African Journal of
Food Science

  • Abbreviation: Afr. J. Food Sci.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 1996-0794
  • DOI: 10.5897/AJFS
  • Start Year: 2007
  • Published Articles: 978

Full Length Research Paper

Quality control of raw milk in the smallholder collection and bulking enterprises in Nakuru and Nyandarua Counties, Kenya

Teresiah W. Ndungu*
  • Teresiah W. Ndungu*
  • Department of Dairy and Food Science, Egerton University, P. O. Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya.
  • Google Scholar
Patrick S. Muliro
  • Patrick S. Muliro
  • Department of Dairy and Food Science, Egerton University, P. O. Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya.
  • Google Scholar
Mary Omwamba
  • Mary Omwamba
  • Department of Dairy and Food Science, Egerton University, P. O. Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya.
  • Google Scholar
Gerard Oosterwijk
  • Gerard Oosterwijk
  • Happy Cow Limited, P. O. Box 558-20100, Nakuru, Kenya.
  • Google Scholar
Anton Jansen
  • Anton Jansen
  • SNV/KMDP Netherlands Development Organisation, P. O. Box 30776, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • Google Scholar


  •  Received: 29 December 2015
  •  Accepted: 26 April 2016
  •  Published: 31 May 2016

References

Aboge GO, Kang'ethe EK, Arimi SM, Omore AO, McDermott JJ, Kanja LW, Macharia JK, Nduhiu JG, Githua A (2000). Antimicrobial agents detected in marketed milk in Kenya. 3rd All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture. 6-9 November 2000, Alexandria, Egypt. Nairobi (Kenya): Smallholder Dairy Project (SDP).

 

AOAC (2005). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. (15th ed.). Method Nr 990.12., 991.14.3M. USA.

 

Baltenweck I, Staal S J, Owango M, Muriuki H, Lukuyu B, Gichugu G, Kenyanjui M, Njubi D, Tanner J, Thorpe W (1998). Intensification of dairying in the greater Nairobi milk-shed: Spatial and household analysis. Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), Kenya Agricultural Research

 

Cherono PK (2005). School milk program for Kenya. Kenya Dairy Board (KDB). Paper presented at the 1st African School Milk Conference, 28th September 2005. Kampala, Uganda. 21.

 

Chesterman S, Neely C (Eds) (2015). Evidence and policy implications of climate-smart agriculture in Kenya. CCAFS Working Paper no. 90. CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Copenhagen, Denmark. 

View

 

Delgado C, Rosegrant M, Steinfield H, Ehui S, Courbois C (1999). Livestock to 2020: the next food revolution. Food, Agriculture, and the Environment discussion Paper 28. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI). 83.

 

Delvotest Technical Bulletin (2011). DSM food specialties B.V., Netherlands. Cited on 20th February 2016. 

View

 

Doyle MM, Garcia S, Bahati E, Karamuzi D, Cullor JS, Nandi S (2015). Microbiological analysis of raw milk in Rwanda. Afr. J. Food Sci. Technol. 6(5): 141-143.

 

Draaiyer J, Brian D, Antony B, Jerome M (2009). Milk testing and payment systems. A practical guide to assist milk producer groups. (FAO) Food and Agricultural Organization. Rome, Italy.

 

Farhan M, Salik S (2007). Evaluation of bacteriological contamination in raw (unprocessed) milk sold in different regions of Lahore, Pakistan. J. Agric. Soc. Sci. 3(3): 104-106.

 

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and International Dairy Federation (IDF) (2004). Dairy Development Newsletter. October 2004 – Issue No. 8.

 

Gallagher J (2015). Antibiotic resistance: world on cusp of "post-antibiotic era". 

View

 

Gemechu T, Beyene F, Eshetu M (2015). Physical and chemical quality of raw cow's milk produced and marketed in Shashemene Town, Southern Ethiopia. ISABB J. Food Agric. Sci. 5(2):7-13.

 

Government of Kenya (2006). Sessional Paper on Dairy Industry Development.

 

Hillerton JE, Halley BI, Neaves P, Rose MD (1999). Detection of antimicrobial substances in individual cow and quarter milk samples using Delvo-test microbial inhibitor tests. J. Dairy Sci. 82(4):704-711.
Crossref

 

Kaindi DWM, Schelling E, Wangoh J, Imungi JK, Farah Z, Meile L (2011). Microbiological quality of raw camel milk across the Kenyan market chain. Food 5. Global Science Books. (Special Issue 1). Pp.79-83

 

KEBS (Kenya bureau of standards) (2007). Kenya standards East African Standards (KS EAS).Raw cow milk specification, 1st edition, Arusha. Tanzania.

 

Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) (2010) Kenya 2009 Population and housing census results. Ministry of Planning, National Development and Vision 2030. Nairobi, Kenya. United States Agency for International Development (USAID), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA). Nairobi, Kenya. 8.

