R&D activity and operating performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): The case of a small open economy
September 2016
The study investigates the impact of R&D activity on operational performance of small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Prior studies have indicated that R&D activity improves market performance of large listed companies in advanced economies. We extend the research objective on the operational performance of SMEs in the small open Greek economy in which SMEs are normally not listed companies operating in a...
Analysis of value added tax effect on firms’ cash flow in various sectors of the emerging economies
August 2016
Inadequate cash flow constitutes the major reason for most corporate failures. However, absence of empirical evidence on value added tax (VAT) effect on corporate cash flow in different industries means that cash flow implications are often ignored by VAT policy makers. This study examines the relationship between VAT and firms’ cash flow in various sectors of the economy within the context of an emerging economy....
Do firms manage earnings and avoid tax for corporate social responsibility?
May 2016
This study examines the relationship between corporate tax avoidance (CTA), earnings management (EM) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) within a context of an emerging economy. The study employs system methods of moments (GMM) and logistic regression to establish whether firms in Ghana manage earnings and avoid tax to finance corporate social responsibility. The results show that almost all the firms sampled have...
Do corporate governance best practices restrain tax evasion? Evidence from Greece
January 2016
The aim of the present paper is to examine the association between corporate governance practices and the extent of tax evasion for the Greek listed companies when they operated in an accounting environment characterized by a high level of book-tax conformity. The results suggest that tax evasion is lower when the chairman of the board is also the owner of the company. A strong negative association is also reported...
Assessment of the non- financial measures of performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria
September 2015
This work aimed at assessing the non- financial measures of performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The population of the study comprised the entire 21 banks listed on the Nigerian stock exchange as at December, 2013. The study employed expos - factor research design; data were collected from a sample of nine (9) deposits money banks. Content analysis method was employed, with the use of scoring and grading...
Effect of instructional design on learning the accounting equation in an introductory accounting course
September 2015
The study examines the effect of two instructional design formats on performance scores in introductory accounting when learning the accounting equation. The conventional split-source instructional design and the integrated instructional design were used in an experiment administered to two groups of students. Sixty-four students enrolled in introductory accounting participated in the study. Results of performance...
Factors associated with Internal Audit Effectiveness: Evidence from Greece
July 2015
The current study investigates the specific factors associated with internal audit effectiveness in the Greek business environment. Empirical evidence was collected by means of a mailed survey. Factor Analysis and regression analysis are used in order to illustrate the gathered information. The findings indicate that the main factors affecting internal audit effectiveness are: (1) quality of internal audit, (2)...
Tax audit effectiveness in Greek firms: Tax auditors’ perceptions
July 2015
Changes in tax auditing procedures, tax administration and generally in tax policy have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between tax audit effectiveness, tax legislation and the use of specialized information system tools. We use the ability of public tax auditors to track tax infringements as a measure of tax audit effectiveness. Over two...
Influence of individual ethical orientation on tax compliance: Evidence among Ghanaian Taxpayers
June 2015
Even though Africa has constantly emphasized the need to reduce deficit financing through mobilization of more internal revenues, this has not been achieved. Perhaps encouraging voluntary tax compliance can improve internal revenue mobilization. This study explores the relationship between ethical orientation and tax compliance and finds that ethical persons are generally more tax compliant than unethical persons but...
Effect of distortionary and non-distortionary taxes on economic growth: Evidence from Sub-Saharan African countries
June 2015
Studies on economic growth have provided insights into why states grow at different rates over time. Most recently, endogenous growth economics asserts that government expenditure and taxation will have both temporary and permanent effects on economic growth. The debate on the effectiveness of taxes as a tool for promoting growth and development remains inconclusive. Against this background, this study sought to...
