Stimulating farmer access to bank credit in Zimbabwe: The bankers’ perspective
July 2020
Access to finance by farmers is recognized as a tool for poverty eradication in developing countries, where the majority depends on agriculture for survival. This study sought to establish strategies for enhancing farmer access to bank credit as prescribed by the lenders themselves. A structured interview guide collected primary data from a sample of 12 registered commercial banks in Zimbabwe, which were analysed by...
Micro-determinants of informal employment in Côte d’Ivoire: The role of socio-demographic factors
July 2020
This paper proposes to identify the micro-determinants of informal employment in Côte d’Ivoire, focusing on socio-demographic factors. Using data from the National Survey on Employment and the Situation of the Informal Sector (ENSESI) and the Logit method, the empirical results indicate that unschooled and less qualified individuals are more likely to be in an informal situation; that the probability of...
Macroeconomic effects of improving road transport infrastructure in Ethiopia: A computable general equilibrium model analysis
July 2020
The main objective of this study is to investigate the economy-wide effect of improving road transport infrastructure. The study uses the updated and adjusted version of the 2005/2006 social accounting matrix of Ethiopia. The study applies a single country computable general equilibrium model. The simulation scenario is a reduction of trade and transport margin and an increase in the total factor productivity (TFP) of...
Moderating effects of social learning on the usage of formal financial services in Kampala, Uganda
July 2020
The use of formal financial services has been associated with increased financial wellbeing and overall economic growth. Efforts to increase financial inclusion have emphasized financial literacy provided through formal training and education without due recognition that people’s financial behaviors and practices may be motivated by social interactions. The current study examines the moderating effects of social...
Two qualified models of learning by doing
July 2020
Learning by doing (or learning curves) is a well-known law in economics and psychology, but no consensus has been achieved on the “qualified” models for more than a century. This article explores the expression of learning by doing in a way where the expression is not involved with changing the prime factors of a learning process. If one prime factor changes dramatically during the course of a learning...
Elasticity and buoyancy of tax system in Cote d’Ivoire
July 2020
This paper examines the productivity of revenue from the Ivorian tax system over the period 1984 to 2016. To do this, it estimates the buoyancy and elasticity of tax revenues over this period. It uses the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method to estimate the buoyancy and elasticity. The results show a buoyancy and elasticity less than one, reflecting the inelasticity of tax system. Furthermore, they reveal tax reforms...
Impact of foreign direct investment and inflation on economic growth of five randomly selected Countries in Africa
April 2020
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been viewed as a major source of finance for developing countries and it has gained significant momentum since the sweep of globalization in the early 1990. This is because most of the developing countries see FDI as important in their strategy for growth. In this study, the impact of FDI and inflation on economic growth was examined. Five countries in Africa were selected randomly...
Estimating the Marshall-Lerner condition of China
April 2020
The US labeled China a Currency Manipulator in August 2019 because of the massive trade balance surplus of China. The correlation between RMB’s exchange rate and China’s trade balance has been discussed worldwide. The Traditional Marshal-Lerner Condition states if the sum of the absolute value of export and import price elasticity of demand is more than 1, the trade balance will be adjusted through the...
Unconditional convergence of Chinese provinces (1952-2017): Some statistical analysis results
April 2020
This research tests the economic convergence hypothesis of 31 inland Chinese provinces over the period from 1952 to 2017. Regression and descriptive analysis methods are adopted to study the economic convergence among these Chinese provinces in terms of GDP growth and per-capita GDP growth. The research results show that GDP growth does not exhibit a tendency of convergence, rejecting the absolute convergence hypothesis...
The determinants of credit demand among farmers in Hurungwe District of Mashonal and West Province in Zimbabwe
April 2020
Bank credit availability in the agricultural sector empowers farmers to adopt modern technologies and inputs that are vital for breaking poverty in developing economies like Zimbabwe. This study sought to establish the determinants of credit demand among farmers in Hurungwe District of Mashonaland West Province in Zimbabwe. A questionnaire survey was conducted on a sample of 354 farmers selected by stratified random...
