A study on utilization of shipping agency services with special reference to console shipping services, India Private Limited at Tirupur City
September 2013
Shipping and logistics play a major role in foreign trade operations. Knowledge and experience on different modes of transport, shipping lines, routes, and transshipment etc. would enable the persons in charge of Export-Import to profitably decide the feasibility of different modes of shipment. The Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) is responsible for implementing and enforcing the Export Administration...
Ethics and postsecondary accounting curriculum in Bahrain: Perspective from faculty members
September 2013
Recent corporate scandals have led to renewed calls for ethics education for the accounting profession. Academic institutions employ variety of teaching methods and place a substantial level of emphasis when teaching ethics to accounting students. We report on a questionnaire survey of accounting faculty members at Bahraini universities to investigate the perceptions on the issue of incorporating ethics into...
The contextual framework of corporate income tax evasion
July 2013
The Portfolio Investment Framework, the Principal Agent Framework and the Principal Two Agents Framework of tax evasion, individually or collectively, are inadequate to represent fairly the dynamics of corporate income tax evasion. These behavior based frameworks are for the prediction of tax evasion and their usefulness for identifying tax evasion is limited. To bridge the gap between the prediction and the...
Role of the agency theory in implementing management's control
July 2013
The major purpose of this article is to analyze the role of the "Agency Theory" in implementing effective control mechanisms. In effect, various control paradigms under the following situations are elaborated: a) When the agent's control system is merely based on the output under the condition of uncertainty; b) When the control mechanism is based on the output, and information about agent's action or...
Earnings management and performance of French IPO companies
May 2013
In this paper, we examine the impact of discretionary current accruals on the performance of French IPO companies. We first note income-increasing earnings management in the first year as a public company and not in the year before the IPO (Initial Public Offerings). Based on a sample of 139 French IPOs over the period 1999 to 2007, including 38 failures, we also document that companies associated with aggressive...
The evaluation of the investment environment in the industrial activity in Jordan
May 2013
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the investment environment in Jordan from the perceptions of the workers in the industrial activity. Data was collected by a questionnaire which depended on five aspects; namely; economic infrastructure, the characteristics of the Jordanian economic environment, labor force, industrial free zones and the Jordan Investment Board and the promotion policies. 70 questionnaires were...
An empirical assessment of the determinants of bank profitability in Nigeria: Bank characteristics panel evidence
December 2012
Given the recent developments in the Nigerian banking industry, only a profitable banking sector is better able to withstand negative shocks and contribute to the stability of the financial system. This assertion compels an in depth investigation of the determinants of the profitability of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Our data set is made up of 147 bank level observations over a 10-year period from 2001 to 2010 in...
The domination of the pure form of capitalism over the objectives of financial statements (reporting)
December 2012
A careful analysis of four documents related to the formulation of objectives of financial statements (reporting) reveals that they are dominated by the pure form of capitalism. Two documents (the Trueblood Committee’s Report and SFAC No.1) are constructed as normative theories based explicitly on the U.S. culture. The other two documents (the IASB’s CF and the IASB-FASB’s Joint CF) are not constructed...
Corporate social responsibility: A study on awareness of managers and consumers in Vietnam
December 2011
This paper aims to examine how executives and managers from different Vietnamese enterprises represent their awareness and their perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR), as well as whether the attitude of Vietnamese consumers towards CSR is positive. Based on the quantitative analysis, the paper provides evidence that while a large proportion of managers express a highly positive attitude towards CSR and...
Accounting practices of SMEs in Zimbabwe: An investigative study of record keeping for performance measurement (A case study of Bindura)
December 2011
Contemporary research is emphasizing the development of sound accounting systems in SMEs in order to improve financial management in these entities. This research investigated accounting record keeping practices for performance measurement employed by SMEs in Zimbabwe, using Bindura as a case. The survey research design was used. The target population comprised of 100 SMEs operating retail shops, manufacturing firms and...
The perception of ethics in auditing profession in Nigeria
November 2011
The purpose of the study is to provide evidence on ethics, legitimacy of auditing profession and the future outlook of the profession in Nigeria by obtaining responses from external auditors, industry and academic accountants as well as auditing students. In spite of the existence of research pointing to the link between corporate scandal and loss of public confidence, there is paucity of research focused on the future...
