African Journal of
History and Culture

  • Abbreviation: Afr. J. Hist. Cult.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 2141-6672
  • DOI: 10.5897/AJHC
  • Start Year: 2009
  • Published Articles: 197

Full Length Research Paper

A historical glimpse of Hiriyoo: Rethinking the indigenous defense system and military mobilization of the Kingdom of Kafa prior to 1897, Southwest Ethiopia

Zegeye Woldemariam Ambo
  • Zegeye Woldemariam Ambo
  • Department of History and Cultural Study, College of Social Science and Languages, Mekelle University, Ethiopia.
  • Google Scholar


  •  Received: 06 November 2020
  •  Accepted: 09 December 2020
  •  Published: 31 January 2021

References

Admasu A, Zelalem T (2015). "Defensive Walls under Threat: Examining the Status of the Great Medieval Defensive Walls of Dawuro People in Southern Ethiopia". Journal for Studies in Management and Planning P 1.

 

d' Abbadie A (1890). Geography of Ethiopia: what I heard, following up on what I saw.

 
 

Athill LF (1920). Through south-western Abyssinia to the Nile." The Geographical Journal 56(5):347-367.
Crossref

 
 

Bahru Z (1998). A Short history of Ethiopia and the Horn. Addis Ababa University. Department of history.

 
 

Bahru Z (2002). A Historyof Modern Ethiopia, 1855-1991.Second Edition. Addis Ababa University.

 
 

Bedelu A (2000). The analysis and synthesis of tourism attraction of Kafa. Department of Tourism management. BA theses. University of Gonder.

 
 

Beke CT (1843). "On the countries south of Abyssinia." The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London 13:254-269.
Crossref

 
 

Bekele W (2010). The History of the kingdom of Kafa: The birth place of Coffee, 1390 1935, ARCCIKCL, Hawassa.

 
 

Bieber FJ (1908). Das Hochland von Süldäthiopien: West Galla (Oromo) und Kaffa (The highlands of Southern Ethiopia: The land of West Oromo and Kafa). Vienna.

 
 

Bieber FJ (1920). KAFFA: An Ancient Cushitic Tribe in Inner Africa. Records of land and people, tradition and customs of the Kaffitsho or Gonga and of the Empire of Kafa, Vol. I Münster.

 
 

Bieber FJ (1923). KAFFA: An Ancient Cushitic Tribe in Inner Africa. Records of land and people, tradition and customs of the Kaffitsho or Gonga and of the Empire of Kafa, Vol. II Münster.

 
 

Bieber O (1948). Geheimnisvolles Kaffa Im Reich der Kaiser-Götter Secret Kaffa In the Home of the Emperor-Gods. View

 
 

Brantz D (2009). Environments of death: Trench warfare on the Western Front, 1914-1918." War and the environment: Military destruction in the modern age. Texas A and M University press College Station. pp. 68-91.

 
 

Bulatovich A (1900). With the army of Menelik ІІ; Translated by Richard Seltzer. Moscow.

 
 

Cecchi A (1885). Da Zeila alle frontiere del Caffa.

 
 

Cerulli E (1933). Etiopia Occidentale (dall Scioa alla Frontiera del Sudan). 11. Rome.

 
 

Creswell J (2014). Research Design: Qualtitative, Quantitative and Mixed Approaches. University of Nebraska-Lincoln.

 
 

Gezahegn P (2001). The Manjo Way of Life: Transformation and Continuity": In Living on the Edge: Marginalized Minorities of Craft workers and Hunters in Southern Ethiopia. Freemal and Pankhurst. (Eds). Addis Ababa University. Kafa Zone Bahel Turizemna mengest communication gudayoch.

 
 

Grühl M (1932). The Citadel of Ethiopia: The Empire of Devine Emperor. London.

 
 

Hassen M (1983). "The Oromo of Ethiopia, 1500-1850: With Special Emphasis on the Gibe Region", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies.

 
 

Huntingford GWB (1955). The Galla of Ethiopia.-The kingdoms of Kafa and Janjero. (Ethnographic Survey of Africa. North Eastern Africa. 7(9-156). London. International African Institute. Kafa Zone Bahel Turizemna mengest communication gudayoch.

 
 

Kafa Zone Finance and Economic Development Office (KZFED) (2017). "Socio-Economic Profile of Kafa Zone". Bonga.

 
 

Keeley HL (2001). War before Civilization- 15 years on. Department of Anthropology. University of Illinois at Chichago, IL, USA.

 
 

Lange WJ (1982). History of the southern Gonga (southwestern Ethiopia)." Studien zur Kulturkunde Wiesbaden.

 
 

Memeriya (1992). Bunno Mestihiet, Addis Ababa.

 
 

Memeriya (2003). Bunoo Magazine Qetse 1 quter 10 Special Edition. Addis Ababa. Kafa Zone Finance and Economic Development Office (2009). "Socio-Economic Profile of Kafa Zone". Bonga of Wisconsin Press. USA.

 
 

Negasso G (2001). History of the Sayyoo Oromo of southwestern Wallaga, Ethiopia from about 1730 to 1886, Mega printing Enterprise, Ethiopia.

 
 

Orent A (1969). "The Lineage structure and Supernatural. The Kaffa of Southwest Ethiopia". PhD. Dissertation. Boston University.

 
 

Orent A (1970). "Refocusing on the History of Kafa prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes." African Historical Studies pp. 263-293.
Crossref

 
 

Osadolor OB (2001). The military system of Benin Kingdom, c. 1440-1897." PhD, Dissertation, Hamburg.

 
 

Osarhieme OB (2001)."The military system of Benin Kingdom, c. 1440-1897." PhD, Dissertation, Hamburg.

 
 

Otoide LE (2001). "Re-Thinking the Subject of Africa's International Relations." Voice of History 16(2)43-56.
Crossref

 
 

Wolbert S (2003). "Anfillo Ethno history". In Siegbert Uhlig(ed): Encyclopedia Aethiopica. Vol. 1, Wiesbaden Harrassowitz.

 
 

Solomon K (2015). An Archaeological Inventory in Kafa Zone: in the case of Gimbo, Tello, Decha and Bonga", MA Thesis, Addis Ababa University.

 
 

Tedla SB, Reddy BS (2018). "The Kingdom of Wolaita (Ethiopia): Military Organization andhttps://www.kafa-biosphere.com/assets/content-documents/Otto-BieberSecrets-of-Kaffa-kingdom.pdf War, To 1894". Alore international Journal of Applied science and Hunmanities.

 
 

Tensay H (2019). Wolaytta's Quest for Statehood: A Historical Overview and Analysis of Contemporary Quests for Regional Statehood in Ethiopia's Federation. Social Sciences.

 
 

Tsehafe Tizaz G (1978). Tarike Zemen ze Dagimawei Menelik Niguse Negeset Ze Ethiopia. Artistic pringing Press. Addis Ababa.

 
 

Vansina J (1985). Oral Tradition as Source of History. University of Wisconsin Press.

 
 

Wodebushoo N (1986). Ye kafecho Hizibe Tarikawi Meniche 1857-1919. Hawasa.

 
 

Zegeye W (2017). "Change and Continuities in the Indigenous Rituals of Qoollee deejjoo and its role in Environmental Protection: The case of Kafa Zone Gimbo woreda". African Journal of History and Culture 9:15-26.
Crossref