Causal links between foreign direct investment and import demand in ECOWAS Countries: A view through meta-analysis
February 2020
This study examines the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and import demand for 11 member countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) during the period 1970-2017. We employ a causality test based on Meta-analysis which considers the issues of cross-sectional dependency and slope heterogeneity among countries. The empirical findings indicate that the causal nexus between FDI and...
Market opening and economic growth in Nigeria
January 2020
Market opening positively impacts economic growth due to reduction in the cost of capital and international risk diversification, amongst others in Nigeria. Using a robust set of econometric approach involving unit root test, co-integration, vector error correction model and granger causality, there is evidence that current value of economic growth responds to disequilibrium from past values of real gross domestic...
The role of internal auditors to implement IFRS9: Case of Lebanese banks
January 2020
The implementation of IFRS9 as with any structural change to accounting policies requires a strategic development and implementation, and a concerted effort from many departments. This paper investigated the role of internal auditors at Lebanese banks in the implementation of accounting standards. The local banking system is surveyed in a targeted manner to test for significant shortcomings in the ideal strategic...
Temperature-based options for Vietnam: An option pricing and policy insight
January 2020
The purpose of this paper is to test a temperature-based pricing model of Alaton (2002) in main rice-growing cities of Vietnam. The results of the test are then used for loss hedging analysis and policy implications for Vietnamese farmers, investors and related parties. Data are collected from General Statistics Office (GSO) of Vietnam, 2017 and Vietnam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration, with a reference to...
The impact of money laundering in beautiful places: The case of Trinidad and Tobago
January 2020
This paper investigates the relationship between money laundering and economic growth in Trinidad and Tobago. It utilizes annual secondary time series data for the period 1990 to 2017. The proxy of fraud offences and narcotics is used to estimate the volume of money laundering. Cointegration analysis and Error Correction Modelling is employed to test the long-run and short-run relationship between money laundering and...
Comparative migration studies of Burmese, Cambodian and Laotian migrants in Thailand: Multivariate approach
December 2019
The paper outlines main economics factors determining migrant workers to Thailand, and the comparative studies between migrants, that are Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos. This research is quantitative in nature using logistic regression analysis. The results indicate demand on migration of Burmese migrants’ relevance to four factors, two related to personal factors (employment and past income) and two related to...
Trend analysis and economic effect of RTA deaths on dependency ratio in Ghana
December 2019
Road traffic accident (RTA) injuries and mortalities are some side effects of using automobile vehicles and Ghana is not deprived of them. This study enlightens some effects of road traffic accident mortalities on the Ghanaian economy and investigates its yearly trend, age range distribution and also reveals its influence on economic activities. 832 secondary data obtained on individuals who died through RTA from the...
Budgeting and budgetary control in the Ghana health service
July 2019
The budget has been and continues to be a tool for effectuating fiscal policy goals of governments worldwide. The case of developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ghana is no exception. The arguments in support of systematised budgeting and budgetary control regimes in the public sector of economies, both developed and developing are overwhelmingly persuasive. The aforementioned arguments have been...
Capital inflows, manufacturing exports and economic growth in Nigeria: A threshold regression analysis
June 2019
The study examined the optimal level of capital inflows for manufacturing exports and economic growth in Nigeria. Annual data from 1981-2017 on foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign portfolio investment (FPI), cross border borrowing CBB (components of capital inflows), financial sector development (FSD), real gross domestic product (RGDP) and manufacturing exports (MEX) were sourced from various issues of the Central...
Sectoral Aid for Trade and sectoral export performance in East Africa
May 2019
The study set out to evaluate the relationship between sectoral Aid for Trade (AfTS) and sectoral exports within East Africa – represented by the East African Community partner states including Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. The Estimation method used was the Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equation (SURE) model. The SURE estimation results show a positive significant relationship between AfTS and...
