Abstract

The inbreeding coefficient measures the likelihood of identical alleles at a locus in a population due to descent from a common ancestor, highlighting potential negative impacts on health and fitness in both natural and domesticated populations. This study focuses on homozygous segments continuous genomic regions of homozygosity resulting from the inheritance of identical haplotypes from both parents and their role in assessing genomic inbreeding and understanding genetic history and relationships within populations. Such analysis can reveal recessive disease risks. Specifically, the research assessed homozygous segments and the genomic inbreeding coefficient in Creole cattle breeds Guaymi and Guabala in Panama using 10,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers. Findings showed significant differences in homozygosity between breeds, with Guabala exhibiting higher inbreeding levels, suggesting varied breeding histories or intense selection. The study also detected homozygosity patterns indicating genetic links or shared ancestors between breeds, underscoring the impact of environmental factors and human intervention on genetic diversity. Geographic isolation and artificial selection were key influences on the genetic structures of Guaymi and Guabala breeds, respectively. This underscores the balance between maintaining genetic diversity for adaptability and selecting for desirable traits, emphasizing the importance of managing genetic health and biodiversity for sustainable population viability.

Key words: Bioinformatics, biotechnology, genomics, creole, livestock, conservancy, Guaymi, Guabala, Panama.