Full Length Research Paper
References
|
Bauza V, Reese H, Routray P, Clasen T (2019). Child defection and Feces disposal practices and determinants among households after a combined household-level piped water and sanitation intervention in rural Odisha, India. The American journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 100(4):1013-1021. |
|
|
Bhutta ZA, Walker N, Rizvi A, Campbell H, Rudan I, Black RE (2013). Interventions to address deaths from childhood diarrhea and pneumonia equitably: what works and at what cost? Lancet 381(9875):1417-1429. BMC Infectious Diseases 12(1):219 |
|
|
Brown J, Cairncross, Ensink JHJ (2013). Water, sanitation, hygiene and enteric infections in children. Archives of Disease in Childhood 98(8):629-634. |
|
|
Cairncross S, Hunt C, Boisson S, Bostoen K, Curtis V, Fung ICH, Schmidt WP (2010). Water sanitation and hygiene for the prevention of diarrhea. International Journal of Epidemiology 39 (Suppl 1):193-205 |
|
|
Caulfield LE, Onis M, Blössner M, Black RE (2004). Undernutrition as an underlying cause of child deaths associated with diarrhea, pneumonia, malaria, and measles. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 80(1):193-198. |
|
|
Chisti MJ, Duke T, Robertson CF, Ahmed T, Faruque AS, Bardhan PK, La Vincente S, Salam MA (2011). Co morbidity: Exploring the clinical overlap between diarrhea and pneumonia in a hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Annals of Tropical Paediatrics 31(4):311-319. |
|
|
Chisti MJ, Huq S, Das SK, Malek MA, Ahmed T, Faruque AS, Salam MA (2008). Predictors of severe illness in children under age five with concomitant infection with diarrhea and pneumonia at a large hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 39(4):719. |
|
|
Clasen TF, Bostoen K, Schmidt WP, Boisson S, Fung IC, Jenkins MW, Scott B, Sugden S, Cairncross S (2010). Interventions to improve disposal of human excreta for preventing diarrhea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (6):CD007180. |
|
|
Cronin AA, Sebayang SK, Torlesse and Nandy R (2016). Association of Safe Disposal of Child Feces and Reported Diarrhea in Indonesia: Need for Stronger Focus on a Neglected Risk. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13(3):310 |
|
|
Fenn B, Morris SS, Black RE (2005).Comorbidity in childhood in northern Ghana: Magnitude, associated factors, and impact on mortality. International Journal of Epidemiology 34(2):368-375. |
|
|
Fischer-Walker CL, Black RE (2009). Commentary: What is the role of co-morbidity in child mortality? International Journal of Epidemiology 38(3):772-774. |
|
|
Fischer-Walker CL, Perin J, Liu JL, Katz J, Tielsch JMM, Black R (2013). Does comorbidity increase the risk of mortality among children under 3 years of age? BMJ Open 3(8). |
|
|
Fonseca W, Kirkwood BR, Victora CG, Fuchs SR, Flores JA, Misago C (1996). Risk factors for childhood pneumonia among the urban poor in Fortaleza, Brazil: A case-control study. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 74 (2):199-208 |
|
|
IVAC at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (2018). Pneumonia and Diarrhea Progress Report. |
|
|
Jinadu MK, Esmai OA, Adegbenro CA (2004). Disposal of children's faeces and implications for the control of childhood diarrhea. The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health 124(6):276-279. |
|
|
Kahabuka C, Kavle G, Hinderaker SG (2012). Factors associated with severe disease from malaria, diarrhea and pneumonia among children in rural Tanzania - A hospital-based cross-sectional study. |
|
|
Manun'Ebo MN, Haggerty P, Kalengaie M, Ashworth A, Kirkwood B (1994). Influence of demographic, socioeconomic and environmental variables on childhood diarrhea in rural Zaire. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 97(1):31-38. |
|
|
Messou E, Sangare SV, Josseran R, Guelain J (1995). Water supply, excrement disposal and diarrheal diseases in rural zones of Ivory Coast. Medecine Tropicale: Revue du Corps de Sante Colonial 55(3):225-230. |
|
|
Mulholland K (2005).Commentary: Comorbidity as a factor in child health and child survival in developing countries. International Journal of Epidemiology 34(2):375-377. |
|
|
Oyejide O, Oladepo D, Oke E (1994). Hygiene behaviour practises as discriminants for the occurrence of childhood diarrhea. African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences 23(3):207-213. |
|
|
Pokhrel D, and Viraraghavan T(2004). Diarrheal diseases in Nepal vis-à-vis water supply and sanitation status. Journal of Water and Health 2(2):71-81. |
|
|
R Core Team (2018). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL |
|
|
Rice AL, Sacco L, Hyder A, Black RE (2000).Malnutrition as an underlying cause of childhood deaths associated with infectious diseases in developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 78:1207-1221. |
|
|
Schmidt WP, Arnold BF, Boisson S, Genser B, Luby SP, Barreto ML, Clasen T, Cairncross S (2011). Epidemiological methods in diarrhea studies - An update. International Journal of Epidemiology 40(6):1678-1692. |
|
|
Schmidt WP, Cairncross, BML, Clasen T, Genser B (2009). Recent diarrheal illness and risk of lower respiratory infections in children under the age of 5 years. International Journal of Epidemiology 38(3):766-772. |
|
|
Siziya S, Muula AS, Rudatsikira E (2009). Diarrhea and acute respiratory infections prevalence and risk factors among under-five children in Iraq in 2000. Italian Journal of Pediatrics 35(1):8. |
|
|
Traoré E, Cousens S, Curtis V, Mertens T, Tall F, Traoré A, Kanji B, Diallo I, Rochereau A, Chiron JP (1994).Child defecation behaviour, stool disposal practices, and childhood diarrhea in Burkina Faso: Results from a case control study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 48(3):270-275 |
|
|
Tumwine JK, Thompson J, Katua Katua M, Mujwajuzi M, Johnstone N, Porras I (2002). Diarrhea and effects of different water sources, sanitation and hygiene behaviour in East Africa. Tropical Medicine and International Health 7(9):750-756 |
|
|
WHO and Maternal and Child Epidemiology Estimation Group (2018a). Estimates of child cause of death, diarrhea. |
|
|
WHO and Maternal and Child Epidemiology Estimation Group (2018b). Estimates of child cause of death, acute respiratory infection. |
|
|
World Health Organisation (2014). Revised WHO classification and treatment of childhood pneumonia at health facilities - Evidence Summaries. Geneva: World Health Organisation. World Health Organisation website; |
|
|
Yeager BA, Huttly SRA, DIAZ J, Bartolini R, Rojas M, Lanata CF (1999). Defecation practices of young childrens in a Peruvian shanty town. Social Science and Medicine 49(4):531-541. |
|
Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
