Abstract

Food insecurity presents a formidable challenge in Nigeria, exacerbated by the interplay of climate change and conflicts. This study delves into the multifaceted nature of food insecurity in Nigeria and offers strategies for both mitigation and adaptation. Employing secondary data analysis and literature review, we shed light on the profound impacts of climate-induced food insecurity on public health. Our analysis exposes a distressing trend: Nigeria's global food security standing has deteriorated significantly, with the nation ranked 30th out of 143 countries for its high prevalence of severe food insecurity, affecting about 22% of its population. Climate change-induced events such as extensive droughts and flash floods have exacerbated this situation, particularly in regions experiencing increased aridity in the north and persistent flooding along coastal areas. Furthermore, conflicts and terrorism further exacerbate the challenges, disrupting food access and heightening vulnerability among affected populations. Moreover, our study uncovers compelling correlations between severe food insecurity and displacement due to conflict or violence, as well as CO₂ emissions, with R² values of 68.31 and 37.1%, respectively between 2015 and 2020. In 2021, the total population of food insecure individuals reached 90%, doubling from approximately 45% in 2015. In response to these challenges, promising initiatives like the National Multisectoral Plan of Action for Food and Nutrition (NMPFAN) exist, though their implementation faces obstacles. Recommendations include advocating for sustainable agricultural practices, increasing investments in research and technology, and prioritizing equitable adaptation measures. Collaboration and innovative solutions are vital to mitigate food insecurity and build resilience in Nigeria.

Key words: Climate change, conflicts, drought, food security, floods, Nigeria.