Effect of tax incentives on the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Rwanda: A case study of SMEs in Nyarugenge district
May 2019
The study analyzes the effect of tax incentive on the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Rwanda taking SMEs in Nyarugenge as a case study. Qualitative and quantitative research approach was adopted. The population includes 49000 SMEs from agricultural, industrial, services and tourism sectors operating in Nyarugenge district. A sample of 136 SMEs was determined using Silovin and Yemen’s formula...
Taxpayers’ online information privacy concerns, antecedents, and behavior intention
April 2019
More and more individual taxpayers are using the online services of commercial tax software to prepare and file their tax returns electronically. However, online tax return does have risks, especially the risk of information privacy evasion. Little research has been conducted on the linkage between taxpayers’ online information privacy concerns (TOIPC) and taxpayers’ behavior intentions, and factors...
Determinants of profit shifting by multinational companies in developing countries: A case of Rwanda
April 2019
The objective of this study is to examine the determinants of profit shifting by multinational enterprises in Rwanda. The study specifically sought to determine the extent to which finance costs, intra group transactions / services costs and royalty expense influence profit shifting by multinational companies in Rwanda. Profit shifting was measured on the basis of total cost as well as taxable income reported by...
Firm specific determinants of financial distress: Empirical evidence from Nigeria
March 2019
This paper in an attempt in answering the basic research question on what actually determines financial distress of firms in the manufacturing sector in the country employed the fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) on annual time series data of eighteen listed manufacturing firms on the Nigeria stock exchange (NSE) which was obtained from their audited financial statement. The endogenous variable used in the...
Analysing the profitability and the relations among its determinants of the retail sector: Evidence from Greece
February 2019
This study aimed to investigate the existence of differences in retail firms’ strategy towards accomplishing profitability targets. By using data of Greek retail sector, we find that profitability, evaluated in terms of return on equity, as well as the average sales growth rate, does not differ statistically within the sub-sectors of the Retail Sector. However, significant differences not only among the...
Practical documentation of qualifying research activities for the SR&ED tax credit
January 2019
The Canadian tax program for Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) is a crucial component of Canadian economic policy as it encourages domestic companies to engage in risk-taking initiatives through tax incentives such as credits. While the SR&ED program has evolved over the decades, the SR&ED Five Questions have established the principal criteria that determine the eligibility of an...
Accounting information and dividend payout prediction in Nigerian listed manufacturing firms
January 2019
Investors’ curiosity on the worth of their investment could be resolved with the availability of sufficient information in predicting their returns and security. Several studies linked dividend payout to the performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria but a few considered information as a signal to performance not necessarily to dividend. This paper examined the usefulness of accounting information in predicting...
Operational efficiency and financial sustainability of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria
January 2019
This study investigates the impact of operational efficiency on the financial sustainability of listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The recent economic crisis in Nigeria has caused an alarming decline in financial sustainability indicators of manufacturing companies. Managers are forced to make efficient use of resources to maximize profitability so as to cope with and compete in the harsh economic condition....
Bankruptcy prediction and homogeneity of firm samples: The case of Greece
December 2018
This paper explores the prediction of bankruptcy of Greek retail and wholesale trade companies and, in particular, the relation between the forecasting ability of the Logit model and the degree of homogeneity of the samples of bankrupt and healthy companies. A sample of 119 bankrupt companies was matched with an equal sample of healthy companies for the period 2003-2014, based on year, sector, and sub-sector, which was...
Utilization of personal tax relief schemes: An empirical analysis in the context of tax evasion
November 2018
This study departs from focusing on the level of tax relief utilization by focusing on the factors contributing to the low trends and how utilization of personal tax relief can influence tax evasion from the premises of the Allingham-Sandmo (A-S) theory. This study considered respondents working within the formal sector of Ghana. Data was collected through the use of questionnaire after the stratified sampling technique...
Capital structure and corporate financial distress of manufacturing firms in Nigeria
September 2018
This paper investigated the effect of capital structure on corporate financial distress of manufacturing firms in Nigeria by employing panel corrected standard error (PCSE) technique. The variables used in the study are corporate financial distress, capital structure, firm size, assets tangibility, revenue growth, profitability and age of firms. The outcome of the research reveals that capital structure affects...
The effects of corporate governance codes in curbing fraudulent activities in private organisations in Nigeria
September 2018
The rise of accounting scandals has prompted the need to improve the relevance of financial reporting by setting up good corporate governance structures. The relationship between corporate governance and fraudulent activities has been strongly debated in the developed countries. It is recently that attention has turned to the study of corporate governance and financial reporting in developing countries. This paper...
Effect of audit quality on market price of firms listed on the Nigerian stock market
August 2018
This study examines the effect of audit quality on share prices of Nigerian oil and gas firms using the regression and covariance analyses. Findings from the regression anlysis suggests that the composition of the audit committee and auditor type has significant effect on the market prices of quoted firms. There is a positive and significant relationship between audit committee composition and share prices. The...
