December 2013
Background information on the current status of South African HIV/AIDS hospices in the context of hygiene and quality of life: A review
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the resulting acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) continues to be a major epidemic that is ravaging the South African population at large. Hospices are non-governmental organisations that provide care to terminally ill patients, including those suffering from HIV/AIDS and cancer. This paper aims to describe the role of South African hospices in the context of the provision of...
December 2013
Diversity of cultivable microorganisms of Davidia involucrate in rhizosphere soil
The purpose of this study was to assay the cultivable microorganisms of Davidia involucrate in rhizosphere soil and to analyze their diversity using colony and individual morphology and genetic profiling methods. A total of 118 strains were obtained after colony characterization and a microscopic examination, including 52 bacteria strains, 27 actinomycetes strains and 39 fungi strains. Fifty-seven (57) of...
December 2013
Prevalence, risk factors and major bacterial causes of bovine mastitis in and around Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2011 to March 2012 on lactating dairy cows to determine the overall prevalence of bovine mastitis, identify associated risk factors and isolate the predominant bacterial agents involved in causing mastitis in and around Wolaita Sodo. A total of 349 lactating cows were examined for mastitis using clinical examination and California mastitis test (CMT). Bacteriological...
December 2013
Water molds Saprolegnia diclina (FLO) isolated from eggs of Carassius carassius L. in Białystok Rivers, Poland
Investigations of occurrence of Saprolegnia diclina from four limnocrenic springs of rivers within the Białystok where eggs of Carassius carassius were the bait were done. Identification of isolates was accomplished on the basis of their vegetative, asexual reproduction, generative organs and by studying the sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS1+5.8S+ITS2). S. diclina occurred in...
December 2013
The antibacterial activity and some trace elemental compositions of the extracts of Piliostigma thonningii, a widely used ethnomedicinal tree in Minna, Nigeria
The study on antibacterial activity of the extracts of the leaf, stem bark and roots of Piliostigma thonningii (Schum) Milne-Redh (Ceasapinaceae) (an underexploited plant in Nigeria) at 25 mg/cm3 each using agar diffusion method, was carried out. The samples were collected from Gidan Kwano Campus of Federal University of Technology, Minna (North Central Nigeria). The extracts of these parts exhibited appreciable...
December 2013
Colonization study of antagonistic Pseudomonas sp. in Vanilla planifolia using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a marker
Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) is a high value crop cultivated for the production of Vanillin, one of the most valuable flavoring commodities in the food and beverage industry worldwide. Vanilla cultivation is severely hampered by the prevalence of various fungal diseases. Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii were isolated from naturally infected vanilla plants and an attempt was made to...
December 2013
Occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistance phenotype and class 1 integron in bacteria isolated from diabetic foot ulcers
Resistance profile to antibiotics and the occurrence of class-1 integron in 23 bacteria isolated from diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) were analyzed. Among 23 isolates, 16 elicited resistance to at least two antibiotics and seven were sensitive. Majority of the isolates were resistant to spectinomycin and streptomycin (68.75%) followed by trimethoprim (62.50%) and ampicillin (50%). Among the antibiotics resistant isolates,...
December 2013
Physiological and mutagenic effects of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria on the last larval instar of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)
The present study investigated the physiological and genetical effects of non-pathogenic bacteria (G-) Escherichia coli and entomopathogenic bacteria (G+) Bacillus thuringeinsis on the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). We used bioassay and molecular markers linked to 5th instar larvae to inject bacterial and analyze the response of B. mori. Also, the effect of both bacteria on the total and...
December 2013
Purification and characterization of extracellular acidophilic α-amylase from Bacillus cereus MTCC 10205 isolated from soil
Amylase from Bacillus cereus MTCC 10205 was purified 20.41 with 11.82% recovery by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography through Sephadex G-100 and ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose. The final enzyme preparation was pure to near homogeneity as judged by native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The enzyme had a molecular weight of 55 kDa as determined by...
December 2013
Evaluation of Pseudomonas fluorescens for the biocontrol of fusarium wilt in tomato and flax
Fusarium oxysporum is an abundant plant pathogen in the soil and is found in the rhizosphere of many plant species. The fungus has numerous formae speciales (f.sp.) that infect and cause wilt diseases of a variety of host plants. F. oxysporum f.sp lycopersici (Fol) and F. oxysporum f.sp lini (Foln) are known to infect tomato and flax, respectively. Fluorescent pseudomonads can suppress various soilborne diseases, and...