An empirical analysis of taxpayers’ fairness preferences from Canada’s Taxpayer Bill of rights
May 2015
Many countries have adopted a taxpayer charter or equivalent, which governs the relationship between taxpayers and tax authorities. However, little is known about the extent to which these charters are constructed in accordance with widely accepted fairness dimensions, as well as the relative importance of taxpayer charter rights within each fairness dimension. This research investigates the Canadian taxpayer charter...
Employees’ compensation: Do taxes play any role? Evidence from the compensation-taxation literature
May 2015
Compensation incentive schemes are mainly driven by the need to align owner-manager interests in the real corporate world of separation of ownership and control. We find that the role of taxes and its implication for employees’ compensation is, at best, evidently inconclusive in the compensation-taxation literature. Using a literature review/synthesis of the existing research approach, we begin by identifying...
Ethics education in management accounting studies: Evidence from business schools in Ghana
May 2015
Management accounting in recent times, and perhaps rightly so, has begun to gain recognition as a profession separate and complimentary to financial accounting. Evidence exists to suggest that management accountants are exposed to a unique set of ethical challenges within industry and that a significant high number of management accountants have engaged in unethical practices in performing their jobs. For the accounting...
Audit expectation gap and MBA accounting students’ knowledge on auditor(s)’ responsibilities: Evidence from a public university in Kumasi Ashanti Region of Ghana
April 2015
Auditing has become a critical indispensable part of business and corporate life in today’s world and it is receiving great entrenchment in national legal status of almost every nation. However, there are evidences that suggest that users of financial statements and the public at large do not have knowledge about auditors’ responsibilities and this has resulted in what has become known as audit expectation...
Investigating the use of the four perspectives of balanced score card (BSC) as technique for assessing performance by Nigerian banks
April 2015
This paper explores the use of BSC as technique for assessing performance in the Nigerian banking industry. The population of the study comprised 21 banks operating in Gombe State, Nigeria. A purposive sampling technique was adopted to arrive at the sample of eleven banks. A survey technique was used to obtain data for the study. Fifty five copies of questionnaire were distributed to the executive staff of the...
Financial ratios between fraudulent and non-fraudulent firms: Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange
March 2015
Fraud is a broad concept with two basic types seen in practice. The first is the misappropriation of assets and the second is fraudulent financial reporting. Fraudulent financial reporting usually occurs in the form of falsification of financial statements in order to obtain some forms of benefit. The current research compares the financial ratios between fraudulent and non-fraudulent firms for the companies listed on...
Royalty interest management strategy and cost of oil and gas production in the Nigerian Niger- Delta
March 2015
This study examined royalty interest management strategy and cost of oil and gas production in the Nigerian Niger-Delta. The respondents were sixteen opinion leaders from two oil and gas bearing communities in Rivers State. The survey research design was adopted for the study. The spearman rank order correlation coefficient was used to test the hypotheses. Results indicated that there is a strong and significant...
Gift tax compliance in Ghana: Evidence from Kumasi Metropolis
February 2015
The study examined the awareness and level of compliance of gift tax among taxpayers in Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana. Two hundred and fifty-two respondents were sampled for the study using the purposive sampling method. Questionnaire and interview guides were used to solicit data and information from the respondents. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of excel package....
Canonical relationship between performance indicators based on Brazil, US and IFRS accounting standards of Brazilian and United Kingdom companies
January 2015
The aim of the article is to identify canonical correlations among performance indicators calculated from a base of accounting statements prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP), Brazilian accounting standards (BR GAAP) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Descriptive research with a quantitative approach was carried out. A research sample of 50...
Enhanced relationship preparedness in a Dutch multinational context: A tax control framework
January 2015
This paper deals with enhanced relationship participation in an international context. The purpose of this paper is to present insight into the essentials for implementing a Tax Control Framework (TCF) and to present incentives to participate in an enhanced relationship. First, the relevant guidance for implementing a TCF is described. Second, based on a survey with tax directors of the largest Dutch multinational...
The market impact of mergers and acquisitions on acquiring firms in the U.S.