Investment in accounting information system and sales growth: An investigation of Nigeria small and medium enterprise
August 2018
Previous studies indicated that most organizations do not invest in AIS because they do not know the importance of AIS to their organizational growth, while some that invested do not know it impacts on their organizational growth. This study examined investment in accounting information system and its effect on sales growth of Nigeria Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The specific objectives of the study are to;...
Modeling an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) assessment system for municipalities in Greece with public accounting of austerity
July 2018
The new form of local government organization should be competent and effective in order to provide 21st century services equivalent to the citizens of every country. Its new developmental role can be fulfilled by implementing management techniques that will be conducive to local development. The use of accounting ratios from financial statements is necessary to municipalities as well as to every accounting body to...
Determinants of tax evasion in the developing economies: A structural equation model approach of the case of Ghana
June 2018
The objective of this paper is to examine the factors that determine whether a tax payer would evade tax. It also seeks to explore the mediating role of tax education in the relationship between traditional, institutional, socio-cultural factors and tax evasion. A cross-sectional survey was used for the study. Using structural equation modelling with bootstrapping analysis, data from a sample of 1,052 tax payers, drawn...
Accounting and philosophy: The construction of social reality framework
March 2018
Accounting scandals and their severe consequences shed light on the ambiguity of accounting. This paper attempts to explore the philosophical roots of accounting in an attempt to remove, or at least mitigate, this ambiguity. The study employs Searle’s framework of the construction of social reality as an approach to achieve this aim. It is argued that the main problem of accounting is its failure to faithfully...
Firm specific determinants of corporate effective tax rate of listed firms in Nigeria
February 2018
This study examines the Corporate Effective Tax Rates (ETRs) of non-financial firms listed in Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study also measures the neutrality of taxation within the Nigerian economic sectors and establishes the relationships between ETRs and firm specific characteristics of size, leverage, profitability, capital intensity, inventory intensity, labour intensity and auditor type. Data were extracted from...
Tax costs and tax compliance behaviour in Kenya
January 2018
This study examines the influence of measures of tax compliance costs on tax compliance behaviour among medium and large corporate taxpayers in Kenya. It uses a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique to establish the key cost drivers built using survey data, while controlling for key attributes of the tax system as well as firm characteristics. The results indicate that tax compliance in Kenya significantly...
The impact of intellectual capital on the financial performance of listed Nigerian food products companies
December 2017
This study examines the impact of intellectual capital (IC) on financial performance of listed Nigerian food products companies for five year period 2010 to 2014 by adopting Pulic model of IC known as value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC). Regression models are used to test the hypotheses of the study where the results show that there was positive significant influence of IC on financial performance. Specifically,...
Assessing employment effects of mergers using accounting measures: Some evidence from Greece in the period of economic crisis
November 2017
This study analyzed the interdependencies between employment and accounting measures, in order to evaluate the merger effects during the period of the economic crisis in Greece. More specifically, the study analyses five accounting measures in comparison to the total number of employees, as financial ratios, from a sample of all Greek listed firms in the Athens Exchange that executed one merger in the period from 2009...
The role of taxpayer awareness, tax regulation and understanding in taxpayer compliance
November 2017
The purpose of this study is to provide an insight into the government’s need for sustainable socialization on the importance of paying taxes. This study also aims to analyze the taxpayer's awareness, whether it can mediate the knowledge and understanding of tax regulations on taxpayer compliance or not. The approach in this study is quantitative, with taxpayers as the respondents. The results show that...
Environmental accounting: A tool for conserving biodiversity in tropical forests
October 2017
Loss of biodiversity threatens the world's ecosystem and tropical forests provide the last hope of sustainability. Environmental accounting focuses on sustainable production and development generates data and employs methodologies for valuing natural resources. Thus, by providing these accounting realities conservation is not only encouraged but becomes a critical necessity. This study aimed to evaluate the...
Mergers, taxation and accounting performance: Some evidence from Greece
October 2017
The study examines the merger effects on the accounting performance of Greek firms, in parallel with their taxation impact, during the period of economic crisis in Greece. The study analyses twelve accounting measures from financial statements and financial ratios of a sample of Greek listed firms in the Athens Exchange that carried out one merger in the period from 2010 to 2015 as acquirers. The results revealed that...
Corporate social responsibility performance and tax aggressiveness
September 2017
This study investigated the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance on tax aggressiveness of listed firms in Nigeria. A cross-sectional research design was utilized for the study, and data were collected from the published annual reports. Using a sample of 50 companies for the period of 2007 to 2013, the findings of the study reveal that there is a negative relationship between CSR performance and...