Government education expenditure and primary school enrolment in Nigeria: An impact analysis
April 2019
This study investigated the impact of government education expenditure on primary school enrolment in Nigeria by applying the bounds testing (ARDL) approach to cointegration for the period of 1970 to 2017. The model was constructed to identify the relationship between the two variables while also considering the interaction with control variables; per capita income, remittances, investment and population growth. The...
The optimal forecast model for Ghana’s inflation: A stochastic approach
February 2019
Inflation tends to be a relatively persistent process, which means that current and past values should be helpful in forecasting future inflation. Applying this intuition, we construct a basic stochastic model which exploits information embedded in past values of Ghana’s inflation data. Therefore the aim of this study is not to identify the drivers of Ghana’s inflation, but to identify and forecast with the...
Gender difference in poverty: An empirical analysis in Bench Maji, Kaffa and Sheka zones, south west Ethiopia
January 2019
This paper investigated whether female headed households are poorer than male headed households in south west Ethiopia. The study employed 395 sample household questionnaires based on consumption expenditure data. The poverty measurement indices show that female headed households are more exposed for poverty than male-headed households. This result is also supported by the logistic regression output which indicates that...
Impact of credit risk on corporate financial performance: Evidence from listed banks on the Ghana stock exchange
January 2019
A bank’s financial performance and survival can be threatened when there is an increased exposure to credit risk. On this basis, this study seeks to identify the factors that determine the level of bank credit risk and further estimates the effects of bank credit risk on corporate financial performance using financial data from banks on the Ghana Stock Exchange over a 15-year period from 2003 to 2017. Using the...
The effect of real effective exchange rate on balance of payments in Ethiopia: A co-integrated VAR approach
December 2018
This study investigated the relationship between real effective exchange rate and balance of payment in Ethiopia using annual data spanning the period of 1976 to 2015. The analysis was based on a cointegrated vector autoregressive approach. The methodology of the study begins with Augmented Dickey-Fuller stationarity tests of the data and the Johansen cointegration rank test that revealed current account, real gross...
Determinants of tax revenue in East African countries: An application of multivariate panel data cointegration analysis
November 2018
Domestic revenue mobilization has received growing attention in recent years as it has crucial national and international dimensions for sub-Saharan African (SSA) and East African countries. In most countries, tax has not increased with increasing development expenditures. In place, the share of tax revenue to gross domestic product (GDP) is declining and countries constantly rely on foreign capital inflow...
Assessment of the relationship between leverage and performance: An empirical study of unlisted banks in Ghana
October 2018
This study contrasts empirical studies which had focused on listed bank at the detriment of unlisted banks. In other to enhance public confidence in the banking sector and ensure financial inclusion, this study examined the relationship between leverage and performance of unlisted banks in Ghana. This study examined the relationship between leverage, other moderating variables and bank performance by collecting data...
Consumption patterns among individual households in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
September 2018
The need for economic theory to address the problem of unsustainable consumption patterns in a developing economy, Nigeria cannot be overemphasized. The literature suggests that present consumption patterns which use up economic resources beyond the capacity of the environment to replenish may make development unsustainable. This study analyzed consumption behavior vis-à-vis the factors that weakly or strongly...
The Importance of financial reporting to capital market development in Ghana
August 2018
The finance literature suggest that investment decisions are largely influenced by the quality of corporate financial information released by firms in their financial statements, and that capital market participants use corporate financial information released by firms for investment decisions. Factors that influence the development of capital markets in developing markets include: appropriate legal and regulatory...
Drivers of economic growth in Ethiopia: Does foreign aid and policy complementarity matter?
August 2018
The main research question here is to address drivers of economic growth in Ethiopia using the time series data from 1970 to 2016 where the complementarity of aid and policy index is critically assessed. The empirical result from cointegration test confirms the existence of long run relationship among the variables entered in the per capita growth equation. In the long run, foreign aid inflow entered alone has a...