September 2014
Previous studies have examined acquiring firms undergoing mergers and acquisitions along with the impact that these events have on firm security prices. These studies have had mixed results. Some indicate negative impact on stock prices while others conclude that there is a positive effect. This study extends these previous studies by increasing both the number of firms sampled and the years evaluated. The first...
Do the changes in tax incentives encourage direct investment in China by Taiwanese enterprises?
September 2014
This study examined the association between tax incentives of China’s 2008 Enterprise Income Tax Law (the 2008 tax law) and inflows of foreign direct investments from Taiwanese enterprises (TDI) to China. In addition, this study also investigated the effects of industry and location on TDI. This study showed that reduced tax rate concessions for foreign enterprises and increased tax rate considerably reduced TDI...
Auditors’ perceptions on impact of mandatory audit firm rotation on auditor independence –Evidence from Bahrain
April 2014
The current study examined several issues regarding auditor independence from the perspective of an emerging market such as Bahrain. Factors affecting the ability of auditors to remain independent include long audit tenure, financial dependence on a single audit client, non-audit services provided to audit clients, ex-auditor employment with an audit client and the existence of audit committees. It is therefore timely...
Rotation of independent auditors and analysis of their reports before and after rotation in Brazil
April 2014
The aim of mandatory rotation of audit firms by public companies is to preserve the independence of the external auditor and reduce errors and fraud associated with the auditing of financial statements. Nevertheless requiring this rotation periodically is a controversial subject, since it involves the commercial and professional relationship of auditors with their clients and the market for auditing. This study focuses...
Evaluating taxpayers’ attitude and its influence on tax compliance decisions in Tamale, Ghana
September 2013
This research was conducted to provide an insight into the debate in Ghana - a developing country: the influence of attitudes of individual taxpayers on tax compliance decisions. Survey responses from questionnaires administered to operators of SMEs in Tamale, were quantitatively analysed. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. The results indicated that, individuals are highly concerned...
A study on utilization of shipping agency services with special reference to console shipping services, India Private Limited at Tirupur City
September 2013
Shipping and logistics play a major role in foreign trade operations. Knowledge and experience on different modes of transport, shipping lines, routes, and transshipment etc. would enable the persons in charge of Export-Import to profitably decide the feasibility of different modes of shipment. The Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) is responsible for implementing and enforcing the Export Administration...
Ethics and postsecondary accounting curriculum in Bahrain: Perspective from faculty members
September 2013
Recent corporate scandals have led to renewed calls for ethics education for the accounting profession. Academic institutions employ variety of teaching methods and place a substantial level of emphasis when teaching ethics to accounting students. We report on a questionnaire survey of accounting faculty members at Bahraini universities to investigate the perceptions on the issue of incorporating ethics into...
The contextual framework of corporate income tax evasion
July 2013
The Portfolio Investment Framework, the Principal Agent Framework and the Principal Two Agents Framework of tax evasion, individually or collectively, are inadequate to represent fairly the dynamics of corporate income tax evasion. These behavior based frameworks are for the prediction of tax evasion and their usefulness for identifying tax evasion is limited. To bridge the gap between the prediction and the...
Role of the agency theory in implementing management's control
July 2013
The major purpose of this article is to analyze the role of the "Agency Theory" in implementing effective control mechanisms. In effect, various control paradigms under the following situations are elaborated: a) When the agent's control system is merely based on the output under the condition of uncertainty; b) When the control mechanism is based on the output, and information about agent's action or...
Earnings management and performance of French IPO companies
May 2013
In this paper, we examine the impact of discretionary current accruals on the performance of French IPO companies. We first note income-increasing earnings management in the first year as a public company and not in the year before the IPO (Initial Public Offerings). Based on a sample of 139 French IPOs over the period 1999 to 2007, including 38 failures, we also document that companies associated with aggressive...