Corporate taxation, investment and productivity: A firm level estimation
November 2011
This paper analyses how corporate taxes can affect investment and productivity. To address this question the paper uses data from a set of 42 developing countries taken from the World Bank Business Environment Surveys and examines whether firms with different sizes are affected differently by taxation. We extend the analysis that has been carried out relating tax rates to investment into the analysis of the impact of...
The relationship between executive compensation and firm performance in the Kenyan banking sector
October 2011
Economic theory of executive pay has focused on the design of optimal compensation schemes to align the interests of managers and shareholders. Agency theory has identified several factors by which these interests may differ; including the level of effort exerted by the manager and problems resulting from the unobservabilty of the agent’s relevant skills. The design of optimal compensation contracts essentially...
Investigating tax fairness in eleventh century England: Evidence from Wiltshire estates
October 2011
The Domesday Survey of 1086 recorded a wealth of information on the Anglo-Norman tax system. The survey data includes the tax assessments, incomes and resources of most estates in England. The assessments relate to an estate tax known as the geld. Details of the way the assessments were imposed and the rationale underlying the assessment process are no longer extant, but by analysing the relationships between...
An empirical evaluation of small and medium enterprises equity investment scheme in Nigeria
September 2011
This study empirically evaluates the performance of the Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs). Equity Investment Scheme in Nigeria (SMEEIS), using Benue and Nassarawa States as case study. Secondary data of total credit to SMEs as percentage of banks total credit for a period from 1993 to 2008 were made available. Paired sample t-test was used as a technique to test the significance of bank loans before and after...
Individual taxpayers’ attitude and compliance behaviour in Nigeria: The moderating role of financial condition and risk preference
September 2011
A number of factors may be responsible for low compliance in income tax administration in Nigeria. However, taxpayers’ attitude has been identified as one factor that play important role in influencing tax compliance behaviour. Besides, the influence of taxpayers’ attitude on compliance behaviour may be moderated by financial condition and risk preference. This study investigated the moderating effect of...
Design and development of credit rating model for public sector banks in India: Special reference to small and medium enterprises
September 2011
This research focuses on the design and development of the credit rating model for public sector banks in India. The need to enhance the existing model and to realize the impact of BASEL II Norms was the reason for the development of the models. Also, the absence of appropriate weights in the current system triggers the need for the development of the same model. Different models were constructed using weighted average...
Investigation of the effective factors in collection of occupation tax in Iran
September 2011
Occupation tax is assumed as one of the significant sources of tax collection for the revenue sources of the government. Due to this fact, this research attempts to investigate the effective factors in the collection of the occupation tax according to the auditors as well as the taxpayers of Iran, and so identify the weak points as well as the potentialities of this field of activity, and also to help the tax system to...
Financial analysis as a consideration for stock exchange investment decisions in Tanzania
August 2011
Stock exchange investment in Tanzania is growing fast, and many people of different varieties of income are participating in the purchase of shares commonly known as stock exchange. However, there is seemingly little concern on the use of financial analysis on the part of local individual investors when purchasing the shares. Hence, this paper presents the findings of the study on financial analysis as a consideration...
The factors influencing bank credit risk: The case of Tunisia
August 2011
This paper aims to examine the determinants of bank credit risk in Tunisia, being an emergent country. Our sample includes ten commercial banks over the period of 1995 to 2008. The paper takes into account both macroeconomic factors and microeconomic variables that are likely to influence credit risk. Overall, the results show that the main determinants of bank credit risk in Tunisia are: ownership structure, prudential...
Myth and reality of the imbricating concepts of tax avoidance and evasion
July 2011
The difference between tax avoidance and tax evasion is the thickness of a prison wall. “Human beings are greedy by nature and they want to extract the maximum out of what is potentially available to them, but there are ways of this extraction. Every way need not be wrong, though most of them are.” The difference between tax avoidance and tax evasion is that tax avoidance is legally permissible by law while...
Disclosure frequency and earnings management: An analysis in the Tunisian context
July 2011
The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between information disclosure by quoted Tunisian firms and earnings’ management. Our survey has been achieved on a sample of 19 firms listed in the Tunis stock exchange over a period spanning from 1999 to 2008. The results confirm the existence of a negative and significant relationship between disclosure by firms which constitute this study’s sample and...
The challenge of risk management in Nigerian banks in the post consolidation era
June 2011
Many empirical literature showed several attempts at explaining and measuring risk-taking behaviour in banks to incentives created by safety-net programmes such as the fixed-rate deposit insurance system which though arguably, engenders cross-subsidization by creating avenues to take on risk inefficiently; the so-called moral hazard problem. The moral hazard view of risk taking in banks assumes that shareholders...