Accounting for the environmental costs of hydropower station on local communities: A case study of Jebba Lake of Niger River Watershed, Jebba, Kwara State, Nigeria
August 2017
Hydropower has been the main source of energy in Nigeria, until recently when thermal and fossil-fuel driven turbines and other alternatives are becoming commonplace. The concern for power generation tends to becloud environmental and natural resource degradation that accompanies execution of hydropower projects or plants. One of the principal resources concerned is the watershed of hosting rivers. These impacts reflect...
Agricultural insurance in Ecuador: Evidence of asymmetric information
June 2017
The agricultural insurance implemented in Ecuador since 2010 is a state subsidized insurance system, which allows small and medium-sized farmers to contract protection policies against losses of their productions, caused mainly by climatic and biological events, or physical damages. Based on the positive correlation test between the insurance coverage and the probability of the accident, the investigation shows the...
Corporate Financial Reporting Legal and Regulatory Frameworks in Ethiopia
May 2017
This paper analyzes the corporate financial reporting legal and regulatory environment in Ethiopia. The aim of the paper is reviewing and examining the legal and regulatory requirements for corporate financial reporting, and analyzing the extent of the implementation of policy recommendations made by ROSC Ethiopia team in 2007. Qualitative research was employed through analysis of legal and non-legal documents...
Corporate tax compliance during macroeconomic fluctuations
April 2017
The study empirically examines the relationship between macroeconomic conditions and corporate tax compliance in the Greek setting where extreme aggregate fluctuations have taken place. Using a sample of 246,867 firm-year observations from 2004 to 2014, the study found strong evidence that there is negative association between economic conditions, as measured by the rate of gross domestic product, and corporate tax...
Taxes, tax payers and collectors-pre and post Menelik: Harari experience
March 2017
Historically, Harar as a trade center linked the high land of Ethiopia with the rest of the world. While merchants were taking out from and bringing in products and services to Harar they were taxed by various institutions. The Amirs of Harar, the Oromo and the Somali chiefs were tax collectors. The Egyptians, occupying Harar for ten years, introduced new taxes. Menelik pledged the Harar customs revenue authority as a...
Taxation revenue and economic growth in Africa
February 2017
As most developing countries strive to achieve economic growth and development through taxation, they face numerous economic challenges. The debate on the effectiveness of taxes as a tool for promoting growth and development remains inconclusive, as several studies have indicated mixed impacts of tax on economic growth. Against this background, the study investigated the impact of taxation on economic growth in Africa...
An assessment of tax morale among Mauritian taxpayers
January 2017
Taxation has gained considerable attention in the past few year and lot of studies have been done on tax evasion and tax compliance. This study assesses the level of tax and identifies factors that shape tax morale in Mauritius. A self-developed questionnaire was distributed to 250 randomly respondents and a logistic regression analysis was used to analyse data collected. A high degree of tax morale is required to...
Tax evasion: Empirical evidence from sub-Saharan Africa
December 2016
Tax is the income which is paid to the government in order to fulfill the need of the public. However tax evasion is the act of not paying the tax by use of illegal ways. Allingham and Sandmo being the first researchers studying the tax evasion found a relationship of tax evasion with low penalty fees and a low detection. The tax evasion basically is affected by various factors but it also affects many economic factors....
Structure theories: Panel data evidence from the United Kingdom
December 2016
The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the capital structure of UK quoted companies during 2000-2012, based on the main theories of capital structure. We try to find out which of these theories (trade-off theory, agency cost theory, pecking-order theory) are best suited for empirical explanation of the capital structure of the UK firms. Therefore, the case for consideration in this study is to...
Evaluating the impact of value added tax on the economic growth of Nigeria
November 2016
The Nigerian tax reform in the early 1990s was a fallout of market reform in the mid- 1980s, while the structural adjustment program (SAP) piloted a transition to market driven economy where emphasis is laid on market forces with minimal government intervention, hence, the introduction of Value Added Tax (VAT) in 1994. This study empirically examined the impact of VAT on the level of economic activities in Nigeria from...
Bulk asset purchase transactions involving New York sales tax vendors: Be careful there and everywhere
November 2016
This paper explores the potentially harsh impact of the bulk sales provisions of New York State’s Tax Law on the purchaser of assets (either personal, intangible or real) from a sales tax vendor other than in the ordinary course of business. The author also points out that New York is not alone in its treatment of these types of transactions. Key words: Bulk sales, sales tax, sales tax vendor, personal...
Analytical procedures decision aids for generating explanations: Current state of theoretical development and implications of their use
October 2016
The use of decision aids could potentially improve auditor’s decision making by assuring that the correct hypothesis is available for the auditor to consider when employing analytical procedures. Previous research has shown that auditors have limited ability to generate error explanations on their own. The purpose of this study is to synthesize the literature for the development of decision aids for...