The evaluation of the investment environment in the industrial activity in Jordan
May 2013
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the investment environment in Jordan from the perceptions of the workers in the industrial activity. Data was collected by a questionnaire which depended on five aspects; namely; economic infrastructure, the characteristics of the Jordanian economic environment, labor force, industrial free zones and the Jordan Investment Board and the promotion policies. 70 questionnaires were...
An empirical assessment of the determinants of bank profitability in Nigeria: Bank characteristics panel evidence
December 2012
Given the recent developments in the Nigerian banking industry, only a profitable banking sector is better able to withstand negative shocks and contribute to the stability of the financial system. This assertion compels an in depth investigation of the determinants of the profitability of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Our data set is made up of 147 bank level observations over a 10-year period from 2001 to 2010 in...
The domination of the pure form of capitalism over the objectives of financial statements (reporting)
December 2012
A careful analysis of four documents related to the formulation of objectives of financial statements (reporting) reveals that they are dominated by the pure form of capitalism. Two documents (the Trueblood Committee’s Report and SFAC No.1) are constructed as normative theories based explicitly on the U.S. culture. The other two documents (the IASB’s CF and the IASB-FASB’s Joint CF) are not constructed...
Corporate social responsibility: A study on awareness of managers and consumers in Vietnam
December 2011
This paper aims to examine how executives and managers from different Vietnamese enterprises represent their awareness and their perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR), as well as whether the attitude of Vietnamese consumers towards CSR is positive. Based on the quantitative analysis, the paper provides evidence that while a large proportion of managers express a highly positive attitude towards CSR and...
Accounting practices of SMEs in Zimbabwe: An investigative study of record keeping for performance measurement (A case study of Bindura)
December 2011
Contemporary research is emphasizing the development of sound accounting systems in SMEs in order to improve financial management in these entities. This research investigated accounting record keeping practices for performance measurement employed by SMEs in Zimbabwe, using Bindura as a case. The survey research design was used. The target population comprised of 100 SMEs operating retail shops, manufacturing firms and...
The perception of ethics in auditing profession in Nigeria
November 2011
The purpose of the study is to provide evidence on ethics, legitimacy of auditing profession and the future outlook of the profession in Nigeria by obtaining responses from external auditors, industry and academic accountants as well as auditing students. In spite of the existence of research pointing to the link between corporate scandal and loss of public confidence, there is paucity of research focused on the future...
Corporate taxation, investment and productivity: A firm level estimation
November 2011
This paper analyses how corporate taxes can affect investment and productivity. To address this question the paper uses data from a set of 42 developing countries taken from the World Bank Business Environment Surveys and examines whether firms with different sizes are affected differently by taxation. We extend the analysis that has been carried out relating tax rates to investment into the analysis of the impact of...
The relationship between executive compensation and firm performance in the Kenyan banking sector
October 2011
Economic theory of executive pay has focused on the design of optimal compensation schemes to align the interests of managers and shareholders. Agency theory has identified several factors by which these interests may differ; including the level of effort exerted by the manager and problems resulting from the unobservabilty of the agent’s relevant skills. The design of optimal compensation contracts essentially...
Investigating tax fairness in eleventh century England: Evidence from Wiltshire estates
October 2011
The Domesday Survey of 1086 recorded a wealth of information on the Anglo-Norman tax system. The survey data includes the tax assessments, incomes and resources of most estates in England. The assessments relate to an estate tax known as the geld. Details of the way the assessments were imposed and the rationale underlying the assessment process are no longer extant, but by analysing the relationships between...
An empirical evaluation of small and medium enterprises equity investment scheme in Nigeria
September 2011
This study empirically evaluates the performance of the Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs). Equity Investment Scheme in Nigeria (SMEEIS), using Benue and Nassarawa States as case study. Secondary data of total credit to SMEs as percentage of banks total credit for a period from 1993 to 2008 were made available. Paired sample t-test was used as a technique to test the significance of bank loans before and after...
