February 2014
Effect of stress on intestinal microbiota of Arctic charr, Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout and Atlantic cod: A review
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract of fish reacts to stress, sometimes with severe cell damage to intestinal enterocytes and modulation of the gut bacterial community. The effect of dominance hierarchy formation, acute - and handling stress on the intestinal bacterial community have been reported in three salmonids; Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus...
February 2014
Determination of multiple antibiotic resistance patterns and indexing among metal tolerant β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli
The antibiotic resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from three different sampling sites of the Gomti River at Lucknow city was evaluated. Water samples were collected and then analyzed for the presence of E. coli, using standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the disc diffusion method. Of the 77 E. coli isolates tested, marked antibiotic resistances (over 70%) were observed for...
February 2014
Isolation and characterization of endophytic plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) associated to the sodicity tolerant polyembryonic mango (Mangifera indica L.) root stock and growth vigour in rice under saline sodic environment
In the recent times, there has been a reversed interest in the search of plant growth promoting endophytes (PGPE) for sustainable crop production. Mango is an economically important fruit crop, which is highly sensitive to saline environment. In the present study the importance of PGPR in growth promotion and their ability to elicit ‘induced systemic tolerance’ against abiotic (sodicity) stresses has been...
February 2014
Pesticides jiggling microbial transformation of phosphorus in soil
A laboratory based pot culture experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of pesticides [endosulfan, dithan-M-45 and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D)] at their recommended doses on the changes in microbial biomass carbon; potentiality and proliferation of phosphorus solubilizing organisms; acid and alkaline phosphatase activities; total and available phosphorus in soil. The results of the investigation...
February 2014
Combined activity of garlic and nitrofurantoin against Escherichia coli and Enterococcus species recovered from urinary tract infections
Nitrofurantoin represents an attractive choice for empirical treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis, and for long term prophylaxis against recurrent urinary tract infections. However, rather rare but severe adverse effects related to cumulative drug doses may occur. Bioactive compounds of plant origin combined with antibiotics can increase the sensitivity of microbial cells to such antibiotics. Garlic has...
February 2014
Evaluation of an alternative chromogenic method for the detection and enumeration of enterococci in waters
A new chromogenic method for the detection and enumeration of enterococci in water was evaluated using water samples from different sources, specifically, industrial, potable and recreational waters, and compared with the standard methodology for water quality ISO 7899-2. Several statistical parameters, such as relative accuracy, selectivity, efficiency, limit of detection, limit of quantification, inclusivity and...
February 2014
Effect of nodulating bacteria on the seed germination of Capsicum spp.
The genus Burkholderia includes different species with biotechnological characteristics of great interest such as the degradation of xenobiotics, biological control, nitrogen fixation in free-living and symbiotic and phytohormone production. The diversity and versatility of this group of species is largely unexplored, including the production of secondary metabolites, which may have important practical applications....
February 2014
Pichia spp. yeasts from Brazilian industrial wastewaters: Physiological characterization and potential for petroleum hydrocarbon utilization and biosurfactant production
Pichia strains isolated from industrial wastewaters were physiologically characterized and tested for their potential for hydrocarbon utilization and biosurfactant production using hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates. The emulsification index and growth curves were obtained to establish the relation between cell growth and this index. Pichia anomala CE009 grew in the range of 18 to 39°C and the optimum was...
February 2014
Distribution and pathotype identification of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri recovered from south-western region of Saudi Arabia
We investigated the distribution of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) pathotypes in south-western region of Saudi Arabia. A total of 76 Xanthomonas like strains were isolated from different citrus species showing bacterial canker symptoms from citrus commercial farms, backyard orchards and nurseries. These strains were subjected to biochemical, molecular and pathogenicity tests on leaves of grapefruit...
February 2014
Distribution of vancomycin resistant enterococci and their resistance patterns determined by surveillance
In order to identify the status of vancomycin resistant enterococi (VRE) carrier in our hospital, periodical rectal swab cultures were obtained from the patients hospitalized in the Pediatrics Unit, Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit and Reanimation Unit. VRE strains isolated were examined for type identification, antibiotic sensitivity, High Level Gentamicin Resistance (HLGR), High Level Streptomycin Resistance (HLSR),...
February 2014
Isolation and classification of fungi associated with spoilage of post-harvest mango (Mangifera indica L.) in Saudi Arabia
A survey was conducted between May and July to assess the extent of loss in mangoes at wholesale and consumer levels caused by fungal spoilage during post-harvest. Mango fruits were purchased from different markets in Saudi Arabia, and the degree of losses due to fungal spoilage was assessed at the different levels of marketing. Fungal spoilage was found to be the highest at the consumer level and least at the wholesale...
February 2014
Polyphasic identification of isolates of Chromobacterium sp. obtained from flooded soil
The bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum had its genome sequenced by the Genome Consortium in 2002, revealing a number of genes with potential for use in pharmacological and industrial biotechnology. However, only a few studies have been conducted to establish the molecular characterization of the different isolates of C. violaceum. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the isolates of Chromobacterium through their...
February 2014
Antimicrobial activities of Delonix elata (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. and Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv.
Methanol and aqueous extracts of Delonix elata (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. (Fabaceae) and Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. (Bignoniaceae) were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against nine bacterial species: Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris and Shigella flexneri and two fungal species:...
February 2014
Production and characterization of alkaline protease from bacteria strains isolated from cotton field
A number of bacterial strains producing protease enzymes were isolated from the soil of cotton field. Five strains producing high level of extracellular protease with alkaline conditions were selected. Maximum production of 4675 U/ml of protease in 48 h of growth was obtained from strain MW17, while maximum specific activity of 21515U/mg was obtained with strain MW09. pH optimum of 8-10 was observed with different...
February 2014
Efficiency of new plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on corn diseases control
The efficacy of two plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains including Bacillus subtilis TU-Orga1 and Pseudomonas fluorescens TU-Orga2 obtained from rice rhizosphere against naturally occurring diseases as well as their capacity to improve crop yield of sweet corn cv. Insee2 was studied. TU-Orga1 was significantly greater in inhibition of Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae (Aaa) and Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae...
February 2014
Isolation of antimicrobial producing lactobacilli from akamu (a Nigerian fermented cereal gruel)
Four samples of akamu were evaluated for the presence of antimicrobial producing lactobacilli. Thirty (30) lactobacilli were isolated from these samples. They inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, four of these isolated lactobacilli were chosen and when evaluated by agar well diffusion test, they inhibited the growth of the selected indicator organisms. The spectra of activity were...
February 2014
HIV screening among patients followed for cryptococcal meningitis in developing countries: Data from Bukavu in the Democratic Republic of Congo
We conducted a retrospective cohort study in the Departments of Internal medicine of 2 main Bukavu hospitals, in the South Kivu, DRC. The medical records of 7542 patients were reviewed. We observed 56 cases (11%) of cryptococcocal meningitis (CM) among 514 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects. No case of CM was seen in HIV negative and 70 % of them had a concurrent diagnosis of tuberculosis as other...
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