, Saudi Arabia based on their natural radionuclide contents detected using gamma-ray spectrometer and geographical coordinates and altitude measured using GPS...
Structural health monitoring and damage assessment Part II: Application of the damage locating vector (DLV) method to the ASCE benchmark structure experimental data
February 2012
This paper builds on the review of structural health monitoring (SHM) and damage assessment approaches provided in a companion paper by presenting an application of the damage locating vector (DLV) approach to the experimental (Phase II) data obtained from the experimental benchmark structure of the IASC-ASCE task group on SHM, which is a laboratory (scaled) size steel frame. Different damage conditions were simulated...
Energy efficiency and thermal comfort influences of alternatives of single skin façade (SSF) and double skin façade (DSF) in tropical bungalow house
February 2012
Sustainable design is an important goal in architecture. Sustainability could be approached with low energy and high thermal comfort buildings. In this study, a bungalow house as a BASECASE model was simulated with “DesignBuilder” software based on “Energy Plus”. Then influence of double glazing, external blind and double skin façade (DSF) on energy consumption and thermal comfort of...
Workload management: A technology perspective with respect to self characteristics
February 2012
Rapid growth in data, maximum functionality and changing behavior tends the workload to be more complex. Organizations have complex type of workloads that is very difficult to manage by the humans and even in some cases, this management becomes impossible. Human experts take much time to get sufficient experience so that they can manage workload efficiently. The versatility in workload due to huge data size and requests...
Electrochemical sensors for direct potentiometric determination of Voriconazole in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological fluids
February 2012
The compositions and general performance characteristics of four polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane sensors respective to Voriconazole (VR) were described. Two of these sensors are based on the use of ion association complexes of VR with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) as novel electroactive materials dispersed ino-nitrophenyloctyl ether (o-NPOE) plasticizer on glass assemblies. The third sensor...
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