The effect of value added taxes on the Indian society
June 2011
Value added tax (VAT) is a type of indirect tax that is imposed on goods and services. Sometimes, when the government operates on a budget surplus or wants to increase its revenue in order to finance its budget deficit. A question that arises is whether value added tax has been a boon or misery for a developing country like India. Around 136 countries in Asia have recognized the importance of value added tax. In one of...
Comparative analysis of the impact of mergers and acquisitions on financial efficiency of banks in Nigeria
May 2011
Mergers and acquisitions in the Nigerian banking sector are reform strategies recently adopted to reposition the banking sector. These were done to achieve improved financial efficiency, forestall operational hardships and expansion bottlenecks. It is against this backdrop that the paper made a comparative analysis of the impact of mergers and acquisitions on financial efficiency of banks in Nigeria. This paper used...
A comparative evaluation of South African SME financial statements against the IFRS requirements
May 2011
Research revealed that strong enforcement of accounting standards would improve the quality of financial reporting. As a result, information communicated by management to existing and potential shareholders should also improve. Proper financial reporting is however not necessarily an SME objective. Traditionally SME owners also fulfil a management function in the business. Moreover, little evidence exist that disclosure...
The modern portfolio theory as an investment decision tool
March 2011
This research paper is academic exposition into the modern portfolio theory (MPT) written with a primary objective of showing how it aids an investor to classify, estimate, and control both the kind and the amount of expected risk and return in an attempt to maximize portfolio expected return for a given amount of portfolio risk, or equivalently minimize risk for a given level of expected return. A methodology section...
The evidence of management motivation to revalue property plant and equipment in Tunisia
March 2011
This article deals with the relationship between emotions and accounting method. Specifically, it examines the links between cognitive biases and use of assets revaluation. Indeed, in order to improve the explanatory power of the positive theory of accounting, we integrated the behavioural dimension in the analysis of accounting choices: our goal is to show the role of these biases on the choice of revaluation...
Analysis of the effectiveness of capital expenditure budgeting in the local government system of Ondo State, Nigeria
February 2011
Year in year out, Nigerians always hear of billions and trillions of naira budgeted as capital expenditure in our annual budget. This amount undoubtedly continues to increase with each passing year, but the society is always at a loss as to where the money was invested. There seems to be wide disparity between budget proposal and accomplishment. The government at all levels are accused of disregard for budgetary...
Capital market as a veritable source of development in Nigeria economy
February 2011
This study takes a look at the impact of the capital market in the development of the Nigerian economy. The main objective includes; identifying the importance of the capital market. Data were collected from the Central Bank Statistical Bulletin from the period of 1992 to 2007 and the Ordinary Least Square and cochrane – Orcutt iterative methods were used to analyze the data. It was discovered that the...
Investigation of the effective factors in the efficiency of tax system
October 2010
In Iran, Tax Organization is in charge of collecting taxes. To have an efficient organization, we need to investigate the factors effective in the efficiency of the organization and to determine the level of their effectiveness. This study focuses on six of several factors, which may be effective in the efficiency of tax system, including information technology (IT), tax law, administrative formalities, private sector...
Climate change compliant microfinance delivery in Nigeria
October 2010
Climate change refers to any long-term significant change in the average weather that a given region experiences. It upsets seasonal cycles, destroys ecosystems and water supply, causes sea levels to rise and affects agriculture and food production. The changes are already visible in Nigeria. Combating climate change can come by way of mitigation and adaptation measures. Researchers are intensifying effort at developing...
Review of international accounting information systems
August 2010
This paper traces the benefits of international accounting information systems-their contribution to standardization and harmonization by purposing and tasking for business management. In this review, the goal is to describe and summarize how the accounting information system can help management decisions and influence the business environment in a global scale. The unified, standardized accounting information system...
Divergences between the BR GAAP and US GAAP
August 2010
The objective of this paper is to analyze impacts of the divergences between Brazilian accounting standards (BR GAAP) and ‘generally accepted accounting principles’ in the United States (US GAAP) in accounting recognition, measurement and disclosure. Seventeen Brazilian companies listed on the São Paulo stock exchange (BOVESPA) that negotiated American depositary receipts (ADRs) on the New York stock...