December 2013
Genetic diversity of iturin producing strains of Bacillus species antagonistic to Ralstonia solanacerarum causing bacterial wilt disease in tomato
Bacillus spp. is a potential bacterial antagonist to manage bacterial wilt disease of tomato incited by Ralstonia solanacearum, which is one of the most threatening diseases of tomato in India. Genetic diversity of Bacillus strains and their potentiality to control bacterial wilt of tomato isolated from rhizospheric soil and endophytic tomato plants from different agro-climatic regions of India were studied....
December 2013
Comparative efficacy of Internalin C-based peptide and listeriolysin O-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for serodiagnosis of listeric infection in goats
This is the first study ever carried out to develop and evaluate internalin C (InlC)-based serological assay for diagnosis of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) infection in goats using synthetic peptide as an antigen. Nine peptides representing major antigenic domains of InlC, a novel protein linked to the virulence of LM, were identified, analyzed, synthesized and employed in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay...
December 2013
Bacteriological evaluation and antimicrobial sensitivity test of common herbal concoctions in Ogbomoso metropolis
Herbal concoctions are extracts from plants such as its bark, leaves, stems, roots, seeds and flowers. Plant ingredients were obtained from Oja-igbo market in Ogbomoso, Oyo State and were prepared in the form of concoctions (soup or drink made usually from ingredients after boiling) or infusions (soaking the plant material and allowing it to stand for varying lengths of time) and assessed for their microbial load and...
December 2013
Effect of ultraviolet-B radiation on arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of two rangeland weeds
Our experiment aimed at assessing the influence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on the growth and colonization of roots of two invasive rangeland species: houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale L.) and downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). As a result, after 13 weeks of growth in the presence of 8 kJ*m-2 UV-B radiation (estimated as 23% of ozone layer depletion), a significant...
December 2013
Effect of Pediococcus sp., Pediococcus pentosaceus, inulin and fulvic acid, added to the diet, on growth of Oreochromis niloticus
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from the intestine of Oreochromis niloticus and its effect, along with that of inulin and fulvic acid, on growth of the same species was determined. Characterization of the isolates was performed through assessing the Gram stain, morphology, cell arrangement, hemolytic activity, antagonism, growth, hydrophobicity, extracellular enzyme activity, and counting of colony forming...
December 2013
Molecular epidemiological study and detection of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii -related resistance genes
This study aimed to investigate the existence and molecular epidemiological characteristics of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB)-related resistance genes isolated from our hospital. Microdilution and disk diffusion methods were used to detect the antibiotic susceptibility of 46 MDRAB isolates that carried OXA-51 gene. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to analyze the homologies...
December 2013
Diversity and abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with acacia trees from different land use systems in Ethiopia
Root samples and rhizosphere soil of nine acacia species (Acacia abyssinica, Faidherbia albida, A. nilotica, A. senegal, A. seyal, A. sieberiana, A. saligna, A. tortilis and A. robusta) were collected from Bishoftu, Zeway and Addis Ababa sites with different land use types to assess their Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal (AMF) diversity, spore density and root colonization. The percentage of root length colonized by AMF...
December 2013
Phylogeny analysis of Indian strains of Rhizoctonia solani isolated from chickpea and development of sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker for detection of the pathogen
Wet root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the important diseases in chickpea worldwide. In the present study, 10 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers were used to assess the molecular diversity of 50 chickpea isolates of R. solani. There was a great diversity among the isolates studied and was in the range of 52 to 93%. The isolates were highly variable in aggressiveness and caused up to 100% wet...
December 2013
Incidence of intestinal nematodes recovered in slaughtered goats in Figuig Province, Morocco
The main purpose of this study was to investigate helminths incidence in goats. Species recorded were Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Skrjabinema ovis, Trichuris ovis, Haemonchus contortus and Nematodirus spathiger, and overall prevalence of helminths was 79% (95/120). The most frequently detected nematodes in the goats were T. ovis (62.5%) followed by T. colubriformis (52.5%) and T....
December 2013
Anti-bacterial activity of Coriaria myrtifolia against Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Plant pathogen responsible for crown gall
The present work aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Coriaria myrtifolia’s leaves against Agrobacterium sp. and Agrobacterium tumefaciens “plant pathogen responsible for crown gall” in an objective to identify novel antimicrobial agents and to put forward efforts of proving plant’s extracts scientific credibility, and determining their spectrum of...
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