Sovereign treasury solvency and financial performance management in Nigeria
July 2018
The paper assessed sovereign treasury solvency and financial performance management in Nigeria from 1999 through 2016. The aim of this study is to determine the degree of solvency in Nigeria’s sovereign treasury. Ex-post ‘facto’ empirical analysis is the research method employed. Financial analysis was employed with financial performance indicators; descriptive statistics, econometric evaluation...
Does behavior of clients matter in adoption of internet banking? Evidence from Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
June 2018
This study identifies underlying behavioral drivers and impediments of adopting internet banking. Primary data was collected using questionnaire survey from 123 sample clients of three selected branches of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia. Behavioral aspects of clients attributable to the adoption of internet banking were solicited and subjected to binary logistic regression analysis. The findings of the study showed that...
The effect of real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate convergence on exchange rate volatility in search for the East African monetary union
June 2018
So far, the formation of a monetary union in the East African Community (EAC) has remained elusive. The EAC partner states therefore established set targets for macroeconomic convergence, with an aim to eliminate exchange rate variability within the bloc. Where countries are able to eliminate or reduce exchange rate adjustments to maintain external balance, the costs of a monetary union reduces, thus the more suitable...
Institutions’ effect on households’ savings in Kenya: A ranked ordered multinomial/conditional probit model approach
May 2018
Savings is a vital source of investment funds especially for developing economies. However, like in many developing countries, domestic savings in Kenya remain low. Hence, posing a significant development challenge. Household savings contribute a sizeable share of domestic and national savings in both industrial and developing countries. Households should not however, be considered as fully autonomous actors without the...
China’s trade intensity with South Asian countries
April 2018
The study seek to explore the extent and nature of trade and its growth over the period 2005 to 2013 between China and its five South Asian neighbours (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal). We measure the extent of trade by the trade intensity index and then check whether whole of this is explained by complementarity in the conventional sense. The study reveals that China’s trade intensity increased...
Determinants and its extent of rural poverty in Ethiopia: Evidence from Doyogena District, Southern part of Ethiopia
March 2018
This study identifies the extent and determinants of rural poverty in southern Ethiopia, Doyogena district. The study used 150 households, using a household consumption expenditure approach by employing the FGT (Foster-Greer and Thorbecke, 1984) poverty index to determine the extent of rural poverty. The study’s result shows that the total head count index, poverty gag, and poverty severity indexes are 0.438,...
The Ivorian Debt: Should we worry?
February 2018
The objective of this paper is to shed light on Cote d’Ivoire’s indebtedness and see to what extent, the country’s current level of debt is worrisome. This research is parametric using a time series data spanning from 1970 to 2015 to investigate the debt and growth nexus. After investigating the time series characteristics of the data, it was found that the variables were I(1) and co-integrated....
Borrowers’ characteristics, credit terms and loan repayment performance among clients of microfinance institutions (MFIs): Evidence from rural Uganda
January 2018
The purpose of this study is to investigate the contribution of borrowers’ characteristics and credit terms on loan repayment performance of MFIs in rural areas of Uganda. This study is cross sectional and correlational. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 51 MFIs in Uganda. Results indicate that there is a significant relationship between credit terms and loan repayment performance among clients...
Birr devaluation and its effect on trade balance of Ethiopia: An empirical analysis
December 2017
This study examined the effect of Birr devaluation on trade balance of Ethiopia for the period 1970-2014 using the Vector Error Correction Model. The key results of the present study revealed that Birr devaluation deteriorates the trade balance of Ethiopia in the short run and improves it in the long run. Moreover, the result from the long and short run models showed that real effective exchange rate, money supply,...
Demand-driven determinants and self-reported barriers to financial inclusion in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU)
December 2017
“Access to finance for all” has gained attention in the international development agenda in recent years. In the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), the issue of financial inclusion is set at the level of priority but in several dimensions of financial inclusion, countries of the union lag behind the Sub-Saharan Africa and Asian benchmark countries. In this paper, factors that are important for...