Individual taxpayers’ attitude and compliance behaviour in Nigeria: The moderating role of financial condition and risk preference
September 2011
A number of factors may be responsible for low compliance in income tax administration in Nigeria. However, taxpayers’ attitude has been identified as one factor that play important role in influencing tax compliance behaviour. Besides, the influence of taxpayers’ attitude on compliance behaviour may be moderated by financial condition and risk preference. This study investigated the moderating effect of...
Design and development of credit rating model for public sector banks in India: Special reference to small and medium enterprises
September 2011
This research focuses on the design and development of the credit rating model for public sector banks in India. The need to enhance the existing model and to realize the impact of BASEL II Norms was the reason for the development of the models. Also, the absence of appropriate weights in the current system triggers the need for the development of the same model. Different models were constructed using weighted average...
Investigation of the effective factors in collection of occupation tax in Iran
September 2011
Occupation tax is assumed as one of the significant sources of tax collection for the revenue sources of the government. Due to this fact, this research attempts to investigate the effective factors in the collection of the occupation tax according to the auditors as well as the taxpayers of Iran, and so identify the weak points as well as the potentialities of this field of activity, and also to help the tax system to...
Financial analysis as a consideration for stock exchange investment decisions in Tanzania
August 2011
Stock exchange investment in Tanzania is growing fast, and many people of different varieties of income are participating in the purchase of shares commonly known as stock exchange. However, there is seemingly little concern on the use of financial analysis on the part of local individual investors when purchasing the shares. Hence, this paper presents the findings of the study on financial analysis as a consideration...
The factors influencing bank credit risk: The case of Tunisia
August 2011
This paper aims to examine the determinants of bank credit risk in Tunisia, being an emergent country. Our sample includes ten commercial banks over the period of 1995 to 2008. The paper takes into account both macroeconomic factors and microeconomic variables that are likely to influence credit risk. Overall, the results show that the main determinants of bank credit risk in Tunisia are: ownership structure, prudential...
Myth and reality of the imbricating concepts of tax avoidance and evasion
July 2011
The difference between tax avoidance and tax evasion is the thickness of a prison wall. “Human beings are greedy by nature and they want to extract the maximum out of what is potentially available to them, but there are ways of this extraction. Every way need not be wrong, though most of them are.” The difference between tax avoidance and tax evasion is that tax avoidance is legally permissible by law while...
Disclosure frequency and earnings management: An analysis in the Tunisian context
July 2011
The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between information disclosure by quoted Tunisian firms and earnings’ management. Our survey has been achieved on a sample of 19 firms listed in the Tunis stock exchange over a period spanning from 1999 to 2008. The results confirm the existence of a negative and significant relationship between disclosure by firms which constitute this study’s sample and...
The challenge of risk management in Nigerian banks in the post consolidation era
June 2011
Many empirical literature showed several attempts at explaining and measuring risk-taking behaviour in banks to incentives created by safety-net programmes such as the fixed-rate deposit insurance system which though arguably, engenders cross-subsidization by creating avenues to take on risk inefficiently; the so-called moral hazard problem. The moral hazard view of risk taking in banks assumes that shareholders...
The effect of value added taxes on the Indian society
June 2011
Value added tax (VAT) is a type of indirect tax that is imposed on goods and services. Sometimes, when the government operates on a budget surplus or wants to increase its revenue in order to finance its budget deficit. A question that arises is whether value added tax has been a boon or misery for a developing country like India. Around 136 countries in Asia have recognized the importance of value added tax. In one of...
Comparative analysis of the impact of mergers and acquisitions on financial efficiency of banks in Nigeria
May 2011
Mergers and acquisitions in the Nigerian banking sector are reform strategies recently adopted to reposition the banking sector. These were done to achieve improved financial efficiency, forestall operational hardships and expansion bottlenecks. It is against this backdrop that the paper made a comparative analysis of the impact of mergers and acquisitions on financial efficiency of banks in Nigeria. This paper used...
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