African Journal of
Biotechnology

  • Abbreviation: Afr. J. Biotechnol.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 1684-5315
  • DOI: 10.5897/AJB
  • Start Year: 2002
  • Published Articles: 12486

Full Length Research Paper

Proximate composition, microbiological safety and heavy metal contaminations of garri sold in Benue, North-Central Nigeria

Innocent Okonkwo Ogbonna
  • Innocent Okonkwo Ogbonna
  • Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria.
  • Google Scholar
Blessing Ifeoma Agbowu
  • Blessing Ifeoma Agbowu
  • Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria.
  • Google Scholar
Felix Agbo
  • Felix Agbo
  • Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria.
  • Google Scholar


  •  Received: 17 December 2016
  •  Accepted: 28 February 2017
  •  Published: 03 May 2017

References

Adebola MO, Dadi-Mamud, NJ, Nusa Halima MK (2014). The effects of packaging materials of shelf-life stability of garri bought from markets in Lapai Niger State Nigeria. J. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2:12-15.

 

Aguoru CU, Onda MA, Omoni VT, Ogbonna IO (2014). Characterization of moulds associated with processed garri stroed for 40 days at ambient temperature in Makurdi, Nigeria. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 13:673-677.
Crossref

 
 

Alexopoulus CJ, Mims CW, Blackwell M (1996). Introductory Mycology, (4th Edition). New York. John Wiley. pp. 1-50.

 
 

Ani JY. (2006). Assessment of conparative toxicities of lead and copper using plant assay. Chemosphere 62:1359-1365.
Crossref

 
 

AOAC (1975). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official methods of analysis, 12th edition. Washington DC, USA.

 
 

AOAC (1990). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official methods of analysis, 15th edition. Washington DC, USA.

 
 

Asegbeloyin JN, Onyimonyi AE (2007). The effect of different processing methods on the residual cyanide of 'gari'. Pak. J. Nutr. 62:163-166.

 
 

Cheesbrough M (2004). District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries. Part 2. Cambridge University Press, Great Britain. pp. 62-70.

 
 

Codex Alimentarius Commission (2011). Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, Codex Committee on Contaminants in Foods. Fifth Session, the Hague, the Netherlands, 21 – 25 March 2011.

 
 

Codex STAN 151 (1989). (Rev. 1 -1995). Codex standard for gari. pp. 1-6.

 
 

Dibofori-Orji AN, Edori OS (2015). Analysis of some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Zn) in processed cassava flour (garri) sold along the road side of a busy highway. Arch. Appl. Sci. Res. 7:15-19.

 
 

Edem DO, Ayatse JOI, Itam EH (2001). Effect of soy protein supplementation on the nutritive value of garri farina from Manihot esculenta. Food Chem. 75:57-62.
Crossref

 
 

Ekundayo CA (1984). Microbial spoilage of packaged garri in storage. Microbiol. Lett. 23:271-278.

 
 

Jekayinfa SO, Olajide JO (2007). Analysis of energy usage in the production of three cassava-based foods in Nigeria. J. Food Eng. 82:217-226.
Crossref

 
 

Kanim OR, Fasasi OS, Oyeyinka SA (2009). Gari yield and composition of cassava roots stored using traditional methods. Pak. J. Nutr. 8:1830-1833.
Crossref

 
 

Khan S, Farooq R, Shahbaz S (2009). Health risk assessment of heavy metals for population via consumption of vegetables. World Appl. Sci. J. 6:1602-1606.

 
 

Kostinek M, Specht I, Edward VA, Schillinger U, Hertel C, Holzapfel WH, Franz CM (2005). Diversity and technological properties of predominant lactic acid bacteria from fermented cassava used for the preparation of gari, a traditional African food. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 28:527-540.
Crossref

 
 

Macfaddin JF (1977). Biochemical tests for Identification of Medical Bacteria. Williams and Wilkins, New York.

 
 

Markus J, McBratney AB (2001). A review of the contamination of soil with lead ii, spatial distribution and risk assessment of soil lead. Environ. Int. 27:399-411.
Crossref

 
 

Manyi MM, Idu OF, Ogbonna IO (2015). Microbiological and parasitic quality of suya (roasted beef) sold in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 8:3235-3242.

 
 

Millard G, Rockliff S (2005). Microbiological quality of ready-to-eat foods. Act Health Protection Service. July 2004 – June 2005.

 
 

Nadal M, Schuhanachar M, Domingo JL (2004). Metal pollution of Soils and Vegetation in Area with Petrochemical industry. Sci. Total Environ. 321:59-69.
Crossref

 
 

Ochieng EZ, Lalah JO, Wandiga SO (2007). Analysis of Heavy Metals in Water and Surface Sediments in five rift Valley Lakers in Kenya reassessment of recent increase in Anthropogenic Activities. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 79:570-576.
Crossref

 
 

Ogiehor IS, Ikenebomeh MJ (2004). Quality characteristics of market garri destined for consumption in ten selected Nigerian states: Baseline for industrialization. Adv. Nat. Appl. Sci. Res. 2:17-25.

 
 

Ogiehor IS, Ikenebomeh MJ (2005). Extension of shelf life of garri by hygienic handling and sodium benzonate treatment. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 4:744-748.
Crossref

 
 

Ogugbue CJ, Mbakwem-Aniebo C, Akubuenyi F (2011). Assessment of microbial ari contamination of post processed garri on sale in markets. Afr. J. Food Sci. 5:503-512.

 
 

Ogugbue CJ, Obi G (2011). Bioburden of garri stored at different packaging materials under tropical market conditions. Middle East J. Sci. Res. 7:741-745.

 
 

Oh SK, Lee N, Cho YS, Shin DB, Choi SY, Koo M (2007). Occurrence of toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in ready-to-eat food in Korea. J Food Prot. 70:1153-1158.
Crossref

 
 

Samuel T, Ugwuanyi JO (2014). Moisture sorption behaviour and mould ecology of trade garri sold in southern eastern Nigeria. Int. J. Food Sci. Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID 218959, 10 pages.

 
 

Wu S, Duan N, Gu H, Hao L, Ye H, Gong W, Wang Z (2016). A Review of the Methods for Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxins. Toxins 8(7):176.
Crossref

 
 

Zakir HM, Sultana N, Akter M (2014). Heavy metal contamination in roadside soils and grasses, a case study from Dhaka city, Bangladesh. J. Chem. Biol. Phys. Sci. 4:1661-1673.