The objective of this article is to narrate and discus evolution of an Islamic movement was established in 1880 by a religious leader calls Mohamed Ahmed who claimed spiritual inspiration. The Theocrat government came to an end in 1898 by cooperation of the Anglo-Egyptian troops. The article evaluates the basic elements motivated the religious men in their movement till they managed to defeat the powerful condominium government of the Turko-Egyptian which occupied Sudan in 1821, and became technically supported by the European Nations. The discussion includes internal weaknesses in the movement which led into its collapse within a period of 18 years. Initially the collapse resulted perish of the majority of the movement leaders being kill by foreign invaders of the Anglo-Egyptian condominium, which later on replaced and ruled the country for 58 years. The article also analysis impact of the El-Mahdiyya movement positively or negatively upon the modern Sudanese governments during the last 65 years after independent in January1956.

Keywords: Anglo-Egyptian, El-Khalifa, El-Madi, Government, Khartoum, Religion, Sudan and War.