 

Kurwijila LR (2006). Hygienic milk handling, processing and marketing. Reference guide for training and certification of small-scale milk traders in East Africa. Vol. 1

 

Mellenberger R, Roth CJ (2000). California Mastitis Test (CMT). Fact Sheet, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Michigan State Univ. and Dept. of Dairy Sci., University of Wisconsin-Madison.

 

Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development (MoL&FD) (2003). Livestock Production Annual Report 2002. Nairobi, Kenya.

 

Muia JMK, Kariuki JN, Mbugua PN, Gachuiri CK, Lukibisi LB, Ayako WO, Ngunjiri WV (2011). Smallholder dairy production in high altitude Nyandarua milk-shed in Kenya: Status, challenges and opportunities. Livest. Res. Rural Dev. 23(5):108.

 

Muliro SP, Shalo LP, Kutima MP (2013). Quality assessment of raw camel milk using dye reduction tests. Afr. J. Food Sci. Technol. 4(5):116-121.

 

Muriuki HG (2001). Smallholder dairy production and marketing in Kenya. In: Smallholder dairy production and marketing-Opportunities and constraints. Proceedings of a South-South workshop held at NDDB, Anand, India. pp. 13-16.

 

Muriuki HG (2011). Dairy development in Kenya. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nation, Rome, Italy.

 

Muriuki HG, Omore A, Hooton N, Waithaka M, Ouma R, Staal SJ, Odhiambo P (2003). The policy environment in the Kenya dairy sub-sector: A review. Smallholder Dairy (Research and Development) Project, Nairobi, Kenya.

 

Muriuki HG (2003).Assessment of the level, type and value of post-harvest milk losses in Kenya. Results of a rapid appraisal for a national sub-sector assessment for FAO.

 

Murphy SC, Boor KJ (2000). Sources and causes of high bacteria counts in raw milk: An abbreviated review. Dairy Food Environ. Sanit. 20(8):1-4.

 

Mwangi A, Arimi SM, Mbugua S, Kang'ethe EK, Omore AO, McDermott JJ (2000). Assurance of marketed milk quality in Kenya. Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Biennial Scientific Conference, 30-31 August 2000, University of Nairobi, Kenya.

 

Omore A, Lore T, Staal S, Kutwa J, Ouma R, Arimi SE, Kang'ethe EK (2005). Addressing the public health and quality concerns towards marketed milk in Kenya. Small Holder Dairy Project Research and Development Report No. 3.

 

Orregård M (2013). Quality analysis of raw milk along the value chain of the informal milk market in Kiambu County, Kenya. 4:1101-8151

 

Peeler EJ, Omore A (1997). Manual of livestock production systems in Kenya. 2nd Edition. Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI). Nairobi, Kenya. 138 p.

 

Popelka PR, Nagy J, Popelka P, Marcincak S, Rozanska H, Sokol J (2004). Comparison of sensitivity of various screening assays and liquid chromatography technique for penicillin residue detection in milk. Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy 48(3):273-276.

 

Quinn J, Carter E, Markey B, Carter R (1994). California mastitis test (CMT). In: Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. 1st ed. London: Wolfe publishing. Pp.333-334.

 

Reta AM, Addis AH (2015). Microbiological quality assessment of raw and pasteurized milk. Int. J. Food Sci. Microbiol. 2(6):87-91.

 

Romney DL (2004). Understanding the role of dairy in smallholder systems and the effect of intensification. Proceeding of the 9Th Kenya Agricultural Research Institute (KARI) Biennial Scientific Conference, 8th-12 Th November, 2004, Nairobi, Kenya.

 

Ruegg PL, Reinemann DJ (2002). Milk quality and mastitis tests. Bovine Pract. 36(1):41-55.

 

SAS Institute Inc. (1999). SAS/STAT Users' Guide, Version 8 Release 6.03. Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS), Carry, NC. 549-640.

 

Schreiber C (2000). Sources of innovation in dairy production in Kenya. International Services for National Agricultural Research (ISNAR) briefing paper No. 58. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MoARD), Kenya Agricultural 53 Research Institute (KARI) and International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)/ISNAR. The Hague, the Netherlands.

 

Shitandi A (2004). Risk factors and control strategies for antibiotic residues in milk at farm level in Kenya. Doctoral dissertation. Department of Food Science. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Sweden. 91(3):576-6477.

 

Shitandi A, Sternesjo A (2004). Factors contributing to the occurrence of antimicrobial drug residues in Kenyan milk. J. Food Prot. 67:399-402.

 

Staal SJ, Owango M, Muriuki H, Lukuyu B, Njoroge L, Njubi D, Baltenweck I, Musembi F, Bwana O, Muriuki K, Gichugu G, Omore A,

 

Van Kessel SJ, Karns SJ, Gorski L (2004). Prevalence of Salmonellae, Listeria monocytogenes, and fecal coliforms in bulk tank milk on US dairies. J. Dairy Sci. 87:2822-2830.
Crossref