R&D activity and operating performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): The case of a small open economy
September 2016
The study investigates the impact of R&D activity on operational performance of small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Prior studies have indicated that R&D activity improves market performance of large listed companies in advanced economies. We extend the research objective on the operational performance of SMEs in the small open Greek economy in which SMEs are normally not listed companies operating in a...
Analysis of value added tax effect on firms’ cash flow in various sectors of the emerging economies
August 2016
Inadequate cash flow constitutes the major reason for most corporate failures. However, absence of empirical evidence on value added tax (VAT) effect on corporate cash flow in different industries means that cash flow implications are often ignored by VAT policy makers. This study examines the relationship between VAT and firms’ cash flow in various sectors of the economy within the context of an emerging economy....
Do firms manage earnings and avoid tax for corporate social responsibility?
May 2016
This study examines the relationship between corporate tax avoidance (CTA), earnings management (EM) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) within a context of an emerging economy. The study employs system methods of moments (GMM) and logistic regression to establish whether firms in Ghana manage earnings and avoid tax to finance corporate social responsibility. The results show that almost all the firms sampled have...
Do corporate governance best practices restrain tax evasion? Evidence from Greece
January 2016
The aim of the present paper is to examine the association between corporate governance practices and the extent of tax evasion for the Greek listed companies when they operated in an accounting environment characterized by a high level of book-tax conformity. The results suggest that tax evasion is lower when the chairman of the board is also the owner of the company. A strong negative association is also reported...
Assessment of the non- financial measures of performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria
September 2015
This work aimed at assessing the non- financial measures of performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The population of the study comprised the entire 21 banks listed on the Nigerian stock exchange as at December, 2013. The study employed expos - factor research design; data were collected from a sample of nine (9) deposits money banks. Content analysis method was employed, with the use of scoring and grading...
Effect of instructional design on learning the accounting equation in an introductory accounting course
September 2015
The study examines the effect of two instructional design formats on performance scores in introductory accounting when learning the accounting equation. The conventional split-source instructional design and the integrated instructional design were used in an experiment administered to two groups of students. Sixty-four students enrolled in introductory accounting participated in the study. Results of performance...
Factors associated with Internal Audit Effectiveness: Evidence from Greece
July 2015
The current study investigates the specific factors associated with internal audit effectiveness in the Greek business environment. Empirical evidence was collected by means of a mailed survey. Factor Analysis and regression analysis are used in order to illustrate the gathered information. The findings indicate that the main factors affecting internal audit effectiveness are: (1) quality of internal audit, (2)...
Tax audit effectiveness in Greek firms: Tax auditors’ perceptions
July 2015
Changes in tax auditing procedures, tax administration and generally in tax policy have attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between tax audit effectiveness, tax legislation and the use of specialized information system tools. We use the ability of public tax auditors to track tax infringements as a measure of tax audit effectiveness. Over two...
Influence of individual ethical orientation on tax compliance: Evidence among Ghanaian Taxpayers
June 2015
Even though Africa has constantly emphasized the need to reduce deficit financing through mobilization of more internal revenues, this has not been achieved. Perhaps encouraging voluntary tax compliance can improve internal revenue mobilization. This study explores the relationship between ethical orientation and tax compliance and finds that ethical persons are generally more tax compliant than unethical persons but...
Effect of distortionary and non-distortionary taxes on economic growth: Evidence from Sub-Saharan African countries
June 2015
Studies on economic growth have provided insights into why states grow at different rates over time. Most recently, endogenous growth economics asserts that government expenditure and taxation will have both temporary and permanent effects on economic growth. The debate on the effectiveness of taxes as a tool for promoting growth and development remains inconclusive. Against this background, this study sought to...
An empirical analysis of taxpayers’ fairness preferences from Canada’s Taxpayer Bill of rights
May 2015
Many countries have adopted a taxpayer charter or equivalent, which governs the relationship between taxpayers and tax authorities. However, little is known about the extent to which these charters are constructed in accordance with widely accepted fairness dimensions, as well as the relative importance of taxpayer charter rights within each fairness dimension. This research investigates the Canadian taxpayer charter...
Employees’ compensation: Do taxes play any role? Evidence from the compensation-taxation literature
May 2015
Compensation incentive schemes are mainly driven by the need to align owner-manager interests in the real corporate world of separation of ownership and control. We find that the role of taxes and its implication for employees’ compensation is, at best, evidently inconclusive in the compensation-taxation literature. Using a literature review/synthesis of the existing research approach, we begin by identifying...
Ethics education in management accounting studies: Evidence from business schools in Ghana
May 2015
Management accounting in recent times, and perhaps rightly so, has begun to gain recognition as a profession separate and complimentary to financial accounting. Evidence exists to suggest that management accountants are exposed to a unique set of ethical challenges within industry and that a significant high number of management accountants have engaged in unethical practices in performing their jobs. For the accounting...
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