African Journal of
Biotechnology

  • Abbreviation: Afr. J. Biotechnol.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 1684-5315
  • DOI: 10.5897/AJB
  • Start Year: 2002
  • Published Articles: 12487

Full Length Research Paper

The micropropagation of chrysanthemums via axillary shoot proliferation and highly efficient plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis

Snježana Kereša
  • Snježana KereÅ¡a
  • Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, SvetoÅ¡imunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Anita Mihovilović
  • Anita Mihovilović
  • Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, SvetoÅ¡imunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Marijana Barić
  • Marijana Barić
  • Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, SvetoÅ¡imunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Vesna Židovec
  • Vesna Židovec
  • Department of Ornamental Plants, Landscape Architecture and Garden Art, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, SvetoÅ¡imunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Mario Skelin
  • Mario Skelin
  • Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biometrics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, SvetoÅ¡imunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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  •  Accepted: 27 January 2012
  •  Published: 15 March 2012

Abstract

 

Protocols for axillary shoot proliferation and somatic embryogenesis were developed for Dendranthema × grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitamura cv. Palisade White. Shoot tips were cultured on a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented withbenzyl aminopurine (BA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) or BA, kinetin (Kin) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The auxins indole -3-butyric acid (IBA) and IAA were used to induce rooting. Direct somatic embryogenesis was induced from leaf, internode’s stem and for the first time for chrysanthemums from petiole explants. Modified MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.1 mg/L BA, 200 mg/L casein hydrosylate (CH)and 290 mg/L proline was used for induction. Proliferation rate of 3.2 new microshoots per one inoculated was achieved when BA (0.1 mg/L) was used in combination with GA3 (0.5 mg/L). The number of roots per shoot was higher using IBA (0.5 mg/L), but IAA (2 mg/L) promoted longer roots. A high percentage of embryogenesis was induced by both combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs). Leaf explants were most responsive, demonstrating the highest percentage of embryogenesis (97.9%), followed by petiole and internode’s stem explants (56.3 and 35.1%, respectively). The number of somatic embryos per embryogenic explant was also the highest on leaf explants; however, the best conversion rate (53.8%) of somatic embryos to plantlets was observed from petiole explants. For this reason, petiole explants are the most suitable type of explants for plant regeneration of chrysanthemum cv. Palisade White through somatic embryogenesis.

 

Key words: Chrysanthemum, Dendranthema × grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitamura cv. Palisade White, micropropagation, direct somatic embryogenesis, explant type.

Abbreviation

MS, Murashige and Skoog; BA, 6-benzylaminopurine; GA3,gibberellic acid; Kin, kinetin; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid; IBA, indole-3-butyric acid; NAA,a-naphthalene acetic acid; 2,4-D, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; CH, casein hydrolysate; PGR, plant growth regulator; SE, somatic embryo.

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This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

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