The relative informativeness of GAAP and pro forma earnings announcements in France
June 2010
This paper addresses the main problem raised by pro forma (or “street”) earnings. The aim is to help investors find their focus as they rely on pro forma earnings figures to make decisions on investing in French publicly-traded securities. We study 116 pro forma earnings announcements made over the period 1996 - 2006 to investigate why French traded corporations use pro forma reporting in their annual...
A new tax technology: The Brazilian experience with a general bank transactions tax
June 2010
This is a statement paper about tax reform. It tries to point to new trends in the world economy and to its consequences for tax practitioners’, taxpayers and tax administrators. Its main conclusion is that the world needs a new tax technology, and based on the Brazilian experience, proposes that a bank transaction tax may fulfill this need. Especially in developing countries tax reform has been one of the most...
Priority sector advances: Trends, issues and strategies
December 2009
An enunciation of the need to channelise the flow of credit to certain sectors of the economy, known as the priority sectors, in the largest interest of the country, can be traced to the Reserve Bank’s credit policy for the year 1967 - 1968. The government initiated measures for social control over banks in 1967 - 1968 with a view to securing a better adaptation of the banking system to the needs of economic...
Corporate taxation and capital gains realization in Canada
December 2009
In this paper, an empirical work is designed to test whether corporate capital gains realization is associated with corporate tax. Under Canadian tax rules, capital gains are taxed when a taxpayer realizes them, rather than at the time that those gains accrue. It was tested whether corporate tax status, including accumulated loss-carry-overs, affects the decision to realize capital gains. Using financial statements from...
Perception towards the importance and knowledge of information technology among auditors in Malaysia
October 2009
This paper reports the results of a study that investigates the level of IT knowledge and also IT importance in the specific context of audit work in Malaysia. Results of this study is based on data collected from 95 audit firms via mailed questionnaires. The results suggested information systems audit in Malaysia is still at the infant stage. IT knowledge level among the auditors is lower than their perception towards...
Strategic disclosure for political gain: The case of the corporate alternative minimum tax
October 2009
We examine the disclosure choices of firms subject to the Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (AMT). We find systematic differences in disclosure choices by firms subject to the AMT consistent with their attempting to influence perceptions of the effectiveness of the AMT. We believe these findings support the inference that firms will differentially respond to increased tax disclosures under...
Political stewardship accounting for good governance in Ekiti state, Nigeria
September 2009
This paper aimed at analyzing the importance of stewardship accounting in government ministries in Ekiti State and the causes of mismanagement in government-sector finance. The population comprised four thousand principal officers in the sixteen local governments of Ekiti State of Nigeria out of which four hundred were stratifiedly selected from each local government. The data were gathered through questionnaires while...
Determinants of corporate financial reporting lag: the French empirical evidence
September 2009
This paper focuses on studying why some managers of listed companies decide to disclose their financial numbers later than others who opt to publish earlier. This research concentrates on both statutory annual financial disclosures in France: the earnings announcements date and the full financial statements release date. The reporting lag is in fact a pivotal issue, since there is increasing demand from investors for...
Goodwill impairment after business combination among Jordanian shareholding companies
July 2009
This study examined whether external users of financial statements are capable of assessing goodwill impairment apart from management. This study aimed at investigating goodwill write-offs resulted from acquisitions among Jordanian shareholding companies in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) during 1985 - 2005. This study tested for the notion that the seeds of the eventual goodwill write-off are planted at the time of the...
A critical review of Fischer tax compliance model: A research synthesis
July 2009
The primary objective of this paper is to summarize and review extant literature concerning Fischer tax compliance model for a dual purpose. Firstly, the Fischer tax compliance model provides a framework for understanding the influence of those socio-economic and psychological components on tax payers’ compliance decision. We suggest a partial refinement to this model by incorporating another important...
Attitudes toward learning accounting by computers: The impact on perceived skills
April 2009
Accountancy has been significantly affected by information technology. Accounting education curricula, however, still largely ignore the use of computers as tools in the learning process, mainly because of budgetary and timetable constraints. This study investigates the impact of learning accounting by computers on students' perceived skills. The aim of our study was to determine the effectiveness of teaching...
The impact of income tax rates (ITR) on the economic development of Botswana
April 2009
Traditional schools of thought advocated the theory of low income tax rates’ influencing economic development, whereas modern schools of thought propagated the theory of higher income tax rates producing greater economic growth, especially for developed nations. In order to justify these thoughts an attempt was made taking Botswana as a case study to pin point the effect of low and high income tax rates on...
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