Full Length Research Paper
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to monitor the effects of anthropic action on outcrops waters quality located in the Ubá city - Brazil. For this study, ten outcrops waters had their physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics monitored throughout the year 2013, for five times. The results showed that there was a great environmental degradation and only 30% of outcrops waters monitored presented adequate fresh consumption of the standard portability point of view, making it necessary interventions to ensure its quality.
Key words: Potability, pollution, water analysis.
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
The study area comprised of an urban route of watershed of the Ubá or Miragaia creek, pertaining watershed of the Paraíba do Sul river, which has 33 km long and drains an area of 254 km², which represents 62.3% of the area Ubá city - Brazil (UBA, 2011).
The predominant soils in the region are loamy, presenting 55% of wavy relief and 40% hilly with elevations ranging from 300 m (southern county region) and 900 m (north-east region of the city) and an average rainfall in the region is 1,272 mm yr-1 (UBA, 2011). To evaluate the effects of anthropic action on the groundwater quality, ten outcrops waters had the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics monitored throughout the year 2013, for five times.
Figure 1 presented the geographic location of monitoring points, corresponding to outcrops waters located in districts Fazendinha, Cibraci, Primavera, Eldorado, Bom Pastor, Paulino Fernandes, Caxangá, São Judas Tadeu and Sobradinho e Altair Rocha. The determinations of temperature and pH values were carried in situ, while for the other characteristics, water samples were taken in pre-sterilized flask, packed in a plastic box with ice, being conducted, immediately, to the Laboratory of Water Analysis of the Minas Gerais University – Uba Unit. In these samples, the following analyzes were carried: turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), chloride, hardness, nitrate, total coliform (TC) and fecal (CF), according to the methods described in APHA (1998).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Determination of the concentration of total coliforms assumes significance as an indicator parameter of the possibility of pathogenic microorganisms responsible for the transmission of waterborne diseases. The presence of fecal coliforms indicates the possibility of other enteric pathogens and fecal contamination, serving as an indicator of sanitary quality of water (Moura et al., 2009; Silva, 2000). According to Decree 2914/2011 of the Ministry of Health of Brazil, in terms of microbiological, the potability of water can be determined by the absence of counting total and fecal coliforms in 100 ml of sample.
Observing Table 2, it is verified that the outcrops waters located in Bom Pastor, Eldorado, Altair Rocha, Sao Judas Tadeu, Fazendinha, Caxangá and Paulino Fernandes, that is, 70% of water supplies, did not present good conditions for natural consumption, necessary disinfection process is needed in order to make them suitable for consumption, due to the high degree of contamination. Similar results were obtained by Lima and Freitas (2007), when studying the water quality of wells and outcrops waters in the urban perimeter of Uberaba city, consumed by a segment of the population. These authors found that 40% of the wells and 75% of outcrops waters had inadequate water for human consumption, being in disagreement with current standards required by Ordinance 2915/2011. Regarding Ubá creek, Carvalho et al. (2004) found that surface waters close to urban perimeter were contaminated by total and fecal coliforms.
Considering the monitored parameters, it was observed that only 30% of the outcrop monitored had been presented suitable for consumption "in nature" as required by standards of potability, indicating significant environmental degradation and high risk of contamination by the water-transmitted diseases. The quality of water supplies monitored are directly associated with the characteristics of their location, such as reduced health infrastructure, soil erosion, proximity to places of effluent discharge and inadequate state of preservation of outcrop water. Although the city has the privilege of having high water supplies, both groundwater as surface water, these supplies are suffering from pollution by domestic and industrial effluents, making it necessary to ensure quality and quantity of water for present and future generations.
CONCLUSION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
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