A research on the gravity model of China’s oil trade in the strategic context of “One Belt One Road”
November 2017
With the increasing energy demand along with China’s economic development, the external dependence on China’s oil supply keeps rising. In the foreseeable future, China’s oil trade will still center on importing. Under the background of China’s “One Belt One Road” strategy, the essay establishes a trade gravity model for oil importing trade in China. Through multiple linear regression...
Public debt and financial stability: The case of economic community and monetary union of central Africa (EMCCA)
October 2017
This article analyzes the relationships between public debt and financial stability. Unlike traditional approaches based on linear panels (dynamic or static), we estimate a nonlinear regime change panel (PSTR) characterizing the relationships between public debt and financial stability for the member countries of the Economic Community, and Monetary Union of Central Africa (EMCCA). The results show that the public debt...
Determinants of efficiency in the Ghanaian banking industry
September 2017
The twin forces of technological advancement and deregulation have led to financial integration and increased competition in the Ghanaian banking industry. This situation requires an extensive study into efficiency and its determinants in the Ghanaian banking sector, if Ghanaian banks are to survive and compete effectively in the global financial system. This study tries to determine the main determinants of efficiency...
Gender-wise determinant of informal sector employment in Jigjiga town: A cross sectional study
July 2017
This study indicates that in Jigjiga, the informal sector clearly plays a buffer role. From sampled respondent, the researcher analyzed the participants in the informal sector and tries to compare their earnings based on the activities they transact and the amount of income they earn. The study revealed that the average monthly earning of both gender was far better than some formal sector activities. Thus, the legal...
International financial centres, global finance and financial development in the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC)
July 2017
The study evaluates the effects of global/international finance on financial development, as well as analyse the options for enhancing the flow of global finance, in the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) region. The study is motivated by the seemingly disconnection between global finance and international financial centres and financial development in the SADC region. The study uses a cross-country dynamic...
Bank efficiency and default risk: The case of Ghana
June 2017
There seem to be inconclusive results regarding the interactions between bank efficiency, default risk and bank capital. This study tries to assess the dynamic interactions between efficiency estimates, default risk and bank capital in the Ghanaian banking industry, using bank specific panel data for 20 Ghanaian banks from 2007 to 2015. We employ panel vector autoregressive models (VAR) models which are estimated using...
The impact of capital flight from beautiful places: The case of the small open economy of Trinidad and Tobago
June 2017
This paper examines the relationship among capital flight, domestic investment and economic growth in the small resource based economy of Trinidad and Tobago. The study utilized capital flight estimates from previous work. A Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) combing short run and long run analysis is presented. The results confirm the a priori expectation that the financial haemorrhage of capital flight is a...
The effects of remittances outflows on economic growth in Saudi Arabia: Empirical evidence
May 2017
Within the last decade, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) achieved a high economic rate of growth of about 5.5% per year. Consequently, the number of immigrants grew rapidly reaching 9 million, which resulted in an increase in worker remittances out of the Kingdom. Since then, the KSA has become one of the first countries of the world in terms of remittances outflows and coming third worldwide after the USA and Russia...
Budgeting for development: Lessons from 2013 capital budget implementation in Nigeria
April 2017
Adopting the descriptive approach, this study examined the performance of 2013 capital budget in Nigeria in line with attainment of the transformation agenda in the country. The findings suggest that the level of capital budget implementation is insufficient to foster the desired development. This poor performance is attributable to inadequacy in the budget implementation plans, non-release or late release of budgeted...
Exports and economic growth in Togo
March 2017
The pursuit of high and sustained economic growth is one of the major concerns of States, especially those in the process of developing their economic development. Thus, in the pursuit of economic growth, several studies have often been conducted on a number of macroeconomic policies for the determination of sources of growth. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of exports on the growth of the Togolese...
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